| 单词 | law |
| 释义 | law noun¹ 1official rule/rules法规 ➡ see also martial law adjective | verb + law | law + verb | law + noun | preposition | phrases adjective➤administrative, case, civil, common, constitutional, criminal, statute, etc.行政法、判例法、民法、习惯法、宪法、刑法、成文法等➤abortion, bankruptcy, business, contract, divorce, employment, family, immigration, labour/labor, libel, tax, etc.堕胎法、破产法、商业法、合同法、离婚法、用工法、家庭法、移民法、劳动法、诽谤法、税法等➤federal, international, state联邦法；国际法；州的法律➤clear清楚的法律◆the law is clear: bribery is wrong.法律规定很清楚：贿赂是违法的。➤unclear, vague不清晰的／模糊的法律➤harsh, strict, stringent, tough严酷的／严格的／严厉的／严苛的法律◆environmental laws are strict about polluting precious water.环境法对珍贵水源的污染有严格的规定。➤discriminatory, unconstitutional, unjust歧视性／违宪的／不公正的法律◆we believe this law is unconstitutional.我们认为该法违宪。➤liberal宽松的法律➤restrictive限制性法律◆the passage of a restrictive immigration law in 19241924 年一项限制性移民法的通过➤jewish, talmudic犹太教法；《塔木德》法典➤islamic, sharia伊斯兰教教法verb + law➤become成为法律◆a presidential veto prevented the bill from becoming law.总统的否决使该议案没能成为法律。◆parliament voted for the bill to become law.议会投票通过，使议案成为法律。➤apply, enforce, implement, uphold适用法律；执法；维法◆it's the job of the police to enforce the law.执法是警察的工作。➤follow, obey, observe, respect守法；尊重法律▸➤break, flout, violate违法；无视法律▸➤adopt, create, enact, introduce, pass通过法律；制订法律；推行法律▸➤overturn, repeal废止法律➤amend, change, reform, revise修正／改变／改革／修订法律◆congress amended the law in 1998.国会于 1998 年对该法进行了修正。➤draft, write起草／撰写法律◆the legislators who drafted the law起草该法的立法人员➤interpret解释法律◆judges interpret this law in different ways.法官对这条法律的解释各有不同。law + verb➤allow sth, authorize sth, permit sth法律允许⋯／批准⋯／许可⋯➤recognize sth法律承认⋯◆a law recognizing civil unions for same-sex couples承认同性伴侣民事结合的法律➤ban sth, forbid sth, prohibit sth法律禁止⋯◆the law forbids gambling of any kind.法律禁止任何形式的赌博。➤limit sth, restrict sth法律限制⋯◆a law limiting the hours of work to ten hours per day禁止日工作时间超过 10 小时的法律➤criminalize sth法律规定⋯为犯罪◆laws criminalizing same-sex relationships were ruled unconstitutional.规定同性恋关系为犯罪的法律被判违宪。➤mandate sth, require sth法律要求⋯◆the wearing of a crash helmet is required by law.法律要求必须佩戴安全帽。➤govern sth, regulate sth法律规定⋯◆the law governing school attendance规定就学的法律◆the laws regulating firearms枪械管理的相关法律➤apply to sb/sth, cover sb/sth法律适用于⋯／覆盖⋯◆the law applies equally to businesses large and small.该法律同样适用于所有公司，无论大小。law + noun➤court (bre) (also court of law (bre, , name)) 法庭➤case, suit (usually lawsuit) 案件；诉讼◆lawsuits filed by women against employers妇女针对雇主提起的诉讼➤enforcement执法◆the building was raided by law enforcement agents.该大楼受到了执法人员的突击搜查。➤violation (name) 违法➤reform法律改革◆the broader implications of copyright law reform版权法改革的更广泛意义➤clerk, partner (both name) 律师助理；律师事务所合伙人➤office, practice (both name) 律师事务所；法律实务◆she lost her job at a boston law office.她丢掉了在波士顿一家律师事务所的工作。➤license (name) 律师执照➤book, journal, review法律书籍／期刊／评论◆a room filled with law books满是法律书籍的房间➤library法律图书馆preposition➤above the law凌驾于法律之上◆no one is above the law.任何人都不能凌驾于法律之上。➤against the law违法◆what you did was clearly against the law.你这样做明显违法。➤beyond the law超越法律◆individuals who are acting beyond the law超越法律行事的个人➤by law依据法律◆by law, you are obliged to install smoke alarms in the factory.依据法律，你有义务在工厂安装烟雾报警器。➤outside the law不合法◆rebels who live outside the law非法的叛乱分子➤within the law在法律许可之内◆the company is operating entirely within the law.这家公司的运作完全是合法的。➤law against禁止⋯的法律◆a local law against keeping horses禁止养马的地方法➤law concerning, law on, law regarding, law relating to关于⋯的法律；⋯法；与⋯相关的法律◆the law concerning industrial action ballots关于劳工行动投票的法律◆a law on hunting will cause a lot of disagreements.狩猎法将引起很多争议。◆the laws regarding child actors儿童演员的相关法律◆the law relating to the sale of goods商品销售的相关法律phrases➤as the law stands (bre) 依照法律规定◆as the law stands, you can get married at sixteen.根据法律规定，16 岁就可以结婚。➤law and order法律与秩序◆martial law was imposed to prevent the breakdown of law and order.为了防止治安陷入瘫痪，实施了戒严。➤the law of the land国家法律◆the civil rights act of 1964 became the law of the land on july 2, 1964.1964 年的《民权法案》于 1964 年 7 月 2 日成为了国家法律。➤the letter of the law法律的字面意义◆in spite of the difficulties it would cause her family, the judge stuck to the letter of the law and jailed her.尽管会给她的家庭带来困难，法官还是严格依据法律条文判她入狱。➤take the law into your own hands无视法律擅自处理◆when police failed to arrest the suspect, local people took the law into their own hands.由于警察没有逮捕嫌疑人，当地的人们便擅自处理。law noun² 2subject of study/profession法学；律师行业verb + law | law + noun verb + law➤practise/practice当律师law + noun➤firm律师事务所➤school (name) (bre) 法学院◆she's in law school. (name) 她在法学院就读。◆she's at law school. (bre) 她在法学院就读。 ➡ note at subject (for more verbs and nouns) law /lɔː/ noun 1. (also the law) [uncountable] the whole system of rules that everyone in a country or society must obey 法律（体系）◆you would be breaking the law by not paying health insurance. 你不缴纳医疗保险费可能会触犯法律。◆it is against the law to discriminate against someone because of their race or sex. 因种族或性别歧视某人是违法的。◆employers are required by law to provide a safe working environment. 法律规定雇主要提供安全的工作环境。⨁ to break / enforce / respect / violate the law违法；执法；遵守法律；犯法 ⨁ the law allows / forbids / prohibits / requires / says sth法律允许／不许／禁止／规定／说某事 2. [uncountable] usually …law a particular branch of the law; the laws of a particular country or area 法规；（特定国家或地区的）法律◆company/intellectual property/contract law 公司法；知识产权法；合同法◆international/federal/local law 国际／联邦／当地法律◆the company denies any liability under indian law. 根据印度法律，这家公司不负任何责任。◆the merger would be in breach of eu competition law. 合并将违反欧盟竞争法。◆the law governing competition 规范竞争的法律⨁ to breach / break / enforce / infringe / violate …law违犯／违反／执行／侵犯／触犯…法 ⨁ …law allows / forbids / prohibits / requires / says sth…法律允许／不许／禁止／规定／说某事 3. [countable] a rule that deals with a particular crime, agreement, etc. （针对某项罪行、协议等的一条）法律，法规◆existing laws on store opening hours should be relaxed. 关于商店营业时间的现行法律应予以放宽。◆they passed (= officially introduced) a law against sending ‘spam’ emails. 他们正式出台了一项禁止“垃圾”电子邮件的法规。◆a law banning the sale of cigarettes by mail order 禁止通过邮购出售香烟的法律◆strict new anti-fraud laws 新制订的严格反诈骗法⨁ to enact / introduce / pass a law制订／出台／通过法规 ⨁ to amend / change / relax / strengthen a law修改／变更／放宽／加强法规 ⨁ a law allows / bans / prohibits / requires / says sth法律允许／禁止／不准／规定／说某事 ⨁ to break / enforce / implement / violate a law违反／执行／实施／违犯法律 ⨁ strict / tough laws严格／严峻的法律 ⨁ international / local / national / state laws国际／当地／国家／州法律 4. [uncountable] the study of the law as a subject at university, etc.; the profession of being a lawyer 法学；法律学；律师业◆chris is studying law. 克里斯正在攻读法律。◆what made you go into law? 是甚么促使你从事律师业的？◆hong kong is home to some of the world's top international law firms. 一些世界顶尖的国际律师事务所以香港为基地。⨁ to go into / practise / study law从事法律工作；做律师；攻读法律 ⨁ a law firm / practice / school律师事务所；法律实务；法学院 5. [countable] the fact that sth always happens in the same way in an activity or in nature 规律；法则；原理◆the law of supply and demand 供求定律 syn principle ➡ idiom at conflict noun, letter noun attorney-at-law ◇ blue-sky laws ◇ by-law ◇ civil law ◇ commercial law ◇ common law ◇ competition law ◇ court of law ◇ criminal law ◇ employment law ◇ international law ◇ labour law ◇ maritime law ◇ mercantile law ◇ moore's law ◇ parkinson's law ◇ private law ◇ public law ☞ law law nounlaw ♦︎ legislation ♦︎ constitution ♦︎ code ♦︎ charterthese are all words for a system or set of rules or principles which govern a country or organization.这些词均表示国家的法律法规或机构的章程。patterns and collocations 句型和搭配◆legislation / a charter on sth◆under / in the legislation / constitution / code / charter◆(a) draft legislation / constitution / code / charter◆(the) civil / criminal law / legislation / code◆(the) state / federal law / legislation / constitution◆to draw up / draft / adopt / approve / amend legislation / a constitution / a code / a charter◆to break the law / a code◆to contravene legislation / a constitution / a code◆to be enshrined in law / legislation / the constitution / a charter◆the law / legislation / the constitution forbids sth◆legislation / the constitution / a charter guarantees sth■ law (also the law) [uncountable] the system of rules that everyone in a country or society must obey; a particular branch of this system法律（体系）；法规◆in sweden it is against the law to hit a child.在瑞典打孩子是违法的。◆defence attorneys can use any means within the law to get their client off.辩护律师可以在法律允许的范围内利用任何手段使当事人免于处罚。◆british schools are now required by law to publish their exam results.按现行法律规定，英国的学校须公布考试结果。◆the reforms have recently become law.最近已立法保证这些改革措施。◆he specializes in international law.他专攻国际法。 ➡ see also law → rule noun ■ legislation /ledʒɪsleɪʃn/ [uncountable] a law or set of laws passed by a parliament法规；法律◆the civil rights campaign resulted in legislation against segregation.那次民权运动的结果是通过了反对隔离的法规。◆there were calls for legislation to ban smoking in public places.人们呼吁立法禁止在公共场所吸烟。◆the government is trying to push through a controversial piece of legislation.政府正试图通过一项有争议的法规。 ➡ see also legislate → rule verb 2 ■ constitution /kɒnstɪtjuːʃn; name kɑːnstətuːʃn/ [countable] the system of laws and basic principles that a state, country or organization is governed by宪法；章程◆these rights are established in the federal constitution.这些权利是联邦宪法中所规定的。◆a two-thirds majority is needed to amend the club's constitution.俱乐部章程的修订需经三分之二的俱乐部成员同意。■ code [countable] a system of laws or written rules that state how people in an organization or country should behave法典；法规；规定◆the company has drawn up a new disciplinary code.公司已经起草了一项新的纪律规定。◆the law includes amendments to the penal code.该法律包括几条刑法修正案。■ charter [countable] a written statement describing the rights that a particular group of people should have; a written statement of the principles and aims of an organization权利宪章；规章；章程◆he fought for a social charter of workers' rights.他为出台一部保障工人权利的社会宪章而斗争。◆minority rights are protected by the un charter.少数族裔的权利受到联合国宪章的保护。law (also the law) [uncountable] the system of rules that everyone in a country or society must obey; a particular branch of this system法律（体系）；法规◆in sweden it is against the law to hit a child.在瑞典打孩子是违法的。◆defence attorneys can use any means within the law to get their client off.辩护律师可以在法律允许的范围内利用任何手段使当事人免于处罚。◆british schools are now required by law to publish their exam results.按现行法律规定，英国的学校须公布考试结果。◆the reforms have recently become law.最近已立法保证这些改革措施。◆he specializes in international law.他专攻国际法。 ➡ see also law → rule noun law [countable, uncountable] a rule or set of rules for good behaviour or how you should behave in a particular situation良好行为的准则；（某场合下的）行为规范◆he frequently behaved as though moral laws did not exist.他的所作所为常常无视道德准则的存在。 ➡ see also law → rule noun , law → theory 1 law [countable] a rule that everyone in a country or society must obey which deals with a particular crime or area of activity（针对某罪行或活动领域的一条）法律，法规◆the government has introduced some tough new laws on food hygiene.政府针对食品卫生出台了一些严格的新法规。◆there ought to be a law against it!应该立法加以禁止！◆the country has very strict gun laws.那个国家对枪支管理有非常严格的法律规定。 ➡ see also law → law noun , law → principle 2 law [countable] the fact that sth always happens in the same way in an activity or in nature; a scientific statement made by sb that explains a natural process规律；法则；原理；定律◆the usual laws of supply and demand do not seem to apply in this case.一般的供求规律似乎不适用于这种情况。◆do you remember anything about ohm's law?你还记得欧姆定律吗？ ➡ see also law → principle 2 law/lɔ: ||; lɔ/noun1. [c] an official rule of a country or state that says what people may or may not do 法律；法规；法令: ◇there's a new law about wearing seat belts in the back of cars. 有一项新法令规定汽车后座乘客必须系安全带。 2. the law [u] all the laws in a country or state （整体的）法律，法规，法令: ◇stealing is against the law. 偷窃是违法行为。◇to break the law 违法◇to obey the law 守法 ☞look at legal. 参看legal。 3. [u] the law as a subject of study or as a profession 法律学；法学；法律专业: ◇she is studying law. 她在念法律。◇my brother works for a law firm in brighton. 我哥哥在布赖顿一家律师事务所工作。 ☞look at legal. 参看legal。 4. [c] (in science) a statement of what always happens in certain situations or conditions （科学）定律: ◇the laws of mathematics/gravity 数学╱引力定律 law and order a situation in which the law is obeyed 法纪 law1 an official rule that everyone must obey2 the whole system of laws of a country or place3 part of a law or legal agreement4 to make a new law5 ways of saying that a law is officially accepted6 relating to the lawrelated wordssee alsorule/regulation,legal,illegal,crime,obey,punish,limit,forbid,court/trial,strict/not strict,1. an official rule that everyone must obey 法律 law /lɔː/ [countable noun] an official rule that everyone in a country or place must obey 法，法律，法令 this law makes it illegal to smoke in public places. 这条法律使在公共场所抽烟成了违法行为。 the law defines drunkenness as a certain percentage of alcohol in the blood. 法律上界定喝醉酒是血液中有一定比例的酒精含量。law against japan has very strict laws against guns and drugs. 日本对于枪支和毒品管理有非常严格的法规。under the law/according to the law under the new law, anyone who assists in a suicide faces 10 years in prison. 根据新的法律，协助自杀者要面临十年徒刑。law on tough new laws on immigration 严厉的新移民法 both specific and general laws on child prostitution exist. 关于儿童卖淫的特别法和普通法都有。tax/gun/immigration etc law the current gun laws vary from state to state. 各个州的现行枪支法都不同。 legislation /ˌledʒɪsˈleɪʃən, ˌledʒəsˈleɪʃən/ [uncountable noun] a set of laws, especially ones that are made to control a new problem ［尤指为控制新的问题而制定的］法律，法规 legislation is needed to stop the spread of computer pornography. 阻止电脑色情的传播需要立法。 the legislation requires motorcyclists to wear helmets. 这一法规要求摩托车手佩戴头盔。legislation on new legislation on the sale of alcohol 关于酒类销售的新法规 act /ækt/ [countable noun] a law made by parliament or congress - used in the official name of a law 法令，法案［用于法律的正式名称中］ the 1991 prevention of terrorism act 1991年的《反恐法》 the wagner act prohibited employers from firing workers for joining a union. 《瓦格纳法案》禁止雇主以参加工会为由解雇工人。 bill /bɪl/ [countable noun] a new law that has to be approved by members of the government before it can officially become a law 议案，法案 monday's debate on the defense bill lasted all night. 星期一关于国防议案的辩论持续了整个晚上。sign a bill to approve a bill so that it becomes a law 签署议案 the president signed a bill that will help more families move from welfare to work. 总统签署了一项帮助更多家庭从享受福利救济转向就业的议案。 statute /ˈstætʃuːt/ [countable noun] a law that has been officially established by the government so that it is written down as the law 成文法；法令，法规 in new mexico, a state statute permits one minute of silent prayer at the beginning of school. 在新墨西哥，有一条新法规允许每天上课之前可以有一分钟的默祷。 unfortunately his lawyer could find no statute or point of law preventing his client's imprisonment. 不幸的是，他的律师找不到哪项法规或法律条文能使其当事人免于入狱。 bylaw british /ordinance american /ˈbaɪlɔː, ˈɔːʳdə̇nənsǁ-dənəns/ [countable noun] a law made by local government that people in a particular area or place must obey 地方法规 fishing on this river is forbidden under a local bylaw. 当地法规禁止在这条河里钓鱼。 a city ordinance prohibiting smoking in government buildings 禁止在政府大楼内吸烟的一项城市法规2. the whole system of laws of a country or place 一个国家或地方的法律体系 law /lɔː/ [uncountable noun] the whole system of laws that everyone in a country or place must obey 法律，法律体系 andrew is studying law at harvard university. 安德鲁在哈佛大学读法律。 in 1873 french law was imposed in vietnam. 1873年法国的法律在越南实施。break the law disobey the law 犯法 i didn't realize i was breaking the law. 我没有意识到自己是在犯法。federal law american a law that everyone in the nation must obey 【美】联邦法 state law american a law that everyone in a state must obey 【美】州法 international law laws that govern how nations behave toward each other 国际法 refugees are accorded special protection under international law 难民受到国际法的特别保护。by law according to the system of laws 依照法律 by law, an advertiser can't use a person's name for commercial purposes without permission. 根据法律规定，广告商未经许可不得把一个人的名字用作商业用途。against the law illegal because it is not part of the system of laws 违法的 it's against the law to be drunk in public. 在公共场合喝醉酒是违法的。law and order respect for the system of laws 法律和秩序 the soldiers were brought in to restore law and order after the riots. 暴乱后派遣了军队来恢复法律和秩序。 legal system /ˈliːgəl ˌsɪstə̇m/ [countable noun] the laws and the way that they work in a particular country 法律制度，法律体系 many people here have no faith in the legal system and do not expect to receive justice from it. 这里的许多人对法律制度没有信心，不指望法律能给他们公正。 the american legal system says that you are innocent until proven guilty. 美国的法律制度说如果不能证明有罪就是无罪。3. part of a law or legal agreement 法律或法律协议的一部分 article /ˈɑːʳtɪkəl/ [countable noun] one of the parts, usually numbered, of a written law or legal agreement 条款，条文［通常编了号的］ article 1 of the constitution guarantees freedom of religion. 宪法第一条保证宗教信仰自由。 the country signed the treaty but then violated each of its 143 articles. 这个国家签署了条约，但是143条条款，它每一条都违反了。 clause /klɔːz/ [countable noun] a part of a written law or legal document, concerning a particular point or idea ［涉及某一方面的］条款 i was told that this clause would be removed from the contract. 我得知这一条款将从合同中删去。 courts ruled that prayer in school violates a clause of the first amendment. 法院裁定，在学校里做祷告违反了《第一修正案》中的一个条款。 loophole /ˈluːphəʊl/ [countable noun] a detail that is missing from a law or legal document that makes it possible to avoid something in that law ［法律中的］漏洞，空子 he pays very little tax because of some loophole in income tax legislation. 由于所得税法规中存在着某些漏洞，他缴纳的税非常少。close a loophole to add details to a law so that there is no way for people to avoid following it 堵住漏洞 the new rules will close loopholes in british immigration law. 这些新的法规将堵住英国移民法中的漏洞。4. to make a new law 制定新的法律 pass /pɑːsǁpæs/ [transitive verb] to accept a new law in a government or parliament, so that it officially becomes a law 通过［新法律］ congress has passed an education-reform law. 国会通过了一项教育改革法规。 the law was passed with only a few mps voting against. 该法律已获通过，只有数名议员投了反对票。 legislate /ˈledʒɪsleɪt, ˈledʒəsleɪt/ [intransitive/transitive verb] to officially make laws that are intended to control a particular activity or situation 立法 legislate against should parliament legislate against experiments on animals? 议会应该立法反对在动物身上做实验吗？legislate on the government was under a lot of public pressure to legislate on equal pay. 政府正承受民众要求就同工同酬进行立法的巨大压力。legislate for thomas jefferson said that britain had no right to legislate for its american colonies. 托马斯·杰斐逊说，英国无权为它在美国的殖民地立法。legislate something american states are legislating stricter automobile safety measures for young children. 各州正在立法为幼童制定更为严厉的机动车安全措施。5. ways of saying that a law is officially accepted 表示一项法律被正式接受的说法 become law /bɪˌkʌm ˈlɔː/ [verb phrase] if a new or suggested law becomes law, it is officially accepted and starts to exist 确立为法律，成为法律 the education bill finally became law last month. 《教育法案》在上个月终于成为法律。 until the food protection bill became law, the ministry had no power to ban dangerous pesticides. 要到《食品保护法案》被确立为法律，这个部门才有权力禁止使用有毒杀虫剂。 get onto/reach the statute book british also be on the books american /ˌget ɒntə, ˌriːtʃ ðə ˈstætʃuːt bʊk, biː ɒn ðə ˈbʊks/ [verb phrase] if a law gets onto the statute book, it officially becomes a law 成为成文法；付诸实施 the employment bill was passed in 1982 but did not reach the statute book until 1984. 《就业法案》于1982年就获通过，但直到1984年才付诸实施。 the laws have been on the books for decades, but city officials failed to enforce them. 这些法律制定了数十年，但市政府官员一直没有执行。6. relating to the law 与法律有关的 legal /ˈliːgəl/ [adjective only before noun] connected with laws and courts 法律的 legal advice people on low salaries can get free legal advice. 低收入者可以免费获得法律咨询。legal battle/dispute when two people or organizations disagree about something, and this is judged in a court of law 官司/法律纠纷 neither side wanted a long and expensive legal battle. 双方都不愿意花巨款打一场持久的官司。legal fees money you have to pay lawyers 法律费用；律师费 the american government does not pay the legal fees of americans who are arrested abroad. 美国公民境外被捕，美国政府不为他们支付律师费。 legislative /ˈledʒɪslətɪv, ˈledʒəslətɪvǁ-leɪtɪv/ [adjective only before noun] connected with making laws 立法的 legislative assembly/council/body the liberal party has won control of the legislative assembly. 自由党获得了立法议会的控制权。legislative power/authority/control legislative authority rests with parliament. 立法机关是国会。 the u.s. president has no legislative power, but he can make recommendations. 美国总统没有立法权力，但是他可以提议。 law /lɔ; lɔː/n 1. [u] the system of rules that people in a country or place must obey 法律（体系）:◇by law (=according to the law) 按照法律: seatbelts must be worn by law. 按照法律规定必须系上安全带。◇against the law (=illegal) 违法的: drunk driving is against the law. 酒后驾车是违法的。◇break the law (=do something illegal) 犯法 2. [c] a rule that people in a country or place must obey （一项）法律，法令，法规:◇+ against new laws against testing cosmetics on animals 禁止在动物身上做化妆品试验的新法令◇+ on tough laws on immigration 严格的移民法规 3. [u] the system of law studied as a subject 法学 4. the law the police 警方，警察:◇is he in trouble with the law? 他与警察惹上麻烦了吗？ 5. law and order when people obey the law, and crime is controlled by the police and the courts of law 守法; 法治 6. [c] a scientific rule that explains why something happens 定律，规律:◇the law of gravity 万有引力定律 ☞ law |
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