| 单词 | scratch |
| 释义 | scratch nounadjective | verb + scratch | scratch + noun | preposition adjective➤deep, long, nasty深深的／长长的／难看的擦痕▸➤light, little, minor, slight, small轻微划痕；小擦痕；浅浅的擦痕◆his only injuries were some minor scratches above his eye.他仅在眼睛上方有些轻微的擦伤。➤a few, numerous几处／无数擦痕➤cat猫的抓痕verb + scratch➤have有擦痕➤get受到擦伤➤leave, make留下擦痕◆powdered cleansers will leave scratches on the glass.清洁粉会在玻璃上留下擦痕。scratch + noun➤mark擦痕preposition➤without a scratch毫发无损◆she emerged from the wrecked vehicle without a scratch.她安然无恙地从撞毁车辆中钻了出来。scratch verbadverb | preposition adverb➤badly严重地刮伤◆the table had been badly scratched.桌子被刮得伤痕累累。➤absently (especially name) 心不在焉地挠◆he absently scratched his head.他心不在焉地挠了挠头。➤lightly轻轻刮preposition➤at挠⋯◆he scratched at his beard for a few seconds.他抓了几下胡子。◆i could hear the dog scratching at the door.我听见狗在挠门。➤on在⋯上划伤◆i scratched my arm on a rose bush.我被玫瑰花丛划伤了胳膊。➤with用⋯抓◆she scratched his face with her nails.她用指甲抓伤了他的脸。 scratch /skrætʃ/ verb ●you scratch my back and i'll scratch yoursused to say that if sb helps you, you will help them, even if this is unfair to others 如果你帮助我，我也会帮助你的；投桃报李 scratch /skrætʃ/ noun ●from scratchwithout any previous preparation or knowledge 从零开始；从头开始◆the prototype was designed and built from scratch in just one month. 这个原型是在仅仅一个月之内从零开始设计制造出来的。●(be/come) up to scratch ●(bring sb/sth) up to scratchas good as sth/sb should be; satisfactory 合乎标准；达到要求◆his work simply isn't up to scratch. 他的工作简直不符合要求。◆our products are good, but we need to bring our customer service up to scratch. 我们的产品很好，但我们必须使客户服务达标。☞ scratch☞ scratchscratch verb 1➤scratch yourself on a nail在钉子上划了自己一下➤scratch at an insect bite/a cat scratches挠被虫叮的包；猫挠人scratch ♦︎ scrape ♦︎ rub ♦︎ scuff ♦︎ grazethese words all mean to damage a surface or to remove sth from it by moving sth sharp and hard across it.这些词均表示擦破、划破、磨破。patterns and collocations 句型和搭配◆to scratch sth / scrape sth / rub / scuff sth / graze sth on sth◆to scrape / graze your knee / knuckles / elbow / shin◆to scratch / scrape / graze a surface◆to scratch / scuff / graze sth badly■ scratch [transitive] to damage the surface of sth, especially accidentally, by making thin shallow marks on it; to cut or damage your skin slightly with sth sharp（尤指意外地）擦破，划损，刮坏；划破，划伤（皮肤）◆be careful not to scratch the furniture.小心别刮坏了家具。◆the car's paintwork is badly scratched.汽车的漆面划损得很严重。◆i'd scratched my leg and it was bleeding.我把腿抓得流血了。◆she scratched herself on a nail.她在钉子上划了一下。 ➡ see also scratch → injury noun ■ scrape [transitive] to rub sth accidentally against sth rough, so that it gets damaged or hurt（意外地）擦坏，擦伤，刮坏，蹭破◆i scraped the side of my car on the wall.我的车一侧被墙刮了。◆sorry, i've scraped some paint off the car.抱歉，我把车刮掉了一块漆。◆she fell and scraped her knee.她摔了一跤，把膝盖蹭破了。◆the wire had scraped the skin from her fingers.她的手指被金属丝刮掉了皮。note 辨析 scratch or scrape?if you scratch a surface you make a long thin line on it; if you scrape it, you usually make a wider mark. if you scratch a part of your body, the damage is not very bad; if you scrape it, the damage is usually a little greater.表示擦伤物体表面时，scratch 指在上面留下细长的道子，scrape 通常指在上面留下较宽的痕迹。表示擦伤身体某个部位时，scratch 指伤得不严重，scrape 则通常指伤得略严重些。■ rub (-bb-) [intransitive](of a surface) to move backwards and forwards many times against sth while pressing it, especially causing pain or damage（表面）磨，摩擦（尤指引起疼痛或造成损害）◆the back of my shoe is rubbing.我的鞋后跟磨脚。◆the wheel is rubbing on the mudguard.车轮蹭着挡泥板了。◆the horse's neck was rubbed raw (= until the skin came off) where the rope had been.马脖子上拴过缰绳的地方皮都给磨掉了。■ scuff [transitive] to make a mark on the smooth surface of sth when you rub it against sth rough磨损，磨坏（光滑表面）◆i scuffed the heel of my shoe on the stonework.我的鞋跟被铺石路面给磨坏了。■ graze [transitive] to break the surface of your skin by rubbing it against sth rough擦伤，擦破（皮肤）◆i fell and grazed my knee.我摔了一跤，擦伤了膝盖。◆he grazed his elbow on a sharp piece of rock.他的手肘被一块尖石划伤了。 ➡ see also graze → injury noun note 辨析 scrape or graze? graze is only used to talk about parts of the body; scrape can be used to talk about damaging many types of surface. scrape places more emphasis on the action; graze places more emphasis on the injury. * graze 仅指擦伤身体某部位，scrape 可用于多种表面。scrape 更强调擦伤的动作，graze 更强调所受的损伤。scratch verb 2➤scratch yourself on a nail在钉子上划了自己一下➤scratch at an insect bite/a cat scratches挠被虫叮的包；猫挠人scratch ♦︎ clawthese words both mean to rub or tear sth with claws or nails.这两个词均表示用爪子或指甲搔、挠、抓。patterns and collocations 句型和搭配◆to scratch / claw at sth◆to scratch / claw sth with sth◆to scratch / claw sb frantically■ scratch [transitive, intransitive] to rub your skin with your nails, usually because it is itching (= making you feel uncomfortable); to cut sb's skin slightly with your nails挠，搔（痒处）；抓破，抓伤（皮肤）◆john yawned and scratched his chin.约翰打了个哈欠，挠了挠下巴。◆try not to scratch.尽量别挠。◆she scratched at the insect bites on her arm.她挠了挠胳膊上被虫咬的包。◆she had obviously tried to scratch her attacker.显然她曾试图抓伤袭击她的人。◆does the cat scratch?这只猫挠人吗？■ claw [intransitive, transitive] to scratch or tear sb/sth with claws (= one of the sharp curved nails on an animal's or bird's foot) or with your fingernails（用爪子或指甲）抓，撕，挠◆the cat was clawing at the leg of the chair.那只猫在抓挠椅子腿。◆she had clawed stephen across the face.她曾抓过斯蒂芬的脸。ⓘ when it is used to describe people's actions, claw is mostly used in literary writing, and may be used to talk about particularly desperate or violent acts. * claw 指人的行为时主要出现在文学作品中，可指抓扯得特别拚命或粗暴◆she flew at him, clawing blindly with her nails.她朝他扑过去，手指到处乱抓。scratch [intransitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition通常与副词或介词连用) to make an unpleasant rough sound like the sound made by rubbing or dragging a sharp object across a surface发出刺耳的刮擦声◆his pen scratched away on the paper.他的笔在纸上沙沙地响。note 辨析 scrape or scratch? scrape is often used to describe the sound made by sth that does not have a sharp point. * scrape 常指不带尖头的东西弄出声音◆don't scrape your chairs on the floor.别用椅子刮地板。◆don't scratch your chairs on the floor. scratch is often used when an object with a sharp point is making the sound, like the nails on an animal's foot. * scratch 常指如动物的爪子等带尖头的物体弄出声音◆the dog kept scratching at the door to go out.那条狗不停地抓门，想出去。◆the dog kept scraping at the door to go out. scratch [countable] a thin cut which produces very little or no blood（出血很少或不出血的）小伤口，划口◆her hands were covered in scratches from the brambles.她双手布满了荆棘划的口子。 ➡ see also scratch → scratch verb 1 scratch [transitive] to damage the surface of sth, especially accidentally, by making thin shallow marks on it; to cut or damage your skin slightly with sth sharp（尤指意外地）擦破，划损，刮坏；划破，划伤（皮肤）◆be careful not to scratch the furniture.小心别刮坏了家具。◆the car's paintwork is badly scratched.汽车的漆面划损得很严重。◆i'd scratched my leg and it was bleeding.我把腿抓得流血了。◆she scratched herself on a nail.她在钉子上划了一下。 ➡ see also scratch → injury noun scratch [transitive, intransitive] to rub your skin with your nails, usually because it is itching (= making you feel uncomfortable); to cut sb's skin slightly with your nails挠，搔（痒处）；抓破，抓伤（皮肤）◆john yawned and scratched his chin.约翰打了个哈欠，挠了挠下巴。◆try not to scratch.尽量别挠。◆she scratched at the insect bites on her arm.她挠了挠胳膊上被虫咬的包。◆she had obviously tried to scratch her attacker.显然她曾试图抓伤袭击她的人。◆does the cat scratch?这只猫挠人吗？scratch¹/skrætʃ ||; skrætʃ/verb1. [i,t] scratch (at sth) to rub your skin with your nails, especially because it is irritating you (itching) 抓；搔；搔痒: ◇don't scratch at your insect bites or they'll get worse. 给虫子咬了别去搔，不然越搔越糟糕。◇could you scratch my back for me? 你可以给我搔搔背吗？◇she sat and scratched her head as she thought about the problem. 她坐着一边搔头，一边想问题。 2. [i,t] to make a mark on a surface or a slight cut on a person's skin with sth sharp 抓破；划破；抓伤；划伤: ◇the cat will scratch if you annoy it. 如果你惹恼这只猫，它会抓你的。◇the table was badly scratched. 桌子被严重划花了。 3. [i] to make a sound by rubbing a surface with sth sharp 用尖物刮擦表面而发出声音: ◇the dog was scratching at the door to go outside. 那狗在抓门，想要出去。 4. [t] to use sth sharp to make or remove a mark 用尖物刻上或刮掉痕迹: ◇he scratched his name on the top of his desk. 他把名字刻在桌面上。◇i tried to scratch the paint off the table. 我试图刮去桌上的油漆。 scratch²/skrætʃ ||; skrætʃ/noun1. [c] a cut, mark or sound that was made by sb/sth sharp rubbing a surface 抓痕；划痕；刮擦声: ◇there's a scratch on the car door. 车门上有刮痕。 ☞picture at blob 见blob插图 2. [sing] an act of scratching part of the body because it is irritating you (itching) 抓；搔痒: ◇the dog had a good scratch. 那只狗痛痛快快地搔痒。 from scratch from the very beginning 从头做起；从零开始: ◇i'm learning spanish from scratch. 我正在学习西班牙语，从最基本的开始。 (be/come) up to scratch(informal 非正式) (to be/become) good enough 达到标准；令人满意 scratchsee ⇨ cut 3 ⇨ damage 1 ⇨ rub 1 ⇨ touch 1 • • •• ⇨ not be up to scratch/not come up to scratch• ⇨ without a scratch☞ scratch¹☞ scratch² |
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