标题 | 轻松认识定语从句 |
范文 | 引言 根据新课标、考试大纲的要求,定语从句在英语语言习得方面占有举足轻重的地位。对定语从句的良好感知有利于学生提升英语阅读能力、写作能力及解题水平。但问题是学生在识别定语从句、区分关系代词和关系副词方面有很多困惑。因此,我设计一堂定语从句专题课,期望能扫除这两个障碍,让学生拥有良好的英语体验和获得感。 教学设计 一、教学目标 1. 识别定语从句。 2. 区分关系代词和关系副词。 二、教学步骤 Step1. 观察与感悟 呈现9个经典定语从句,要求学生朗读并通过观察句子,找出所给句子的2个共同之处。 (1) This is the man who/that helped me yesterday. (2) Yesterday I received the book (that/which) I bought on the Net. (3) Do you still remember the days when we studied together? (4) Do you still remember the days (that/which) we spent together? (5) The school where I studied was 3 kilometers away from my home. (6) The school (that/which) we visited last Sunday was 3 kilometers away from my home. (7) The reason why he was late was that he missed his train. (8) Tom?was?always?late?for?school,?which?made?his?teacher?angry. (9) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. 设计说明:为了充分理解句意,要求学生按意群停顿来读句子。通过对9个典型句子的共性分析,找出识别定语从句的两个关键点:1.从句前面有名词或代词。2.从句中缺成分,要么缺主宾,要么缺状语。(先行词一定要充当从句成分) Step2. 思考: 关系代词?关系副词? 1)当从句缺主语、或宾语,选择? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? (key:关系代词) 2)当从句主宾完整(不及物动词没有宾语),缺状语时,选择? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? (key:关系副词) 设计说明:通过观察以上从句所缺成分,如缺主宾,选择关系代词;如缺状语,选择关系副词。这是区分关系代词和关系副词最直观的方法。 Ex1:? where?? when?? that? 1) If a shop has chairs? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. (key:where) 2) In an hour, we can travel to places? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? would have taken our ancestors days to reach. (key:which/that) 3) I remember the time? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? you left us last year. (key:when) 设计说明:此类题考查关系代词和副词的应用,提醒学生观察从句所缺成分。 Ex2.(非限定性)定语从句?并列句?强调句? 1) Each summer, she goes to the beach,? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? she swims every day.(定语从句,where) 2) Each summer, she goes to the beach, _______ she often swims there every day. (并列句,and) 3) It was in the hotel _______ we stayed last night. (強调句,that) 4) It was the hotel ________ we stayed last night. (定语从句,where) 5) I have many collections of stamps, ________some of them are my favorite.(并列句,and) 设计说明:英语考试中,定语从句不会孤立存在,所以如何识别定语从句,区分它与其他从句或句型的不同是学生面临的问题。根据教学活动step1,学生已学会识别“定语从句”的2个关键点。 Ex3,抽象性的地点名词:? that? where? 1) We are trying to reach a point ________ both sides will sit down together and talk. 2) Teaching is a job __________ you can find your true value. 3) We will discuss some cases __________ students fail to use English properly. (key: 全部选择where) 设计说明:关系副词where是高考和模考的重要考点。其中一些抽象性的地点名词,如point“达到…地步”,case“在…情形下”,situation“在…境地下”,job“在这份职业中”,虽然字面上是一般名词,但已转化成为抽象的地点名词作为先行词,在定语从句中充当状语,根据课堂step2所学知识,选择使用关系副词where。 Ex 4.? which? that? 1) There seems to be nothing? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? is impossible to him in the world.? (key: that) 2) This is the best film? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? I have ever seen.? (key: that) 设计说明:定语从句特例:当先行词是everything,anything, nothing, something等不定代词时,或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no序数词,最高级,the very, the only等修饰时,只能用:that。 Ex 5 who? that? 1) Anyone? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? breaks the laws should be punished.? ?(key: who) 2) He? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? laughs last laughs best.? ?(key: who) 设计说明:先行词是those, he, anyone, someone, everyone, 指人,只能用who。 Ex 6. 绘制定语从句的思维导图mind-map 设计说明:思维导图让知识可视化,整体化,从而使单个知识联系起来,使之有条理,便于理解和记忆。学生的绘制过程是一次主动使用脑、眼、手,发挥联想,体现空间感的过程,是一次主动思维的过程。 Step3. 挑战 :高考真题再现 1.语法填空。 1.1 Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,? ? ? ? ?she opened with her late husband Les.? (2019- 全国II卷) 1.2 They were well trained by their masters? ? ? ? ?had great experience with caring for these animals. (2019- 全国III卷) 1.3? Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014? ? ? ? ?showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.(2018-全国I卷) 2.改错 (每句最多两处错误)。 2.1 One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. (2019-全国I卷) 2.2 In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment what is created for them. (2019-全国III卷) 2.3 They also had a small pond which they raised fish.(2018-全国I卷) 设计说明:通过精选近2年高考题中涉及定语从句的题目,让学生亲临考场,感受真题。学生们在解题中内化技能,应用和巩固所学知识。 三、教学反思 本节课是以“识别——区分——应用”为主线的“定语从句”语法课,教学目标定位较准,教学设计有层次。学生从观察、感悟、思考、练习到思维导图的归纳和應用,轻松突破定语从句的两个难点,学有所获。但在实际的教学中,教师应注意以下问题: 1.教学难度、速度、是弹性的,要基于学情。比如在普通班的step2中教学中让学生们列出所有关系代词和关系副词。高级班可增加关于as, whose 等引导的定语从句练习。 2.可以增加含定语从句的篇章阅读,以及佳句欣赏翻译环节。定语从句在英语语篇中起着重要作用,教师在备课环节要多想办法为学生提供原汁原味的英语资料,满足不同学生的需求。 【作者简介】甘青,广东省顺德伦教中学。 |
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