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标题 高学历英语教师词汇教学新探索(个案研究)
范文

    陈慧钰

    随着教师教育的改革和推进,高学历人才进入中学工作已逐渐成为一种趋势。一直以来,新教师问题研究一直采用的是“缺陷视角”,把影响新手教师专业发展主要原因归结为繁重的教学任务、考试的压力以及课程设置等外部因素,而很少谈及教师本人的主观能动性等内部因素。本研究以江苏南京某位入职不久的两位中学英语新教师为研究对象,研究高学历新教师在词汇教学方面的新探索,促进教师理论水平、研究能力的提高。

    1. 研究方法

    1.1 问卷调查

    首先给两位教师分发问卷,了解初任期教师的对词汇教学的看法。问卷结果经过一定梳理见下表:

    1.2 教师的课堂实践分析

    教师A鼓励学生通过先查字典自主学习或者ppt提供字典截图,鼓励学生通过读英文释义来理解词义间的细微差别。二遍时以相关图片呈现,让学生所学单词或者结合其他已学单词想象场景,对图片进行合理的描述。三遍时提供一定支架,补充背景信息,让学生将口语表达的内容转变为微型写作。

    在讲“An Adventure in Africa”这一课时,学生与教师有这样的对话:

    T: “Why do you think Toby expect an adventure in Africa, not other continents?”

    S1: “Maybe Africa is a place where many mysteries and wonders(exist).”

    S2: “Maybe he lives near Africa and it costs less for travelling.”

    S3: “Because where he lives is very cold and he expects to go traveling in very hot places.”

    T: (smile)“Quite reasonable.Where do you expect to have an adventure? Why?”

    S1: “Egypt. Because there are a lot wonders and Pyramids, these are my favorite.”

    T: “That is one of my dreaming place, too. What about you, Bob?”

    S2: “Pakistan. I want to see whether everyone carries guns like reported. And to see how Chinese people live there.”

    All SS: “Wa!Violence!”

    T: “Now you have to work hard to be a diplomat (外交官) there.”

    S3: “I want to go to Dibai to climb the highest building!”

    T: “How bold you are!Are you going to take some selfies?”

    S3: “No, because I am afraid of height!I am just dreaming!”

    All SS&T: “Haha!”

    这样的对话,让学生能够以世界的眼光去思考和表达,积极使用目标词汇,也锻炼了口语表达能力。

    在课后访谈中,该教师解释说,词汇不能单独记忆,以词块进行记忆,可提升学生的词汇记忆效果,使表达更加准确,流利。课标在语言能力方面,由过去的“听,说,读,写”增加了“看”。看在英文里对应的单词是“viewing”,所以利用多模态的图形,动画等进行大量的可理解的输入,确保学生的高效吸收。同时将词块学习与口语讨论结合起來,强化词块的输出。词汇学习中穿插口语活动,这样的活动往往要求学生根据自身经历,运用目标词块回答或判断,评价,做到了词块的个性化。微写作的形式进一步内化了学生词汇的运用能力,使之前的口语活动不再流于形式。

    教师B在词汇处理方面创造性地借助语料库处理目标词汇。语料库能提供大量的真实,自然的语料,统计出来的搭配为教学提供了可靠的依据。教师将检索结果截图到ppt使用或者利用学校电脑联网直接在课堂上进行语料库在线检索,即兴灵活地展示语言信息。她常用的语料库是“JTW(just the word)”。

    教师让学生观察并讨论其搭配词的特点,然后尝试分类。教师可随时点开搭配词的语境共现项,让学生在语境中大声朗读并猜测词块的含义。通过一系列的对比分析,学生对该词和词的多种搭配印象深刻。

    如在讲“worth,worthy,worthwhile”时,三个都表示“值得的”,但使用语法结构不同。该教师在语料库分别检索三个目标词,筛选合适的索引行并建成微型语料文本,然后利用免费检索工具检索“worth”,让学生观察索引行,并总结三者在语法结构上的差异。

    课后案例讨论时她说《课标》提出要充分利用现代信息技术,拓宽学习渠道,提高学习效率。在英语词汇教学中使用语料库能提高学生学习词汇的效率,让学生体验真实的使用环境。语料库拥有的巨量真实语料,快捷准确的信息检索和提取为教学提供了新的理念。

    除此之外,这两位教师还特别注重基于语篇的词块教学,着重强化话题词块和模板词块。并将课本文本与写作有机结合起来,采取以读促写的教学模式。首先学生快速阅读,找出与话题相关的词块或短语;然后在教师的引导下,再进行深度阅读,梳理出语篇的连接语和可供模仿的句式归纳出文章的语篇模式。比如某一单元话题是“Internet”,围绕该话题的词块较多,教师先让同学自行查找标出话题词块和模板词块,如:relate to others, the first source to turn to, abundant information, gather information, build social bonds, a positive tool; inaccurate information, more of a problem, troublesome, lie about the products, spend their time apart, damage peoples ability to live normal lives.学生的答案较为零散,教师以好处/坏处两个大的方面板书分类,带学生一起整理,并朗读。学生笔记如下:

    优:look for valuable information/relate to others/the first source to turn to/up-to-date(accurate/abundant) information/employ it to search for/build solid bonds/correspond/relate to others/have more avenues to meet people

    劣:a waste of time/have not been evaluated for accuracy/affect peoples private lives/families spend their time apart/withdraw from the world/be addicted and drop our

    然后,通过句子填空,图片描述的方式帮助学生重复聚焦重点词块。例如Whenever we encounter sth we dont know, Internet is the

    (第一个求助资源)。

    Many sales online ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? (虚假宣传), which has posed a threat to offline stores

    We have to trust government pages rather than personal pages where the information is ? ? ? ? ? and ? ? ? ? ?.

    Special groups like disabled people can ? ? ? ? ? and

    (通信和联系) around the globe who have similar interests.

    课本中提供的结构性语块也较多,如The first is that...the second is that/they claim that.../the second most common use, for many people, is to.../statistics prove that.../another truly wonderful aspect is that../one of the great benefits is that...教师在课堂梳理课文时,由于他们已经提前预习过,围绕课文直接提问并展开讨论。如:What is the most common use of internet for most people? How does the internet change the way people spend their time?where can we find more accurate information? Compared to online reference materials , what are the pluses or minuses of traditional reference materials?回答要求尽可能多地使用课文中出现的相关语块和句型组块发表自己的看法,再一次进行词块的内化;最后设置语境,补充产出性写作练习,活用语块。

    学生习作如下(选取了一段,单下划线是结构性语块,双下划线是话题词块)

    There are many positive effects of the internet and the most common one, for most people, is to gather information. One great strength is that the internet provides up-to-date information and abundant information. Whenever i have some problem, i can turn to the internet and it always give me satisfying answers. Anyway, some of the information have not been evaluated for accuracy so you have to select it carefully. It is acknowledged that the government information are more reliable than personal pages.

    整个教学过程教师有意识地串连课文中相关语块的讲解,强调在有计划有目的的教学模式下学得和习得语块,学生有意识地把学过的话题语块运用到自己的作文中,进行模仿和再创造。多次训练后,学生口语和写作能力明显提高。

    2. 结论

    从两位被受研究者的课堂实践情况来看,这两位新教师对新课程有较为深刻的理解并能创新性地将理念和教学实践相结合,形成自己的词汇教学方式,并且能活化到口语和写作中去。雖然面对各种困难时会有焦虑感,但是她们具有极强的可塑性,不断实践反思,构建自己对课堂教学实践的理解,促进自我的可持续发展。

    (作者单位:南京市第三高级中学)

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更新时间:2025/2/11 2:33:29