| 单词 | harsh |
| 释义 | harsh adjectiveverbs | adverb verbs➤appear, be, prove, seem, sound显得严厉；严厉；证实苛刻；好像残酷；听起来无情◆it may seem harsh to criticize him after his death.在他死后还批评他似乎太无情了。➤become变得严厉adverb➤extremely, fairly, very, etc.极为／颇为／非常苛刻▸➤exceptionally, particularly格外严厉；特别严酷▸➤increasingly越来越严酷▸➤a little, slightly, etc.有点儿／略微有些严厉▸➤overly, unduly, unnecessarily过分苛刻；过分严厉◆he accused her of being unduly harsh.他指责她太过苛刻。➤surprisingly出奇地严苛 harsh adjectiveharsh ♦︎ severe ♦︎ hard ♦︎ bleakthese words all describe weather conditions which are not pleasant or are difficult to live in.这些词均表示天气恶劣的、严酷的。patterns and collocations 句型和搭配◆a harsh / severe / hard / bleak winter◆harsh / severe weather / conditions◆a harsh / severe climate◆a severe / hard frost■ harsh (of weather or living conditions) very difficult and unpleasant to live in（天气或生活条件）恶劣的，艰苦的◆these plants will not grow in this harsh climate.这些植物不能在这样恶劣的气候条件下生长。◆he stood outside, blinking in the harsh sunlight.他站在外面，在刺眼的阳光下直眨眼睛。◆life expectancy is extremely low due to the harsh conditions.因条件恶劣预期寿命极短。opp mild → sunny ■ severe (of weather) very unpleasant and/or dangerous（天气）极为恶劣的，危险的◆severe weather conditions can lead to an increase in the demand for electricity.恶劣的天气状况可能导致用电需求增加。◆a severe storm blew the ship off course.强风暴致使船偏离了航道。■ hard [usually before noun](of weather) very cold and severe（天气）严寒的，凛冽的◆there was a hard frost that night.那天晚上寒冷有霜。■ bleak /bliːk/ (of weather) very cold and unpleasant（天气）阴冷的◆she left on a bleak november day.她在十一月份一个阴冷的日子离开了。note 辨析 which word? harsh weather or conditions make living physically difficult; harsh is used especially when these conditions exist all the time in a place or last for a long time. severe weather may last only a short time, but can cause immediate danger, not just difficulty over a longer period. hard typically describes a winter (= harsh) or a frost (= making the ground very hard). bleak describes a time, such as a day or a winter, that makes you feel depressed, whether or not life is physically difficult. * harsh 修饰天气或状况时指生活条件艰苦，尤指某地终年或长期生活条件恶劣； severe 修饰天气时，不仅指由于天气长期恶劣而不便，也指会在短时间内造成直接危害； hard 常描述 winter，指严冬，或描述 frost，指霜冻。bleak 与 day 或 winter 等表示一段时期的词搭配，指使人感到情绪低落，与生活条件艰苦与否无关。harsh(of weather or living conditions) very difficult and unpleasant to live in（天气或生活条件）恶劣的，艰苦的◆these plants will not grow in this harsh climate.这些植物不能在这样恶劣的气候条件下生长。◆he stood outside, blinking in the harsh sunlight.他站在外面，在刺眼的阳光下直眨眼睛。◆life expectancy is extremely low due to the harsh conditions.因条件恶劣预期寿命极短。opp mild → sunny harsh (often disapproving) (of sb's voice) loud in an unpleasant way（嗓音）刺耳的，尖厉的◆'stop it!' she said in a harsh voice.“停下来！”她用刺耳的嗓音说道。▸ harshly adverb◆alec laughed harshly.亚历克刺耳地大笑。note 辨析 harsh or raucous? harsh is usually used to talk about a single person's voice; raucous is more often used to talk about the unpleasant noise made by a group of people. * harsh 通常指一个人的声音，raucous 多指一群人发出的吵杂刺耳的声音。harsh (usually disapproving) (of a judgement, punishment or situation) extreme and cruel or unkind, especially more extreme than is appropriate for the situation（评价、惩罚或局势）残酷的，严酷的，严厉的◆it may seem a bit harsh to criticize him after his death.在他去世后对他进行批评可能会显得有点残酷。◆he later regretted his harsh words.过后他对自己的刻薄言辞感到后悔。◆he accused her of being unduly harsh.他指责她过分严厉。◆we had to face up to the harsh realities of life sooner or later.我们迟早都得正视严酷的生活现实。opp lenient → lenient ▸ harshly adverb◆don't judge him too harshly.不要过分苛刻地批评他。harsh (disapproving) (especially of light or colour) too strong and bright, in a way that is ugly or unpleasant to look at（尤指光线或颜色）强烈刺眼的◆she was caught in the harsh glare of the headlights.她遭到了车前灯强烈刺眼的照射。◆the view was spoiled by the harsh lines of concrete towers.那里的景致被一座座混凝土高楼的刺眼线条给破坏了。opp soft → dim 1 , soft → pale 2 harsh/hɑ:ʃ ||; hɑrʃ/adj1. very strict and unkind 严苛的；无情的: ◇ a harsh punishment/criticism 严厉的处罚╱批评◇the judge had some harsh words for the journalist's behaviour. 这个记者的行为受到了法官的严厉批评。 2. unpleasant and difficult to live in, look at, listen to, etc （环境）恶劣的，刺眼的，刺耳的: ◇she grew up in the harsh environment of new york city. 她在纽约市恶劣的环境中长大。◇a harsh light/voice 刺眼的光；刺耳的声音 3. too strong or rough and likely to damage sth 太强烈的，太粗糙的（可能造成伤害）: ◇this soap is too harsh for a baby's skin. 这种肥皂碱性太大，会伤婴儿的皮肤。 ➔harshly adv ➔harshness noun [u] harshsee ⇨ bright 1 ⇨ horrible 4 ⇨ strict/not strict 1,2 harsh /hɑrʃ; hɑːʃ/adj 1. harsh conditions are difficult to live in and are very uncomfortable ［条件］艰苦的，严酷的，恶劣的:◇harsh canadian winters 加拿大的严冬 2. unpleasantly bright, loud, or rough 刺眼的; 刺耳的; 毛糙的:◇harsh lighting 刺眼的灯光 3. unkind, cruel, or strict 严厉的，苛严的，无情的:◇harsher laws to deal with drunk drivers 对付酒后驾车司机的更为严厉的法律 |
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