| 单词 | be |
| 释义 | b/e = bill of exchange , bank of england be linking verbbe ♦︎ total ♦︎ equal ♦︎ add up to sth ♦︎ amount to sth ♦︎ number ♦︎ run to sththese words all mean to reach a particular number or amount when all numbers/amounts have been added together.这些词均表示总计、总和等于。patterns and collocations 句型和搭配◆to be / total / equal / add up to / amount to / number / run to 50 / 2 million, etc.◆to be / total / equal / add up to / amount to / run to $250 / 75%◆to be / total / add up to / amount to / number / run to about / around / approximately sth◆to be / total / add up to / amount to / number / run to nearly / almost / over / more than / at least sth◆to be / total / add up to / amount to / number fewer than / no more than sth◆to be / total / add up to / amount to less than sth◆to total / amount to / number / run to some 50, 300, pages, pieces, etc.◆profits / scores total / add up to / amount to sth◆income totals / adds up to / amounts to sth◆a / an group / crowd / army totals / numbers 25, 1000, etc.■ be to be the same in size, quantity, value, etc. as sth else（大小、数量、价值等）与⋯相等，等于◆three and three is six.三加三等于六。◆how much is a thousand pounds in euros?一千英镑合多少欧元？◆let x be the sum of a and b.设 x 为 a 加 b 之和。■ total (-ll-, name -l-) (especially business尤用于商业) to reach a particular number or amount when added together总数达；共计◆imports totalled $1.5 billion last year.去年的进口总额达 15 亿美元。◆in 2005-6, college enrolments totalled some 5 400.2005 至 2006 学年大学招生总数约为 5 400 人。 ➡ see also total → whole adj. ■ equal (-ll-, name -l-)to be the same in size, quantity, value, etc. as sth else（大小、数量、价值等）与⋯相等，等于◆2x plus y equals 7 (2x+y=7) 2x 加 y 等于 7。◆a metre equals 39.38 inches.1 米等于 39.38 英寸。 ➡ see also equal → equal adj. note 辨析 be or equal?in some cases you can use either word.在有些情况下这两个词可以通用◆three and three is / equals six.三加三等于六。◆let x be / equal the sum of a and b.设 x 为 a 加 b 之和。however, equal is not usually used in questions.不过，equal 通常不用于疑问句中◆how much does a thousand pounds equal in euros? it is slightly more formal than be and is usually only used in exact sums. * equal 比 be 稍正式，通常只用于表示确切的数目◆a metre is about / around / approximately 40 inches.1 米约等于 40 英寸◆a metre equals about/around/approximately 40 inches. ■ add up to sth -->phrasal verbto make a total amount or number of sth总共是；总计为◆the numbers add up to exactly 100.这些数字的总和恰好是 100。◆their earnings were £250, £300 and £420, adding up to a total of £970.他们的收入分别是 250 英镑、300 英镑和 420 英镑，共计 970 英镑。■ amount to sth -->phrasal verbto reach a particular number or amount when added together总计为；共计◆his earnings are said to amount to £300 000 per annum.据说他每年的酬金高达 30 万英镑。■ number to make a particular number when added together总计；共计；数以⋯计◆the crowd numbered more than a thousand.聚集的人群共计一千多人。◆we numbered 20 (= there were 20 of us in the group).我们总共 20 人。note 辨析 total, add up to sth, amount to sth or number? add up to and number can be used to emphasize the process of calculating a total through mathematics or counting; total and amount to sth focus more on the number/amount rather than the process of arriving at the result. total and amount to sth are used especially in business writing when describing the performance of a company or industry. number usually has people as the subject of the sentence; total is the only other verb that can be used like this. * add up to 和 number 强调通过计算得出总数的过程； total 和 amount to sth 更着重于得出的数目或数量，而非计算的过程。total 和 amount to sth 尤用于描述公司或产业业绩的商业写作中。number 的主语通常是人，本组同义词中只有 total 也可这么用◆the crew totalled / numbered sixteen.机组人员共计十六人。◆the crew added up to/amounted to sixteen. ■ run to sth -->phrasal verbto be of a particular size or amount, especially when this is surprisingly large达到，有（尤指惊人的规模或数量）◆the book runs to nearly 800 pages.这本书有近 800 页。◆the cost of repairing damaged roads alone will run to £1 million.单是修复损毁道路的花费就将达到 100 万英镑。 beto be the same in size, quantity, value, etc. as sth else（大小、数量、价值等）与⋯相等，等于◆three and three is six.三加三等于六。◆how much is a thousand pounds in euros?一千英镑合多少欧元？◆let x be the sum of a and b.设 x 为 a 加 b 之和。 belinking verb (especially spoken) to cost需花费；价格为◆'how much is that dress?' 'eighty dollars.'“那条连衣裙多少钱？”“八十元。”be-/bi ||; bɪ/prefix1. (in verbs 用于构成动词) to make or treat sb/sth as 使；视作: ◇they befriended him. 他们对他以朋友相待。 2. (in adjectives ending in -ed 用于构成以 -ed 结尾的形容词) wearing or covered with 戴；穿；覆盖以: ◇bejewelled 戴着珠宝的 be¹/bi;strong form bi: ||; bɪ; bi/verb1. linking verb there is/are to exist; to be present 存在；有: ◇i tried phoning them but there was no answer. 我尝试打电话给他们，但是没有人接。◇there are some people outside. 有些人在外面。◇there are a lot of trees in our garden. 我们的花园里有许多树。 2. [i] used to give the position of sb/sth or the place where sb/sth is situated （用于表示位置）: ◇katrina's in her office. 卡特里娜在她的办公室里。◇where are the scissors? 剪刀在哪里？◇the bus stop is five minutes' walk from here. 公共汽车站从这里去要走五分钟的路。◇st tropez is on the south coast. 圣特罗佩位于南岸。 3. linking verb used to give the date or age of sb/sth or to talk about time （用于表示日期、年岁或时间）: ◇my birthday is on april 24th. 我的生日在4月24日。◇it's 6 o'clock. 现在是6点钟。◇it was tuesday yesterday. 昨天是星期二。◇sue'll be 21 in june. 苏到六月就满21岁。◇he's older than miranda. 他的年龄比米兰达大。◇it's ages since i last saw him. 我上次见他以来已经很久了。 4. linking verb used when you are giving the name of people or things, describing them or giving more information about them （用于提及名字或名称、形容或描述人或事物）: ◇this is my father, john. 这是我的父亲约翰。◇i'm alison. 我是艾莉森。◇he's italian. he's from milan. 他是意大利人，来自米兰。◇he's a doctor. 他是个医生。◇what's that? 那是什么？◇a lion is a mammal. 狮子是哺乳动物。◇‘what colour is your car?’ ‘it's green.’ “你的汽车是什么颜色的？”“绿色。”◇how much was your ticket? 你的票多少钱？◇the film was excellent. 那部电影好极了。◇she's very friendly. 她很友善。◇‘how is your wife?’ ‘she's fine, thanks.’ “你的妻子怎么样？”“她很好，谢谢。” 5. [i] (only used in the perfect tenses 只用于完成时) to go to a place (and return) 去某地（又回来）；去过: ◇have you ever been to japan? 你去过日本吗？ compare has/have gone julia's gone to the doctor's(= she hasn't returned yet). julia's been to the doctor's today(= she has returned). 与 has／have gone 比较：julia's gone to the doctor's. 朱莉娅看医生去了（她还没有回来）。julia's been to the doctor's today. 朱莉娅今天去看过医生了（她已经回来了）。 be yourself to act naturally 行事自然: ◇don't be nervous; just be yourself and the interview will be fine. 别紧张，只要尽量自然一些，面试就不会有问题。 -to-be (used to form compound nouns 用于构成复合名词) future 未来的: ◇his bride-to-be 他的未婚妻◇mothers-to-be(= pregnant women) 快做妈妈的妇女（孕妇） be²/bi;strong form bi: ||; bɪ; bi/auxiliary verb 1. used with a past participle to form the passive; used with a present participle to form the continuous tenses 用以和过去分词连用构成被动语态；用以和现在分词连用构成进行时 ☞look at the quick grammar reference section at the back of this dictionary. 参看本词典末“语法便览”部份。 2. be to do sth used to show that sth must happen or that sth has been arranged （用于表示必然会发生或已经安排好）: ◇you are to leave here at 10 o'clock at the latest. 你最晚得在10点钟离开这里。 3. if sb/sth were to do sth used to show that sth is possible but not very likely （用于表示有可能，但可能性不大）: ◇if they were to offer me the job, i'd probably take it. 如果他们真的雇用我，我大概会接受。 be1 to be something2 when a group of people or things form something together3 to form a particular part or amount of somethingrelated wordssee alsoconsist of,meaning,1. to be something 是某物；成为某物 be /bi, strong biː/ [verb] sacramento is the capital of california. 萨克拉门托是加州的首府。 laurence olivier was the greatest actor of his generation. 劳伦斯·奥利维尔是他那个时代最伟大的男演员。 the state of the economy is our biggest problem. 经济状况是我们当前最大的问题。 the somme was the bloodiest battle of the first world war. 索姆河战役是第一次世界大战中最为血腥的一场战斗。 when it's finished, it will be the biggest office development in europe. 完工之后，这儿将成为欧洲最大的商务区。 represent /ˌreprɪˈzent/ [transitive verb not in progressive] represent an improvement/an obstacle/a challenge etc formal used to say that something, especially something important or serious, should be thought of as a particular thing 【正式】应视为进步/障碍/挑战等 there is no doubt that this new type of tyre represents a major advance in road safety. 毫无疑问，这种新轮胎意味着道路交通安全方面的一大进步。 einstein's theory represented a significant departure from previous theories. 爱因斯坦的理论标志着他在很大程度上脱离了旧有的理论。 form /fɔːʳm/ [transitive verb] if something forms something else, it has physical qualities that gives it a particular purpose or makes it have a particular effect 形成，构成 the river formed a natural boundary between the two countries. 这条河在两个国家之间形成了一道自然分界线。 oils produced by the skin form a protective barrier against infection and disease. 皮肤分泌的油脂构成了一道预防感染与疾病的屏障。 make /meɪk/ [verb] to have the necessary qualities to be a particular thing or a particular type of person 成为［某种东西或某种人］ he'll make a good father. 他会成为一个好父亲。 this sofa doesn't make much of a bed. 这张沙发不大能当床睡。 you're quick but you'll never make a football player. 你速度很快，但你永远也成不了一名足球运动员。 constitute /ˈkɒnstɪtjuːt, ˈkɒnstətjuːtǁˈkɑːnstə̇tuːt/ [transitive verb] formal if actions or behaviour constitute something, they are officially or legally considered as being that thing 【正式】［举动或行为从官方或法律观点来看］构成 the local authority decided that the present housing conditions constituted a risk for the mother and baby. 地方当局认为目前的居住环境已对该母亲及婴儿构成了危险。 the spread of international crime and corruption constitutes a major threat to the global economy. 跨国犯罪与贪污现象的蔓延对全球经济构成了重大威胁。2. when a group of people or things form something together 由一组人或物构成某物 make up/form /ˌmeɪk ˈʌp, fɔːʳm/ [verb] to be part of a particular group of people or to be the thing on which something else is based 构成，组成 the six states that make up new england are maine, vermont, new hampshire, massachusetts, connecticut and rhode island. 组成新英格兰的六个州是缅因州、佛蒙特州、新罕布什尔州、马萨诸塞州、康涅狄格州以及罗得岛州。 these seven people made up the entire population of oakminster. 这七个人构成了奥克明斯特的全部人口。 the results of these studies formed the basis of state education policy in the 1960s. 这些研究的结果成了20世纪60年代国家教育政策的基础。 constitute /ˈkɒnstɪtjuːt, ˈkɒnstətjuːtǁˈkɑːnstə̇tuːt/ [transitive verb not in progressive] formal if a number of people or things together constitute something, they are the parts that together form that thing 【正式】构成，组成 alaska is the largest of the fifty states that constitute the usa. 阿拉斯加是构成美国的50个州中最大的一个。 it is sometimes difficult to believe that the different groups living within our borders constitute a single society. 有时很难相信生活在我国境内的各个不同的群体竟会构成一个单一的社会。 because journalists don't think the congressman constitutes much of a threat, they don't write or broadcast stories about him. 新闻记者认为那位国会议员不会构成什么威胁，所以就不在报上或电台电视节目中报道他的消息了。 add up to /ˌæd ˈʌp tuː/ [transitive phrasal verb not in progressive] if a group of different things add up to something, together they are that thing or they provide what is needed for the thing to exist ［不同的事物］构成；结果是 good wine, excellent food, and interesting company - it all added up to a splendid evening. 美酒佳肴、良友作伴，这一切构成了一个极为美妙的晚上。 it adds up to a recipe for financial disaster. 这结果会酿成经济灾难。3. to form a particular part or amount of something 一些人或物形成某物的一部分 account for/represent /əˈkaʊnt fɔːʳ, ˌreprɪˈzent/ [transitive phrasal verb not in progressive/transitive verb not in progressive] to be a particular amount or part of something 占；占有 in japan, firms employing over 1000 people accounted for 50% of total employment. 在日本，员工超过1,000人的企业所聘的雇员人数占全部就业人数的50%。 this project alone represents half of the department's budget. 光是这一项目的经费就相当于该部门预算的一半。 women now represent 48% of the workforce. 目前妇女占了总劳动力的48%。 constitute /ˈkɒnstɪtjuːt, ˈkɒnstətjuːtǁˈkɑːnstə̇tuːt/ [transitive verb not in progressive] to be a particular part of something - use this especially to talk about scientific or official facts and figures 组成，构成［尤用于陈述科学或官方事实和数据］ children constitute four out of every ten poor people in the united states. 美国每十个穷人中就有四个是儿童。 nitrogen constitutes 78% of the earth's atmosphere. 氮气占地球大气的78%。☞ be¹☞ be² |
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