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标题 microRNA-1290在消化系统肿瘤中的研究进展
范文

    莫辉 徐岷

    [摘要] 微小RNA(microRNAs)是一类短的非编码RNA,大量研究表明其与恶性肿瘤的发生发展密切相关。microRNA-1290作为microRNAs家族的一员,近年来越来越多的研究发现其在多种消化系统肿瘤(包括食管癌、胃癌、胰腺癌、结直肠癌、肝脏肿瘤等)中表达异常,且可能与肿瘤的增殖、侵袭、迁移、凋亡及不良预后等密切相关,本文就microRNA-1290在多种消化系统肿瘤中研究进展作一综述,以期为基于microRNA-1290的抗肿瘤治疗研究提供新的思路。

    [关键词] 肿瘤;消化系统;微小RNA;microRNA-1290;研究进展

    [中图分类号] R57? ? ? ? ? [文献标识码] A? ? ? ? ? [文章编号] 1673-7210(2020)10(b)-0048-04

    [Abstract] MicroRNAs (microRNAs, miRNAs) are a type of short non-coding RNA. A large number of studies have shown that they are closely related to the occurrence and development of malignant tumors. As a member of the microRNAs family, microRNA-1290 has been increasingly researched in recent years and found in various digestive system tumors (including esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, liver tumor, etc.) The expression is abnormal, and may be closely related to tumor proliferation, invasion, migration, apoptosis and poor prognosis. This article reviews the research progress of microRNA-1290 in various digestive system tumors, hoping to provide new ideas for anti-tumor therupy research based on microRNA-1290.

    [Key words] Tumor; Digestive system; MicroRNA; MicroRNA-1290; Research progress

    微小RNA(microRNAs)是一類小分子的、内源性的、长度为18~25个核苷酸的单链非编码RNA,过去曾被认为是基因转录过程中的“噪音”。随着研究的深入,研究者发现他们在肿瘤的发生、发展过程发挥不可忽视的作用,其调控机制包括转录修饰和转录后修饰,前者包括组蛋白修饰、DNA甲基化:后者与抑制mRNA翻译和诱导降解密切相关[1]。本文就microRNA-1290(miR-1290)在多种消化系统肿瘤中研究进展作一综述,以期为基于miR-1290的抗肿瘤治疗研究提供新的思路。

    1 miR-1290的概述

    MiR-1290定位于1号染色体(1p33.13),序列为UGGAUUUGGAUCA.,首次发现于人胚胎干细胞。在人类基因组中,ALDH4AL的第一个内含子是由miR-1290编码的[2]。多项实验发现,miR-1290的异常上调与多种癌症的发生发展息息相关,如非小细胞肺癌[3]、口腔鳞状细胞癌[4]、高级别浆液性卵巢癌[5]等。一项最新的荟萃分析表明miR-1290在实体瘤患者外泌体中的高表达往往意味着较差的总体生存率[6]。

    2 miR-1290与消化系统肿瘤

    2.1 miR-1290与食管癌

    食管癌是最常见的消化道肿瘤之一[7],每年有超过48 000中国人患上了食管癌,是中国恶性肿瘤死亡的第四大主要原因[8],食管癌发生发展的早期诊断较为困难,且晚期食管癌常伴有广泛的局部浸润或区域性淋巴结转移,即使手术后5年生存率仍然在20%[9]。故而,熟悉食管癌发生和发展的分子机制对于确定食管癌新的治疗靶点起到至关重要的作用,早期关于分子机制的研究证实了RoAl-DIA1信号转导通路中的SCAI是miR-1290的靶基因之一,过表达的miR-1290显著加速了食管癌细胞ECA109和TE13细胞的迁移[10]。与癌旁组织和健康对照组比较,Mao等[11]采用荧光定量PCR发现食管癌组织及血清中miR-1290表达上调,且与NFIX蛋白呈负相关,进一步体外研究采用双荧光素酶联合小干扰RNA技术揭示了miR-1290可能通过作用于NFIX mRNA的3′-UTR来抑制nFIX表达,从而促进食管癌细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭。同样的,Sun等[12]通过收集临床样本也发现与对照组比较,食管鳞癌组织和血清miR-1290水平均显著升高。Pearson相关性分析提示两者高度相关,多因素分析显示,血清miR-1290是食管癌的独立危险因素。ROC曲线分析表明血清miR-1290可有效地区分食管鳞癌患者和正常对照组。且miR-1290的升高与患者有无淋巴结转移、分化程度、TNM分期存在显著相关性。生存分析显示高血清miR-1290常伴有不良的预后,提示miR-1290可作为诊断和判断预后的生物标志物。Xie等[13]通过分析检测100例样本中miR-1290表达水平也得出了相同的结论,当与靶基因NFIX联合评估时,可以作为合适的诊断和预测预后的食管癌生物标志物。当然这需要进行大规模多中心研究,以验证方案的敏感性和准确性。以上研究表明不仅为食管癌的早期诊断提供了新的思路,同时也为阐明食管癌的发病机制提供了一定的帮助。

    3 小結和展望

    综上所述,目前miR-1290在各种消化系统肿瘤中的研究取得了突破性的进展,其在肿瘤的生长、转移以及化疗耐药性方面发挥着不可忽视的作用。尽管我们对于miR-1290在肿瘤中的作用得到了一定的认知,但是,肿瘤的发生发展不是单因素的,miR-1290的研究还有待继续深入,相信随着研究的不断深入,miR-1290有望在消化道肿瘤的预测、诊断和靶向治疗中体现出重要的价值。

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    (收稿日期:2020-06-08)

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