满族婚礼习俗的英译研究

    王晓辉

    摘 要：满族的婚礼非常讲究，礼节繁杂。在整个婚礼中主要主题为"吉祥"。因此，在对其进行英译中，"吉祥"的气氛应该充斥在英文的字里行间，同时要提供给目的语读者更多的认知语境，减小理解的难度。这种翻译的技巧作者用英文示例加以呈现。

    关键词：习俗；英译

    1 满族婚礼习俗概述

    满族的婚礼习俗强调吉祥二字，所以满族办喜事接新娘要选一个良辰吉日。迎娶新娘的花轿和汉族的有所区别，使用的是马拉花轿而不用人抬。媒人和娶亲婆以及压轿男孩在整个婚礼过程中必不可少。迎亲时，新郎骑马，领花轿至女家，新娘上轿后，骑马领花轿返回。新娘娶到家之后，新郎、新娘拜堂，新娘开脸并改梳发型，再出来拜神及亲友。新郎新娘结婚当日行完各种礼仪后，需吃子孙饽饽（水饺），寓意为子孙满堂。新娘被搀到屋里后，还要"坐福"。"坐福"时不能下地，到了晚上由伴娘和亲友们送新娘子入洞房。新婚夫妇入洞房上炕时那花烛不能吹灭，要用扇子扇灭。

    2 满族婚礼习俗的英译原则及示例

    由于满族婚姻礼仪繁琐，所以在做英文翻译时倍感困难，采用传统翻译无法向目的语读者讲述清楚，所以在满族婚礼习俗的翻译上采用直译加意译的原则。对于一些具有中国传统文化元素的符号采用直译加集注的方法，而对于一些象征意义则采用意译的方法。这样的翻译容易为西方人所理解，具体翻译示例如下：

    Picking up brides for Manchu will choose a lucky day. The first day， the persons who go to the bride's family to pick the bride up are bridegroom， match-maker， two women of wedding servers and a boy acting as "yajiao" .

    On the next day the bride will be invited to go to the sedan after the good occasion is chosen. The bride will say goodbye to her family members with tears accompanied by the musical voice of drum and trumpet， while the bride's mother will pour the water that the bride has used for washing face into the place where the bridal sedan stopped. Manchu mostly will choose sedan to pick up the bride which is dragged by horses instead of men. When picking up the bride， a boy aged between 8-9 and the wedding-serving old woman- whose fate belongs to the earth life（a kind of astrology） ，with a husband as well as sons and daughters should sit in the sedan in advance.

    When picking up the bride， the bridegroom must ride on the horse and lead the bridal sedan into the bride's house. After the bride arrived at the bridegroom's house， the new couple will perform the formal wedding ceremony and the bride's face should be cleaned and her hair style should be changed. The following ritual is to worship some gods and father-in-law together with mother-in-law. In addition， the newly-married should serve for the relatives and friends. After finishing the rituals， the bride and bridegroom should eat dumplings which should be prepared by the bride's family and should be sent to the bridegroom's house together with the dowry by the old woman seeing the bride off.

    After entering the room， the bride should sit on the southern kang for the whole day， which is called "zuofu"（happiness can be brought by sitting on the kang）. When the night is coming， the bride entered the bridal chamber accompanied by bridesmaid and close relatives and friends. Newly-married couples can't blow out the fancy candles but fan out them when they want to enjoy the melody of bridal chamber.

    参考文献：

    [1] 杜学增.《中英（英语国家）文化习俗比较》， [M]， 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1997.

    [2] 乌丙安.《中国民俗学》，[M]，沈阳：辽宁大学出版社，1999.