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标题 快速康复护理在全膝关节置换围术期的应用效果
范文

    郑莉斯 黄乐平

    

    

    

    [摘要]目的 探討快速康复护理在全膝关节置换术围术期的应用效果。方法 选取2018年3~12月在我院住院行全膝关节置换术80例患者作为研究对象,按随机数字表法分成对照组和观察组,每组各40例。观察组给予符合快速康复外科理念的护理措施,对照组给予常规围手期护理,比较两组术后第1、3、7天的膝关节功能和疼痛情况,术后并发症总发生率、术后首次下床活动时间、住院时间及护理满意度评分。结果 术后第1、3、7天,观察组膝关节功能评分[(62.08±7.14)、(75.37±6.05)、(83.52±4.67)分]高于对照组[(58.02±6.69)、(72.22±5.82)、(78.26±5.39)分],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组疼痛评分[(6.33±1.54)、(4.53±1.12)、(2.36±1.04)分]均低于对照组[(7.27±1.36)、(5.29±1.53)、(3.22±0.98)分],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组术后并发症总发生率(10.00%)低于对照组(37.50%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组术后首次下床活动时间[(1.24±0.56)d]短于对照组[(2.46±0.84)d],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组住院时间[(6.82±1.62)d]短于对照组[(11.38±2.28)d],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组的护理满意度评分[(35.17±2.35)分]高于对照组[(33.55±2.08)分],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 快速康复护理能促进膝关节功能恢复,减轻疼痛,促进患者早期下床活动,缩短住院时间,提高患者的护理满意度评分。

    [关键词]快速康复;全膝关节置换;围术期;护理

    [中图分类号] R473.6 ? ? [文献标识码] A ? ? [文章编号] 1674-4721(2019)9(b)-0213-04

    Application effect of rapid rehabilitation nursing in perioperative period of total knee arthroplasty

    ZHENG Li-si1? ?HUANG Le-ping2

    1. Department of Orthopedic, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital? Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University Medical College, Guangdong Province, Guanzhou? ?510220, China; 2. Department of Radiology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital? Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University Medical College, Guangdong Province, Guanzhou? ?510220, China

    [Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect of rapid rehabilitation nursing in the perioperative period of total knee arthroplasty. Methods A total of 80 patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty in our hospital from March to December 2018 were selected and divided into control group and observation group according to the random number table method, 40 cases in each group. The observation group received nursing measures in line with the concept of rapid rehabilitation surgery, while the control group received routine perioperative nursing. The knee joint function and pain on the 1, 3 and 7th postoperative day, the postoperative complication rate, first time to get out of bed, hospital stay and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results On the 1, 3 and 7th postoperative day, the knee joint function scores of the observation group ([62.08±7.14], [75.37±6.05], [83.52±4.67] points) were higher than that of the control group ([58.02±6.69]. [72.22±5.82], [78.26±5.39]points), the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); the pain scores of the observation group ([6.33±1.54], [4.53±1.12], [2.36±1.04]points) were lower than that of the control group ([7.27±1.36], [5.29±1.53], [3.22±0.98]points), the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The postoperative complication rate in the observation group (10.00%) was lower than that in the control group (37.50%), the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The first time to get out of bed in the observation group ([1.24±0.56]d) was shorter than that in the control group ([2.46±0.84)d), the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); the hospital stay of the observation group ([6.82±1.62]d) was shorter than the control group ([11.38±2.28]d), the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The nursing satisfaction of the observation group ([35.17±2.35] points) was higher than that of the control group (33.55±2.08) points, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Rapid rehabilitation nursing can promote knee function recovery, relieve pain, promote early bed-out activities, shorten hospital stay, and improve patient satisfaction.

    3.2快速康复护理能降低术后并发症总发生率

    本研究结果显示,实施快速康复护理后,观察组的术后并发症总发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),提示快速康复护理能降低全膝关节置换术的并发症发生率,这与姚美华等[13]的研究结果相似。分析其原因,通过术前改善患者营养状况,增强了机体抵抗力。术后提早拔除尿管和引流管,减少了感染的风险。术前教会患者有效咳嗽、术后促进患者早期床上锻炼等措施,均有助于降低并发症的发生率。

    3.3快速康复护理能促进患者提早下床活动,缩短住院时间,提高患者满意度

    本研究结果显示,实施快速康复护理后,观察组术后早期下床活动时间早于对照组,住院时间短于对照组,且护理满意度评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),提示快速康复护理能促进患者早期下床活动,缩短住院时间,提高患者满意度,这与林销等[14-15]的研究结果相似。分析其原因,通过早期功能锻炼,促进了膝关节功能的恢复,增加了关节的力量和稳定性。患者的疼痛减轻,使其能够更好地配合治疗护理,促进早日康复。医护人员在围术期除给予患者疾病相关知识与技能指导外,还注重对患者的心理疏导,不仅有利于病情康复,同时也有助于建立良好的护患关系,提高患者满意度。

    综上所述,快速康复护理能有效促进全膝关节置换术患者膝关节功能康复,减轻术后疼痛,促进患者早期下床活动,减少术后并发症,缩短了住院时间,提高了患者的满意度。

    [参考文献]

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    (收稿日期:2019-03-11? 本文编辑:崔建中)

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