| 单词 | bureaucracy |
| 释义 | bureaucracy noun¹ 1administrative system行政系统adjective➤huge, large, massive, vast庞大的行政体系➤bloated臃肿的行政体系▸➤federal, government, state联邦／政府／国家行政机构bureaucracy noun² 2official rules and procedures规章手续adjective | verb + bureaucracy adjective➤cumbersome, excessive, unnecessary繁琐多余的手续；繁文缛节➤administrative, corporate行政的／公司的规章手续verb + bureaucracy➤cut, eliminate, reduce消除官僚主义；减少官僚程序◆the organization has promised to eliminate unnecessary bureaucracy.该组织已承诺消除不必要的规章制度。➤create, increase使规章手续更繁琐 bureaucracy /bjʊərɒkrəsi; name bjʊrɑːk-/ noun [uncountable] the system of official rules and ways of doing things that an organization or a government has, especially when these seem to be too complicated 官僚主义；官僚作风◆importers have to deal with high taxes and complex bureaucracy. 进口商必须应付高税收和复杂的官僚作风。 syn red tape ☞ bureaucracy bureaucracy nounbureaucracy ♦︎ paperwork ♦︎ red tape ♦︎ rules and regulationsthese are all words for official rules or ways of doing things, such as filling in forms, especially when these seem too complicated and waste time.这些词均表示官僚作风、繁文缛节。patterns and collocations 句型和搭配◆unnecessary / too much / endless bureaucracy / paperwork / red tape◆government bureaucracy / red tape / rules and regulations◆to involve bureaucracy / paperwork / red tape◆to reduce / cut bureaucracy / paperwork / red tape◆to deal with bureaucracy / paperwork■ bureaucracy /bjʊərɒkrəsi; name bjʊrɑːkrəsi/ [uncountable] (often disapproving) official rules and ways of doing things, created by a government or organization, especially when these seem too complicated官僚主义；官僚作风◆she is initiating a project to eliminate unnecessary bureaucracy.她正发起一项计划，清除不必要的官僚作风。 ➡ see also bureaucracy → authorities , bureaucrat → official noun ■ paperwork /peɪpəwɜːk; name peɪpərwɜːrk/ [uncountable] the written work that is part of a job or is necessary to do sth, such as filling in forms or writing letters and reports文书工作◆she spent the day catching up on the vast mound of paperwork that had built up.她花了一天的时间补做积攒下来的一大堆文案工作。ⓘ paperwork is not always as disapproving as bureaucracy or red tape. it often refers to written work which people accept as necessary, even if they do not like dealing with it and would rather spend their time doing other things. it can also refer to the documents that you need for sth. * paperwork 并非总像 bureaucracy 或 red tape 那样带贬义，常指人们视之为必要的文书工作，即便他们不愿处理而宁愿去做其他事情。paperwork 还可指做某事所需的文件。 ➡ see also paperwork → document ■ red tape [uncountable] (disapproving, journalism新闻) official rules that seem too complicated and prevent things from being done quickly繁文缛节；官僚作风◆plans may take longer and involve more red tape than you expect.计划实施起来也许比预料中花更长时间，手续更繁杂。■ rules and regulations -->phraseofficial rules and ways in which things should be done规章制度◆they seem to be more concerned with enforcing petty rules and regulations than really improving employee safety.他们似乎更关心执行琐碎的规章制度，而不是真正改善雇员的安全状况。 bureaucracy /bjʊərɒkrəsi; name bjʊrɑːkrəsi/ [uncountable, countable] a system of government in which there are a large number of state officials who are not elected; a country with this system官僚体制；实行官僚体制的国家◆many people believed that the state bureaucracy was corrupt.许多人认为国家官僚体制很腐败。◆we are living in a modern bureaucracy.我们生活在现代官僚体制中。 ➡ see also bureaucracy → bureaucracy , bureaucrat → official noun bureaucracy /bjʊərɒkrəsi; name bjʊrɑːkrəsi/ [uncountable] (often disapproving) official rules and ways of doing things, created by a government or organization, especially when these seem too complicated官僚主义；官僚作风◆she is initiating a project to eliminate unnecessary bureaucracy.她正发起一项计划，清除不必要的官僚作风。 ➡ see also bureaucracy → authorities , bureaucrat → official noun bureaucracy/bjʊəˈrɒkrəsi ||; bjυˈrɑkrəsɪ/noun (plural bureaucracies) 1. [u] (often used in a critical way) the system of official rules that an organization has for doing sth, that people often think is too complicated （常用于批评）官僚制度: ◇getting a visa involves a lot of unnecessary bureaucracy. 由于官僚作风，申请签证要办理很多不必要的手续。 2. [c,u] a system of government by a large number of officials who are not elected; a country with this system 官僚机构；官僚政治 bureaucracysee ⇨ complicated 2 bu·reauc·ra·cy /bj`rɑkrəsɪ; bjʊəˈrɒkrəsi/n 1. [u] an official system that is annoying or confusing because it has too many rules, long processes etc 官僚制度; 官僚主义; 官僚作风 2. [c,u] the officials in a government or business who are employed and not elected 官僚［指雇用而非选举的政府官员］; ［工商业的］高级管理人员 |
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