| 单词 | close1 |
| 释义 | close /kləʊz; name kloʊz/ verb 1➤close a door/your eyes/a book关门；闭眼；合上书➤a factory closes/close a factory工厂倒闭；关闭工厂close ♦︎ shut ♦︎ lock ♦︎ slam ♦︎ draw ♦︎ boltthese words all mean to put sth such as a door into a position so that it covers an opening, or to move the parts of sth together so that it is no longer open.这些词均表示关上、合上、合拢。patterns and collocations 句型和搭配◆to close / shut / lock / slam / bolt a door / gate◆to close / shut / lock a window / drawer / case / suitcase◆to close / shut / slam a shutter◆to close / shut / bolt a hatch◆to close / shut a / an / your box / lid / eyes / mouth / flap / valve / book / umbrella◆to close / draw the curtains / blinds◆a door / gate closes / shuts / slams◆sb's eyes close / shut◆to hear sth close / shut / slam◆to close / shut / lock / slam / bolt sth behind you◆to close / shut / lock / bolt sth firmly◆to close / shut sth tightly◆to half / partly close / shut / draw sth■ close /kləʊz; name kloʊz/ [transitive, intransitive] to put sth such as a door, window or lid into a position so that it covers an opening; to get into this position; to move the parts of sth together so that it is no longer open关；关闭；合上；合拢◆she closed the gate behind her.她关上了身后的大门。◆she closed her eyes and fell asleep immediately.她闭上眼睛，立刻就睡着了。◆the doors open and close automatically.这些门自动开关。opp open ⓘ the opposite is open. * close 的反义词是 open◆she opened her bag and took out her passport.她打开包拿出了她的护照。◆the door opened and alan walked in.门打开了，艾伦走了进来。■ shut (shutting, shut, shut) [transitive, intransitive] to make sth close; to become closed关闭；关上；合上◆i can't shut my suitcase－it's too full.我的手提箱合不上 － 装得太满了。◆i shut my eyes against the bright light.我闭上眼睛，以防强光照射。◆he shut his book and looked up.他合上书，抬起头来。◆the window won't shut.窗户关不上。opp open note 辨析 close or shut?you can use close and shut with the same range of nouns, but shut is used more often for containers such as boxes and suitcases. shut is often used to talk about sudden actions, and can suggest more noise. close often suggests doing things more slowly or gently. * close 和 shut 可接的名词范围相同，但 shut 更多用于容器，如 box 和 suitcase。shut 的动作一般较突然，声音可能更大；相比之下，close 的动作较为缓慢和轻柔◆close your eyes and go to sleep.闭上眼睛睡觉。◆she quietly closed the window and crept out of the room.她轻轻关上窗户，悄悄走出了房间。■ lock [transitive, intransitive] to close sth firmly so that it will not open, using a lock; to be able to be closed firmly in this way; to put sth in a safe place and lock it（用锁）锁上；被锁住；把⋯锁起来◆the gates are locked at 6 o'clock.6 点钟锁门。◆this suitcase doesn't lock.这手提箱锁不上。◆she locked her passport and money in the safe.她把自己的护照和钱锁在了保险柜里。ⓘ a lock is a device that keeps a door, window, lid, etc. shut, usually needing a key to open it. * lock 可作名词，指锁。 opp unlock ⓘ to unlock sth is to undo the lock of a door, window, etc. using a key. * unlock 指用钥匙开锁。■ slam (-mm-) [intransitive, transitive] to shut, or to make sth shut, with a lot of force, making a loud noise（使⋯）砰地关上◆i heard the door slam behind him.我听见他砰地把身后的门关上了。◆he stormed out of the house, slamming the door as he left.他怒气冲冲地从房子里出来，把门砰地关上了。 ➡ see also slam → crash ▸ slam noun [countable, usually singular] ◆the front door closed with a slam.前门猛地关上了。◆she gave the door a good hard slam.她使劲砰的一声关上了门。■ draw (drew, drawn) [transitive] to close or open curtains or blinds拉（窗帘或卷帘）◆draw the curtains－it's dark outside.拉上窗帘吧，外面天黑了。◆she drew back the curtains and let the sunlight in.她拉开窗帘让阳光照进来。■ bolt [transitive, intransitive] to lock a door or window by sliding a bolt across; to be able to be locked in this way用插销闩上；能被闩上◆don't forget to bolt the door.别忘了闩门。◆the gate bolts on the inside.这扇门从里面上闩。ⓘ a bolt is a long, narrow piece of metal that you slide across the inside of a door or window in order to lock it. * bolt 可作名词，指门窗的闩或插销。close /kləʊz; name kloʊz/ verb 2➤close a door/your eyes/a book关门；闭眼；合上书➤a factory closes/close a factory工厂倒闭；关闭工厂close ♦︎ cease trading ♦︎ fail ♦︎ close (sth) down ♦︎ collapse ♦︎ go bust ♦︎ crash ♦︎ go bankrupt ♦︎ fold ♦︎ flopthese are all words that can be used when a business stops operating, often because it does not have enough money to pay the bills and cannot borrow any more.这些词均表示停业、倒闭、破产。patterns and collocations 句型和搭配◆a firm / company closes / ceases trading / fails / closes down / collapses / goes bust / crashes / goes bankrupt / folds◆a business closes / ceases trading / fails / closes down / collapses / goes bust / crashes / folds◆an industry closes down / collapses◆a person goes bust / goes bankrupt◆a / an factory / newspaper / operation / shop closes / closes down◆shares / prices / markets collapse / crash◆a show / play closes / folds / flops◆to suddenly close / close down / collapse / fold■ close [intransitive, transitive](of a business, service or show) to stop operating; to cause a business, service or show to stop operating（企业、服务或演出）停止运作；停业；关闭◆the hospital closed at the end of last year.这家医院去年年底关闭了。◆the play closed after just three nights.这部剧仅上演了三个晚上就停演了。◆the club was closed by the police.那家夜总会被警方查封了。◆they are closing their liverpool factory.他们将关闭利物浦的工厂。opp open ⓘ when a business, service or show opens it starts business or starts playing to the public for the first time. * open 指企业开业、服务行业开始营业或演出首次登场◆the show opened to great reviews.演出引起了巨大轰动。◆the company opened its doors for business a month ago.那家公司一个月前开业。▸ closure /kləʊʒə(r); name kloʊʒər/ noun [countable, uncountable] ◆factory closures工厂倒闭◆the hospital has been threatened with closure.这家医院已经面临关闭的威胁。■ cease trading -->phrase (formal, business商业) (of a business) to stop operating（企业）停业◆a leading travel firm has ceased trading with the loss of a number of jobs.一家主要的旅行社已经停业，好些人丢了工作。■ fail [intransitive](of a business) to be unable to continue operating（企业）倒闭，破产◆more banks failed as people rushed to withdraw their money.由于人们争相挤兑，更多银行倒闭了。▸ failure noun [countable, uncountable] ◆there has been an alarming increase in business failures.企业倒闭数字的上升令人担忧。■ close down ■ close sth down phrasal verb(of a business or service) to stop operating; to cause a business or service to stop operating（使）停业；关闭；倒闭◆companies were closing down or reducing their workforce.公司纷纷倒闭或裁员。◆banks are closing down their smaller branches.各银行将关闭较小的分行。opp open (sth) up ⓘ when a business or service opens up it starts operating; to open sth up is to start a new business or service. * open up 指企业或服务行业开始运作，open sth up 指开展新的业务或服务◆there's a new thai restaurant opening up in town.城里新开了一家泰国菜餐厅。note 辨析 close or close down?there is not much difference in meaning between these words. both can be used to talk about either a business or service; close but not close down can also be used to talk about a play or show.两者意思上没有太大差别，均可用于企业或服务行业。close 可用於戏剧或演出，但 close down 不可以◆the play closed down after just three nights. ■ collapse [intransitive](of a business, prices, a market or an economy) to lose all or most of its value（企业）倒闭；（价格）暴跌；（市场）萧条；（经济）崩溃◆share prices collapsed after news of poor trading figures.成交量不佳的消息使股价暴跌。◆the region's economy has virtually collapsed.该地区的经济实际上已经崩溃。▸ collapse noun [countable, usually singular] ◆the collapse of share prices / the dollar / the market股价／美元的暴跌；市场大萧条■ go bust -->idiom(goes, went, gone) (informal) (of a business or the person running it) to be unable to continue operating because there is no money（企业或其经营者）破产◆we lost our deposit when the travel company went bust.旅行社破产，我们的订金都赔了进去。■ crash [intransitive] (rather informal) (of a business, market or prices) to lose all or most of its value suddenly（企业、市场或价格突然）贬值，倒闭，失败；暴跌◆share prices crashed to an all-time low yesterday.股价昨天暴跌到了历来的最低点。▸ crash noun [countable] ◆the 1929 stock market crash1929 年的股市暴跌note 辨析 collapse or crash?there is not much difference in meaning between these words. an economy can collapse but not crash. crash is slightly more informal and suggests an even more sudden event.这两个词意思没有太大差别。economy 可以和 collapse 搭配，但不可以和 crash 搭配。crash 稍显不正式，更强调突发性。■ go bankrupt -->phrase(goes, went, gone)(of a person or company) to stop running a business because you do not have enough money to pay what you owe; (of a person) to ask a judge in court to officially say that you cannot pay your debts and are not allowed to borrow money（人或公司）破产；（人）申请破产◆unfortunately the firm went bankrupt before the work was completed.不幸的是，这家公司在工程完成之前破产了。◆i have thousands of pounds of debt which i can't afford to pay back and am thinking of going bankrupt.我有数千英镑的债务还不上，正在考虑申请破产。■ fold [intransitive] (rather informal) (of a business, organization or show) to close because it is no longer successful（企业或组织）倒闭；（演出）结束，停演◆his business folded and his wife left him.他生意失败，妻子也离开了他。◆the musical folded after 16 performances.那部音乐剧演了 16 场后停演了。◆her fan club has folded.她的追星族俱乐部关闭了。■ flop (-pp-) [intransitive] (rather informal) (of a film, show, product or project) to be a failure, especially because it is not popular（电影、演出、产品或项目）失败，不成功（尤指因不受大众欢迎）◆the play flopped on broadway.这出戏在百老汇砸了锅。◆many of his ambitious schemes have flopped in the past.过去他的许多雄心大计都失败了。 ➡ see also flop → disaster noun |
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