| 单词 | back |
| 释义 | back noun¹ 1part of the body身体部位adjective | verb + back | back + verb | back + noun | preposition | phrases adjective➤broad宽阔的后背▸➤slender苗条的腰身▸➤muscular, strong肌肉发达的／强健的背部▸➤bent弯曲的背部▸➤straight挺直的脊背▸➤lower, upper后腰；上背部➤bare光膀子◆the sun beat down on their bare backs.太阳火辣辣地照射在他们赤裸的背上。➤aching, bad, sore, stiff疼痛的／受伤的／酸痛的／僵直的后背◆he's in bed with a bad back.他后背疼痛卧病在床。➤broken骨折的背部◆he spent six months recovering from a broken back.他背部骨折 6 个月才康复。verb + back➤bend, hunch (especially name) 弯腰；弓背◆he hunches his back when he walks.他走路时背弓着。➤straighten挺直腰板▸➤stretch伸展腰背◆he yawned and stretched his back as he got out of bed.他起床时打着哈欠伸着懒腰。➤break, hurt, injure弄断背；弄伤背部▸➤arch弓背◆the cat arched its back and hissed at the dog.猫弓起身子，冲着狗咝咝地叫。➤lean背靠◆he leaned his back against the bar.他背靠着吧台。➤support支起背部▸➤caress, massage, pat, rub, stroke (especially bre) 轻抚／按摩／轻拍／搓揉／抚摩背部▸➤scratch挠背back + verb➤arch背拱起▸➤stiffen, straighten身板挺直◆his back stiffened as he saw the photographers waiting.看到摄影师等着，他挺直了身板。➤ache, hurt背疼back + noun➤injury, pain, trouble背伤；背疼；背部不适▸➤muscles背部肌肉▸➤support靠背◆a seat with good back support靠背舒适的座位➤massage, rub背部按摩◆would you give me a back rub?你能给我按摩一下后背吗？preposition➤behind sb's back在背后；背地里；私下◆they tied his hands behind his back.他们把他的手反绑在背后。◆people say bad things about him behind his back, but never to his face. (figurative) 人们在背后说他的坏话，但从不当面说。➤flat on your back因病卧床◆i was flat on my back for six weeks when i broke my leg.我摔断腿后在床上躺了 6 周。➤on your back在背上；仰着◆he was carrying a small child on his back.他背着一个小孩。◆she was lying on her back on the sofa.她仰卧在沙发上。➤in the/your back在背部◆i have a nagging pain in my lower back.我后腰老是疼。➤back to背对着◆he was standing with his back to the fire.他背对着炉火站着。phrases➤sb's back is turned某人转身离开◆the boss was certain that the staff would stop working as soon as his back was turned. (figurative) 老板确信只要他一走开，员工就会停止工作。➤back to back背对背◆the children sat back to back.孩子们背对背坐着。➤a pat on the back, a slap on the back拍一下背部；赞扬；鼓励◆he smiled and gave me a hearty slap on the back.他笑了笑，亲切地拍了一下我的背。◆she deserves a pat on the back for her efforts. (figurative) 她的努力值得鼓励。➤the small of your back腰部◆she felt a sharp pain in the small of her back.她感到腰部一阵剧痛。➤turn your back (on sb/sth)转身背对；离开◆actors should never turn their backs on the audience.演员切忌背对观众。◆she decided to turn her back on paris and return home. (figurative) 她决定离开巴黎回家去。➤watch your back (= be careful because people may want to harm you) 当心背后（有人使坏）◆i warned her she should watch her back.我警告她要提防有人暗中使坏。back noun² 2part furthest from the front最后部preposition | phrases preposition➤around back, around the back, round the back (bre) (= to the area behind the house, etc.) 绕到后面◆come around back and i'll show you the pool.绕到后面，我带你看看泳池。◆if you'd like to come round the back, i'll show you the garden.你可以绕到房后，我带你看看花园。➤at the back在后面◆we could only get seats at the back.我们只能坐后面的座位。➤down the back沿着后部◆my money's all fallen down the back of the cushion.我的钱都从垫子后面掉下去了。➤in back (name) 在后部◆there's room for three people in back.后排能坐三个人。➤in the back (bre) 在后部◆two passengers sat in the back of the car.两名乘客坐在轿车的后排。➤to the back到后部去◆the cup had been pushed to the back of the cupboard.杯子给推到橱柜后部去了。➤towards/toward the back接近后部◆the arts page is usually towards / toward the back of the newspaper.艺术版通常在报纸的后几版。phrases➤back to front (bre) 前后颠倒◆i had my pullover on back to front.我的套头衫前后穿反了。back verb¹ 1move back后移adverb | verb + back | preposition adverb➤hastily, hurriedly, immediately, quickly急匆匆地／匆忙／立即／迅速后退◆she backed away hurriedly.她匆忙后退。➤slowly慢慢后退◆he backed slowly out of the room.他慢慢退出房间。➤instinctively本能地后退◆they instinctively backed away from the intense heat.热浪前他们本能地倒退。➤cautiously, nervously谨慎地／紧张地退后◆he took a step forward and she nervously backed away.他上前一步，她紧张地后退。➤away, in, off, up退离；退入；退开；倒退◆try backing the car in－it's easier that way.试着倒车进去 － 这样容易些。◆back off! there's no need to yell at me.走开点儿！不用对我大吼大叫！◆can you back your car up so that i can get through?你能不能把车倒一下让我过去？verb + back➤try to试图后移◆he tried to back away.他试图退后躲避。preposition➤across倒退着穿过◆she backed across the room.她倒退到房间的另一端。➤away from退避开⋯◆the children backed away from him in fear.孩子们吓得倒退着躲开了他。➤into倒进◆she backed into the garage.她把车倒进了车库。➤out of倒出◆he backed out of the drive.他把车倒着开出了车道。back verb² 2support sb/sth支持adverb➤strongly强烈支持◆teachers are strongly backing the new educational policies.老师们强烈支持新的教育政策。➤fully完全支持▸➤overwhelmingly压倒性地支持▸➤unanimously一致支持▸➤openly, publicly公开支持；当众支持▸➤financially经济上支持◆his election bid was financially backed by a soft drinks company.他的竞选得到了一家软饮料公司的资助。➤up支持；证明◆i'll back you up if they don't believe you.如果他们不相信你，我来为你作证。back verb ●back downverb + back down➤will (not)（不）会放弃◆he will never back down.他绝不会让步。➤refuse to拒绝放弃▸➤be forced to, have to被迫／不得不放弃preposition➤from放弃⋯◆the government was forced to back down from implementing these proposals.政府被迫放弃实施这些计划。➤over就⋯作出让步◆the committee finally backed down over the issue of spending cuts.委员会最终在削减开支这件事上作出了让步。 back /bæk/ [only before noun] 1.owed for a time in the past 到期未付的；拖欠的◆the company owed $2 million dollars in back taxes. 公司拖欠 200 万元的税款。⨁ back pay / rent / taxes欠薪／拖欠租金／拖欠税款 2.of or from a past time 过去的；过期的◆back issues of a magazine 过期杂志 ●on the back burner (informal) (about an idea, a plan, etc.) left for the present time, to be done or considered later （指主意、计划等）暂时搁置 ➡ idiom at front adj. ●take a back seat (to sth)1.to be given less importance than sth else 处于次要地位◆safety has taken a back seat to the need for cost reduction. 为降低成本，安全的重要程度被降低了。2.to let other people play a more active and important role in a particular situation than you do （在特定情况下）允许他人领先，甘愿居于人下，让位◆mr clark has decided to take a back seat and be a non-executive director. 克拉克先生决定让位，做一名非执行董事。 ➡ idiom at queue noun buy-back ◇ dial-back ◇ write-back back /bæk/ ●(go/get) back to basicsto think about the simple or most important ideas within a subject or an activity instead of new ideas or complicated details 回归原本；回到基本原则◆the future of marketing is about getting back to basics. 未来的营销将逐渐回归基本原则。◆a back-to-basics approach 返璞归真的方式 ➡ idiom at claw back /bæk/ [transitive] to give support or help to sb/sth 支持；帮助◆leading businesses have backed plans to reduce vat. 卓越的企业支持减低增值税的方案。◆union-backed candidates 工会支持的候选人 ➡ see note at finance ●back out (of sth)to decide that you are no longer going to take part in sth that has been agreed 退出；撒手◆the company is still for sale after a prospective buyer backed out of the deal. 一位潜在买主退出这笔交易后，这公司仍可供出售。●back sth up1. (it 信息技术) to prepare a second copy of a file, program, etc. that can be used if the main one fails or needs extra support 为（文件、程序等）做备份；备份◆i back up all my files on cd-rom once a week. 我每周将所有文件备份到只读光盘上。 ➡ backup 2.to provide support for sb/sth 支持；支援◆the sales manager is backed up by an experienced team of reps. 由经验丰富的销售代表组成的团队辅助销售经理。 ➡ backer ☞ back☞ back☞ back back [transitive] to give help or support to sb/sth帮助；支持◆her parents backed her in her choice of career.她父母支持她的职业选择。◆doctors have backed plans to raise tax on cigarettes.医生们对提高烟草税的计划给予了支持。ⓘ back is often used when it is sb in an influential, powerful or more senior position who is giving their support. * back 常用于指有影响力、有权力或职位更高的人给予支持。▸ backing noun [uncountable] ◆the police gave the proposals their full backing.警方对这些提案给予了全力支持。 ➡ see also backing → investment back¹/bæk ||; bæk/noun1. [c] the part of a person's or animal's body between the neck and the bottom （人或动物的）背部: ◇do you sleep on your back or on your side? 你喜欢仰睡还是侧睡？◇she was standing with her back tome so i couldn't see her face. 她背对我站着，所以我看不到她的脸。◇a camel has a hump on its back. 骆驼的背上有个驼峰。 2. [usu.sing] the part or side of sth that is furthest from the front 后面；背面: ◇i sat at the back of the class. 我坐在教室后面。◇the answers are in the back of the book. 答案在书后面。◇write your address on the back of the cheque. 在支票背面写上你的地址。 3. [c] the part of a chair that supports your upper body when you sit down （椅子的）靠背: ◇he put his coat over the back of the chair. 他把大衣放在椅背上。 at/in the back of your mind if sth is at the back of your mind, it is in your thoughts but is not the main thing that you are thinking about 在脑海中: ◇with next week's exam at the back of my mind, i couldn't relax and enjoy the film. 我心里想着下星期的考试，因此无法放松下来欣赏电影。 back to front with the back where the front should be 前后颠倒: ◇wait a minute -- you've got your jumper on back to front. 等一下，你的毛衣前后穿反了。 ☞look at way ¹(3) 参看 way^1(3)。 behind sb's back without sb's knowledge or agreement 背地里；私下: ◇they criticized her behind her back. 他们在背后批评她。 [opp] to sb's face 反义词为 to sb's faceget off sb's back(informal 非正式) to stop annoying sb, for example when you keep asking him/her to do sth 停止烦扰某人: ◇i've told her i'll do the job by monday, so i wish she'd get off my back! 我已经告诉她我星期一以前完成任务，因此我希望她不会再烦扰我！ know sth like the back of your hand→know¹a pat on the back→pat²turn your back on sb/sth to refuse to be involved with sb/sth 拒绝与某人打交道；拒绝卷入某事: ◇he turned his back on his career and went to live in the country. 他放弃事业，到乡村去生活了。 back²/bæk ||; bæk/adj (onlybeforea noun 只用于名词前) 1. furthest from the front 后面的: ◇have you locked the back door? 你锁好后门了没有？◇the back row of the theatre 剧院的后排座位◇back teeth 臼齿◇a back garden 后花园 2. owed from a time in the past 以前亏欠的: ◇back pay/rent/taxes 积欠的工资／房租／税 on the back burner(informal 非正式) (used about an idea, a plan, etc 指想法、计划等) left for the present time, to be done or considered later 暂时搁置；以后再做或考虑 take a back seat to allow sb to play a more important or active role than you do in a particular situation 让别人担当重要角色；使自己发挥次重作用 back³/bæk ||; bæk/adv1. in or to a place or state that sb/sth was in before 重临；回到: ◇i'm going out now -- i'll be back about six o'clock. 我现在出去一下，六点钟左右回来。◇it started to rain so i came back home. 天开始下雨，所以我回家了。◇ go back to sleep. 回去睡觉。◇could i have my pen back, please? 我可以拿回我的笔吗？◇i've got to take these books backto the library. 我得把这些书还给图书馆。 2. away from the direction you are facing or moving in 回转；后退: ◇she walked away without looking back. 她走了，没有回头望。◇could everyone move back a bit, please? 大家可以稍为挪后一点吗？ [opp] forward 反义词为 forward 3. away from sth; under control 离开；受控制: ◇the police were unable to keep the crowds back. 警察无法阻止群众前进。◇she tried to hold back her tears. 她强忍住泪水。 4. in return or in reply 回复；回报: ◇he said he'd phone me backin half an hour. 他说半个小时后给我回电话。 5. in or into the past; ago 以前: ◇i met him a few years back, in madrid. 我几年前在马德里认识他。◇ think back to your first day at school. 回忆你第一天上学的情形。 back and forth from one place to another and back again, all the time 反复来回: ◇travelling back and forth to work takes up quite a bit of time. 往返工作地点颇费时间。 back⁴/bæk ||; bæk/verb1. [i,t] to move backwards or to make sth move backwards 倒退；使倒退: ◇i'll have to back into that parking space. 我得将车子倒进车位上。◇he backed the car into the parking space. 他将车子倒进停车位。 2. [i] to face sth at the back 背向: ◇many of the colleges back onto the river. 许多学院背向河流。 3. [t] to give help or support to sb/sth 帮助；支持: ◇we can go ahead with the scheme if the bank will agree to back us. 如果银行答应支持，我们就能进行那个计划。 4. [t] to bet money that a particular horse, team, etc will win in a race or game 下赌注: ◇which horse are you backing in the 2 o'clock race? 2点钟那场比赛，你赌哪一匹马赢？ back away (from sb/sth) to move backwards because you are afraid, shocked, etc 退避；畏缩；退缩: ◇he began to back slowly away from the snake. 他开始慢慢后退，避开那条蛇。 back down to stop saying that you are right 立场软化；不再坚持自己对；让步: ◇i think you are right to demand an apology. don't back down now. 我觉得你要求对方道歉并没有错。现在不要退让。 back out (of sth) to decide not to do sth that you had promised to do 决定不守诺言；食言；背信: ◇you promised you would come with me. you can't back out of it now! 你答应跟我一起来，现在可不能食言！ back sb/sth up to support sb; to say or show that sth is true 支持某人；证明某事属实: ◇i'm going to say exactly what i think at the meeting. will you back me up? 会议上我会畅所欲言。你会支持我吗？◇all the evidence backed up what the woman had said. 所有证据都证明那个女人所言属实。 back (sth) up to move backwards, especially in a vehicle 后退；倒退；倒（车）: ◇back up a little so that the other cars can get past. 把车往后倒一点，那样别的车辆就可以过去。 back sth up(computing计算机技术) to make a copy of a computer program, etc in case the original one is lost or damaged 复制副本，作备份（以防原件丢失或损坏） backback/backwards1 moving backwards2 to move backwards3 to make a vehicle go backwardsthe back of something4 the back part of something5 the back of something flat6 at the back of somethingrelated wordsto give something back to someone 把某物归还某人 give (11),to go back to a place 回到某处 return,to get something back from someone 从某人那里拿回某物 get (11),1. moving backwards 向后地 back /bæk/ [adverb] moving or looking towards a place behind you ［移动、观看等］向后地，朝后地 he looked back over his shoulder. 他转过头往后看去。 i stepped back to let them pass. 我朝后退了一步让他们过去。 backwards also backward /ˈbækwəʳdz, ˈbækwəʳd/ [adverb] moving back and away from the direction in which you are facing 向后地 sarah fell backwards in the snow. 萨拉向后跌倒在雪地里。 can you skate backward? 你会倒滑吗？ stepping backwards, harry trod on the foot of the woman behind him. 哈里向后退时，踩着了身后一名女子的脚。backwards and forwards she gently rocked the baby backwards and forwards. 她轻轻地前后摇晃着婴儿。2. to move backwards 向后移动 back out of/through/towards etc /ˌbæk ˈaʊt ɒv/ [transitive verb] to walk backwards in a particular direction, especially in order to leave a room or building 向后退出［房间或大楼］ hardy backed slowly toward the door. 哈迪慢慢地朝门口退去。 simms quietly backed out of the office, his face red with embarrassment. 西姆斯满脸通红，尴尬地默默退出了办公室。 when she was sure the baby was asleep, she backed softly through the bedroom door. 当她肯定孩子已经睡着时，就轻轻地从卧室门退了出去。 back away /ˌbæk əˈweɪ/ [intransitive phrasal verb] to walk slowly backwards, especially to get further away from someone or to avoid a dangerous situation 向后退［以离开某人或避开危险的处境］ ‘are you crazy?’ she cried, backing away. “你疯了吗？”她边叫边往后退。back away from we slowly backed away from the rattlesnake. 我们慢慢地退离了那条响尾蛇。 back up /ˌbæk ˈʌp/ [intransitive phrasal verb] especially american to move backwards a little, for example in order to give someone enough space to move 【尤美】向后退一退［如为了给别人让出地方］ back up a bit so that everyone can see. 往后退一点让大家都能看见。 can you back up a few steps so that i can open the door? 你往后退几步让我开门行吗？ retreat /rɪˈtriːt/ [intransitive verb] to walk backwards or away from the direction you were walking before, especially in order to avoid an embarrassing or unpleasant situation 后退，退却［尤指为了避免令人尴尬或不快的情形］ jim saw me approaching and quickly retreated down a side street. 吉姆看见我走近，就赶快退避到一条小街上去。retreat from/into/to etc ‘you haven't heard the last of this!’ shouted spencer, retreating up the stairs. “这件事还没有了结！”斯潘塞边叫边退着上了楼。 step back /ˌstep ˈbæk/ [verb phrase] to take one step or a few steps backwards 倒退［一步或数步］ myers quickly stepped back into the house when he caught sight of us. 迈尔斯一看见我们就赶快退进房子里去。 as the lights of a car approached he stepped back into the shadows. 当一辆汽车的灯光靠近时，他退入了阴暗处。 recoil /rɪˈkɔɪl/ [intransitive verb] to suddenly move part or all of your body backwards, away from something that is unpleasant or frightening 退缩，畏缩 she looked at the dead body and recoiled. 她看见那具尸体便往后缩。recoil from she recoiled from his touch. 他一碰她，她便往后缩。 pull away /ˌpʊl əˈweɪ/ [intransitive phrasal verb] to move quickly and suddenly backwards in order to get away from someone, especially because you are upset, angry, or frightened ［尤因生气或恐惧］突然向后挣脱 when helen took his arm he tried to pull away. 当海伦挽住他的手臂时，他想向后挣脱。 i tried to kiss her but she pulled away. 我想吻她，但她避开了。3. to make a vehicle go backwards 倒车 reverse /rɪˈvɜːʳs/ [intransitive/transitive verb] especially british to drive a car or other vehicle backwards 【尤英】倒车 you'll have to reverse to let them pass. 你得倒一下车，让他们过去。 he slowly reversed the van into the parking place. 他慢慢地把小货车倒着开进了停车场。reverse out of/into/round etc as i approached the house a car reversed out of the driveway and sped off down the road. 当我走近房子时，一辆车从车道里倒了出来，沿着马路急驰而去。 back up /ˌbæk ˈʌp/ [] especially american to drive a car or other vehicle backwards 【尤美】［车辆］倒开，倒驶 the car stopped and then began to back up. 那辆车停了下来，开始倒着行驶。 back the truck up a little more, will you? 把卡车再往后倒一点，好吗？back up something cindi backed up the car and stopped in front of the door. 辛迪把车倒到门前。 back /bæk/ [intransitive/transitive verb] to drive a car or other vehicle backwards, especially in order to get into or out of a space 倒车；使倒退［尤指为了驶入或驶出某空间］ back out/in/into i wouldn't park there -- it's going to be very difficult to back out again. 我不会把车停在那儿—再想倒出来可就难了。back something out/in/into morris carefully backed the truck into the shed. 莫里斯小心翼翼地把卡车倒进了车棚。4. the back part of something 某物的后面 the back /ðə ˈbæk/ [singular noun] the part that is furthest from the front 后面，后部 someone crashed into the back of my car. 有辆车撞进了我的车后部。 you can leave your bike around the back. 你可以把自行车停放在后面。 they walked past the back of the cottage. 他们在那间村舍后面走过。 did you know you have paint on the back of your skirt? 你知道自己裙子后面沾了点油漆吗？ ‘how do i turn the computer on?’ ‘there's a switch at the back.’ “这电脑我怎样打开？”“它后面有个开关。” the rear /ðə ˈrɪəʳ/ [singular noun] formal the back part of a building or vehicle 【正式】［建筑或车辆的］后面，后部 access to the kitchen is from the rear. 厨房是从后面进入的。 there are more seats at the rear of the theater. 剧场后面有更多座位。5. the back of something flat 扁平物体的背面 the back /ðə ˈbæk/ [singular noun] i wrote down her address on the back of an envelope. 我把她的地址写在一个信封后面。 he was trying to scrape the wax off with the back of a knife. 他尝试用刀背把蜡刮掉。on the back if you look on the back, you'll see the artist's signature. 你看看反面就会见到那位艺术家的签名。 ‘i can't see the wine list.’ ‘it's on the back.’ “我没看见有酒单。”“在背面。” the other side /ði ˌʌðəʳ ˈsaɪd/ [noun phrase] write your name here and on the other side put your phone number. 在这里写上姓名，在另一面写上电话号码。 the reverse side /ðə rɪˌvɜːʳs ˈsaɪd/ [singular noun] the back side of something - used especially in written instructions or descriptions 背面，反面［尤用于说明书等］ sign the check on the reverse side. 在支票背面签名。 the reverse side of the coin has the president's head on it. 这枚硬币的背面有总统的头像。6. at the back of something 在某物的后面 at the back british /in the back especially american /ət ðə ˈbæk, ɪn ðə ˈbæk/ [adverb] i couldn't see very well because we were seated in the back. 因为我们坐在后面的关系，我看得不太清楚。 there's something rotting at the back of the refrigerator. 冰箱靠近里面的地方有东西腐烂了。 i found your passport -- it was at the back of the drawer. 我找到你的护照了—就在抽屉最里面。 at the rear /ət ðə ˈrɪəʳ/ [adverb] at the back of a building, room, or vehicle - used especially in instructions and written descriptions 在［建筑物、房间或汽车的］后面，在后部［尤用于说明书等］ passengers for birmingham should sit at the rear of the train. 前往伯明翰的乘客应坐在列车的后部。 brenda sat at the reception desk at the rear of the main hall. 布伦达坐在位于大厅后部的接待处。 a vw's engine is at the rear of the vehicle. “大众”汽车的引擎装在车身的后部。 in the back /ɪn ðə ˈbæk/ [adverb] at the back of a car or other vehicle 在［车辆的］后部 just throw all your bags in the back. 把所有的包都扔到后面去。 don't let the dog sit in the front -- he has to go in the back. 别让狗坐在前面—它得到后面去。 she couldn't see out of the rear window because of all the junk in the back of the truck. 由于卡车后部堆满了乱七八糟的东西，她不能从后窗往外看。 back also rear formal /bæk, rɪəʳ/ [adjective only before noun] at the back of something, for example a building or car ［建筑物、汽车等］后面的，后部的 the burglars broke into the house through the back door. 窃贼们从后门闯进了屋子。 the rear brakes are completely worn out. 后刹车完全磨损了。 you can put your suitcase on the back seat of the car. 你可以把手提箱放在汽车后座上。 they made their way toward the rear exit. 他们走向后面的出口。 the rear carriage of the train is reserved for non-smokers. 火车后面的车厢是专门留给不吸烟的乘客的。☞ back¹☞ back²☞ back³☞ back⁴ |
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