标题 | 预见性护理对剖宫产瘢痕部位妊娠围术期并发症的干预效果 |
范文 | 包倩倩 柴泽英 崔娅滢
[摘要] 目的 探討预见性护理对剖宫产瘢痕部位妊娠围术期并发症的干预效果。 方法 选取自2016年7月~2018年12月我院接诊的134例剖宫产瘢痕部位妊娠产妇为研究对象。按照随机数字表法将产妇分为对照组(n=67)和研究组(n=67)。对照组产妇予以常规传统护理,研究组产妇予以预见性护理。观察比较两组产妇临床指标、并发症情况以及护理满意度。 结果 研究组产妇术中出血量(201.19±12.43)mL明显少于对照组(310.55±16.52)mL,研究组产妇住院时间、肛门排气时间、初次母乳喂养时间[(7.46±2.47)d、(14.61±3.60)h、(15.38±2.57)h]均明显短于对照组[(11.78±3.61)d、(24.48±5.61)h、(25.76±4.64)h],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组产妇术中并发症发生率(5.97%)明显低于对照组(25.37%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组产妇术后并发症发生率(8.95%)明显低于对照组(25.38%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组产妇护理满意度(94.03%)明显高于对照组(82.09%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论 对剖宫产瘢痕部位妊娠产妇予以围术期预见性护理效果满意,减少产妇术中出血量,缩短手术时间和初次母乳喂养时间。有效降低产妇术中、术后并发症发生率,进一步提高产妇对护理的满意度,值得各地医院推广。 [关键词] 瘢痕部位妊娠;剖宫产;预见性护理;围术期;并发症 [中图分类号] R473.71? ? ? ? ? [文献标识码] B? ? ? ? ? [文章编号] 1673-9701(2020)22-0166-04 Interventional effect of predictive nursing on perioperative complications of cesarean section scar pregnancy BAO Qianqian1? ?CHAI Zeying2? ?CUI Yaying1 1.Operating Room,Taizhou Hospital in Zhejiang Province,Taizhou 317000,China;2.Department of Gynecology,Taizhou Hospital in Zhejiang Province,Taizhou 317000,China [Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect of predictive nursing on perioperative complications of cesarean section scar pregnancy. Methods A total of 134 pregnant women with cesarean section scars who were admitted to our hospital from July 2016 to December 2018 were enrolled. Maternal women were divided into control group(n=67) and study group(n=67) according to the random number table method. The pregnant women in the control group were given routine traditional care, and the maternal women in the study group were given predictive nursing. The clinical indicators, complications and nursing satisfaction of the two groups were observed and compared. Results The intraoperative blood loss(201.19±12.43) mL in the study group was significantly less than that of the control group(310.55±16.52) mL. The maternal hospitalization time, anal exhaust time, and initial breastfeeding time in the study group[(7.46±2.47)d,(14.61±3.60)h, (15.38±2.57)h] were significantly shorter than those of the control group [(11.78±3.61)d, (24.48±5.61)h, (25.76±4.64)h], and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The incidence of intraoperative complications in the study group(5.97%) was significantly lower than that in the control group(25.37%), and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications in the study group(8.95%) was significantly lower than that of the control group(25.38%), and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The maternal satisfaction with nursing(94.03%) in the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group(82.09%), and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion The perioperative predictive nursing for pregnant women with cesarean section scars has satisfactory results, which can reduce the amount of bleeding during maternal surgery, shorten the operation time and initial breastfeeding time. And it can effectively reduce the incidence of complications during and after surgery, and further improve maternal satisfaction with nursing. It is worth promoting in hospitals around the world. 两组产妇年龄、孕周、距上次剖宫产时间等一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);研究组产妇术中出血量明显少于对照组,研究组产妇住院时间、肛门排气时间、初次母乳喂养时间均明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表1。 2.2 两组产妇术中并发症发生情况比较 两组产妇术中均有出现不同程度并发症,研究组产妇术中并发症发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表2。 2.3 两组产妇术后并发症发生情况比较 两组产妇术后均有出现不同程度并发症,研究组产妇术后并发症发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表3。 2.4两组产妇护理满意度比较 研究组产妇护理满意度明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表4。 3 讨论 近年来,更多的产妇选择剖宫产手术进行生产,同时医学技术水平的不断发展提高,使得手术的安全性有了较大的提升。但是在剖宫产手术过程中,会给产妇的子宫造成外源性的创伤,有较高的可能会出现子宫瘢痕,在临床医学上这种情况被称之为瘢痕子宫[6-7]。随着近几年我国二胎政策的放开,越来越多的家庭选择二胎,瘢痕子宫在产妇再次妊娠时,所带来的风险极高,并容易出现多种并发症,如产后出血、切口感染、瘙痒疼痛等,不仅对产妇的生命安全造成影响,同时也影响着新生儿的生产质量[8-10]。有相关研究指出,孕囊着床于瘢痕处对产妇的生产具有较大影响,增加了手术的风险,在剖宫产手术中,应尽量避开瘢痕组织,降低手术的难度与风险[11]。因此,在围术期进行预见性护理,可以减少并发症的发生,降低产妇的分娩风险,有效保证产妇与新生儿的身心健康,对产科及产妇均具有十分重要的意义[12]。 预见性护理是产科对产妇进行临床护理的重要组成部分。在产妇围术期进行预见性护理具有极高的应用价值,该护理模式以提高患者治疗效果、提高护理质量为护理核心,及时预防与及时处理为护理模式重点,在围术期采用有助于剖宫产手术的顺利完成[13-14]。在围术期对产妇患者进行预见性护理干预,对患者进行心理、精神、生理全方位的干预护理,即保证了手术的治疗效果,同时又提高了产妇对护理的满意度[15]。在术前对产妇进行积极的产前健康宣教,进行一定程度上的心理辅导,可以有效帮助产妇缓解心理压力,消除产妇不良情绪,积极配合护理;及时了解产妇自身的身体状态,根据产妇的子宫颈开口状态,合理使用催产素,缩短产妇产程[16-18]。在手术过程中对产床进行加温加热,减少皮肤的暴露,保持患者处于一个舒适的环境中,降低产妇并发症发生的几率[19]。在术后积极对产妇进行心理辅导,注意饮食情况和个人卫生,时刻关注产妇的身体变化,有利于减轻患者的切口疼痛、流血情况;预防院内感染,帮助产妇成功完成第一次母乳喂养,并进一步降低术后并发症的发生率[20]。 本研究显示,两组产妇分别进行常规传统护理与预见性护理。采用预见性护理的产妇住院时间、肛门排气时间、初次母乳喂养时间均短于采用传统护理方式的产妇,证明预见性护理方式在护理质量上更具优势,对产妇的护理更加到位;在两组患者术中并发症情况的比较上,采用预见性护理的产妇并发症发生率明显低于采用传统护理方式的產妇,预见性护理针对产妇术中可能出现并发症进行预先防范,使出现低血压、低体温情况的产妇更少,进而降低并发症发生率,术中护理效果更加明显;在两组患者术后并发症情况的比较上,采用预见性护理的产妇出现子宫破裂、产后出血、感染等情况的产妇明显少于采用传统护理的产妇,预见性护理针对产妇术后可能出现并发症进行预先防范,进而降低子宫破裂、产后出血、感染等并发症发生率;在两组产妇护理满意度程度的比较上,采用预见性护理的产妇满意度相较于采用传统护理的产妇更高,证明产妇及家属更加认可预见性护理,对护理结果较为满意。 综上所述,对剖宫产瘢痕部位妊娠产妇予以围术期预见性护理效果满意,减少产妇术中出血量,同时缩短手术时间和初次母乳喂养时间。预见性护理针对产妇术中及术后可能出现并发症的预先防范,有效降低产妇术中、术后并发症发生率,进一步提高产妇对护理的满意度,临床护理价值高,值得各地医院推广。 [参考文献] [1] 王丽英. 剖宫产瘢痕部位妊娠病人的护理观察[J]. 实用临床护理学杂志,2017,2(47):111-113. 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