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标题 高中英语完形填空答题策略例谈
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    【摘要】完形填空是高中英语试卷中综合性最强的题型,对词义的辨析、语篇的理解等有很高要求。笔者根据工作经验,针对近年来对完形填空的考查趋势,总结四种“找提示”的应对策略,使考生在试卷上获得满意的结果。

    【关键词】完形填空 ?考查趋势 ?应对策略 ?找提示

    【中图分类号】G633.41 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】2095-3089(2019)51-0099-01

    完形填空是高中英语试卷中综合性最强的题型,对词义的辨析、语篇的理解等有很高要求。完形填空主要从两个维度来考查学生,一是学生的思辨能力和理解能力,二是学生对词汇的运用能力。学生通过理性思考、恰当的技巧和方法,就可以在试卷上获得满意的结果。下面是笔者的一些经验习得。

    一、完形填空考查趋势

    第一,以夹叙夹议的文章为主。

    第二,注重文章逻辑性与完整性,单纯考查语法与词义辨析试题在逐步减少。

    第三,近年来更注重对实词的考查,淡化语法的考查。

    二、完形填空答题策略

    学生在做完形填空时,要把握作者的意图,切忌人为设定框架,将个人观点与臆断代入文章中。第一遍通读时,一定要把握文章的线索,按照故事发展的线索合理地预判;第二遍阅读时,结合文章线索和所给的四个选项的词意来对号入座。下面是笔者针对完形填空的应对策略——找提示。

    第一,连词是最好的提示。常见有并列连词和从属连词。并列连词的重要性远大于从属连词,如关键词but,and,or,so等。下面是2014年全国Ⅱ卷的完形填空节选:

    Example 1

    Joe Simpson and Simon Yates were the first people to climb the West Face of the Siula Grande in the Andes mountains. They reached the top __21__, but on their way back conditions were very __22__. Joe fell and broke his leg. They both know that if Simon __23__ alone, he would probably get back __24__. But Simon decided to risk his __25__ and try to lower Joe down the mountain on a rope(绳).

    21.A. hurriedly B. carefully C. successfully D. early

    22.A difficult ? B. similar C. special D. normal

    23.A. climbed B. worked ? C. rested ? D. continued

    24.A. unwillingly B. safely C. slowly D. regretfully

    25.A. fortune ? B. time ? C. health ? D. life

    通過阅读这段文章,首先可以看出Joe和 Simon 爬上了山顶,而连词but 转折及后面的提示词fell and broke his leg,可以判断出下山的路是很艰难的,所以答案21、22题是C和A。其次关键词alone和get back就可以判断出23和24题答案C和D; 连词but、and 和 risk ones life ,故25题 答案是D。

    由此可以看出连词 but, along, and 等在阅读完形填空时的重要性,它可以帮助我们理清文章的脉络,提高答题的准确率。

    第二,最近与最远的提示。最近的提示可能就是上一个词或下一下词,上一句话或下一句话;最远的提示也不能脱离文章。下面是2015年全国1卷的一篇完形填空。

    Example 2 (最近的提示)

    My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend. On the way, we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said, “__41__ my job. Family to Feed.”…My 10-year-old noticed him and make a __43__ on how bad it must be to have to stand in the cold wind.

    41.A. Lost ? B. Changed C. Quit ? D. Finished

    43.A. suggestion ? B. comment ? C. decision ?D. call

    根据看到纸上写的内容“Family to feed”,可以判断此人丢失了工作,短语lose ones job失业,故41题选A。而“how bad it must be to have to stand in the cold wind”,这是一种评论,make a comment on…发表看法,所以答案是B。这两个关键的提示句都是紧邻选空,帮助我们分析判断选项。

    Example 3(最远的提示)

    Then my 17-year-old son suggested giving him a __47__. I thought about it. We were __48__ on cash ourselves, but ... well, sometimes __49__ from our need instead of our abundance is just what we need to do!...

    When I handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for ... he burst into tears.

    47.A. dollar B. job C. hot meal D. gift card

    48.A. easy ? B. low ? C. soft ? D. loose

    49.A. giving ? B. saving C. spending ? D. begging

    47题,到底给了什么,我们看到最后一段,远处的提示:handed him the gift card就可以判断出答案是D。而48题通过 on cash 和 from our need instead of our abundance,可以看出他们的钱不但没有富余的,而且很少。形容价格的高和低,常常用high和low,故48题选B,49题只能选A。

    第三,把握文章走向与故事发展脉络。下面是2019年兰州市高考一诊完形填空试题节选,也是错误率较高的部分。

    Example 4

    The reply of the ?__26__ was “suck it up”(不要抱怨). The truth is that the complaining campers were __27__ near the point of __28__. If they had been, the teachers would have noticed the __29__ and give them care.

    26.A. parents B. teachers C. guides ? D. partners

    27.A. somewhere B. anywhere

    C. nowhere ? D. everywhere

    28.A. camp ? B. exhaustion

    C. mountain ? D. destination

    29.A. signs B. activities C. gestures ? D. scenes

    25題之前讲的是抱怨事情的出现,由“teachers would have noticed”,可以判断26题选B;通过if引导的虚拟语气句意,可以推出身体还没有达到筋疲力尽的程度或迹象,所以27题选C,28题选B,29题选A。这道题就是完全顺着文章的走向和故事发展的脉络理解。所以在做完形填空时,遇到问题不要紧张,一点点找出线索,并将线索串联,文章就会慢慢理解,答案也就逐渐找出。

    第四,见到名词与动词——考虑主谓,动宾关系。下面是2019年兰州市高考一诊试题节选。

    Example 5

    Instead, if you determine to master your own __39__, to move past it and focus on a solution, its my experience that you will realize it wasnt bad in the first place.

    39.A. life B. mind C. suffering D. mistake

    动词master和move past 的宾语是同一个词,跨过的只能是苦难,故答案是C。

    以上就是笔者的几点经验之谈,如何做好完形填空,先决条件,还是要有充实的词汇储备,不能仅限于近义词,易混词,动词短语,介词短语等的了解和掌握,还要学会基本句法知识,以文章为载体,吃透理解语篇等,做到逢山开路,遇水搭桥,见招拆招,就可以实现高分的梦想。

    作者简介:

    谷小云(1967年9月-),女,汉族,陕西省武功县人,大学本科,高级教师,主要从事英语教学和现代教育技术方面工作。

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更新时间:2025/2/10 22:43:30