阿司匹林联合阿托伐他汀对心血管疾病患者心功能及生活质量的影响
邱淑花
[摘要]目的 探讨阿司匹林联合阿托伐他汀对心血管疾病患者心功能及生活质量的影响。方法 选取2016年1~12月我院收治的120例心血管疾病患者作为研究对象,根据治疗方法的不同将其分为研究组和对照组,每组各60例。研究组采用阿托伐他汀联合阿司匹林治疗,对照组仅采用阿司匹林治疗,比较两组的疗效、心功能指标和生活质量评分。结果 研究组治疗后的左心室射血分数(LVEF)高于对照组,左心室收缩末期内径(LVDs)和左心室舒张末期内径(LVDd)短于对照组,心绞痛发作次数少于对照组,运动持续时间和ST段下降1 mm时间长于对照组,躯体功能、精神健康、活力、社会功能和总体健康评分高于对照组,躯体疼痛程度更低,美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分和血清C-反应蛋白(CRP)水平低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 采用阿司匹林联合阿托伐他汀治疗心血管患者,可对心功能和生活质量起到改善作用。
[关键词]阿司匹林;阿托伐他汀;心功能;生活质量
[中图分类号] R541.4? ? ? ? ? [文献标识码] A? ? ? ? ? [文章编号] 1674-4721(2019)8(c)-0095-04
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect of Aspirin combined with Atorvastatin on cardiac function and quality of life in patients with cardiovascular disease. Methods All 120 patients with cardiovascular disease in our hospital from January to December 2016 were selected as subjects, and these patients were divided into study group and control group depending on the treatmen method, 60 cases in each group. The study group was treated with Atorvastatin in combination with Aspirin, and the control group was treated with only Aspirin. The curative effect, cardiac function index and quality of life score of the two groups were compared. Results The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of the study group was higher than that of the control group, the left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVDs) and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVDd) were shorter than those of the control group, the number of angina attacks was fewer than that of the control group, the duration of exercise and the ST segment decreased by 1 mm were longer than those of the control group (P<0.05). In the study group, physical function, physical pain, mental health, vitality, social function and overall health scores were higher than those of the control group, national institute of health stroke scale (NIHSS) score and serum C-reactive protein(CRP) level were lower than those of the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The use of Aspirin combined with Atorvastatin in the treatment of cardiovascular patients can improve the heart function and quality of life.
[Key words] Aspirin; Atorvastatin; Cardiac function; Quality of life
隨着我国人口老龄化的加深,心血管疾病的发病率不断升高。根据我国流行病统计数据,2017年中国有2.9亿人患有心血管疾病,约为总人口的21%,2015年农村心血管疾病死亡率已达到298.4/100 000人,城镇居民心血管死亡率为268.4/100 000人,心血管死亡率高于肿瘤,目前是我国死因最高的疾病[1]。患病人数排序如下:高血压约2.7亿人,脑卒中约1300万人,冠心病约1100万人,肺源性心脏病约500万人,心力衰竭约450万人,风湿性心脏病约250万人,先天性心脏病约200万人。同时心血管疾病可伴有心绞痛、呼吸困难等疾病,给患者的生活带来很多不便,严重影响生活质量。因此在心血管疾病治疗的过程中,要探索一种能改善患者心功能同时改善生活质量的治疗方法。
阿司匹林在循证医学的支持下用于预防和治疗缺血性中风[4]。它可以抑制环加氧酶,具有抵抗血小板功能的作用,从而防止血小板黏附,活化,聚集和血栓形成。研究报道,口服阿司匹林可以在治疗48 h内显著降低缺血性中风的复发率[5]。阿司匹林的药物代谢动力学特征。吸收:口服后阿司匹林迅速完全吸收。分布:以蛋白质结合形式广泛分布于体内。代谢:它在肝脏中完全代谢。排泄物:排泄到尿液中[6]。
阿司匹林与阿托伐他汀联合可能起到抗凝的协同作用。心血管疾病在中老年人中高发,常引起残疾或死亡。根据国际最新研究发现,阿司匹林在脑梗死中可发挥作用[7]。动脉粥样硬化斑块是脑梗死的主要危险因素。患者的脑组织长时间处于缺氧和缺血状态,可以导致脑组织坏死并损害神经功能从而导致预后不佳[8-9]。如要在短时间内改善脑组织预后,就要考虑如何改善脑组织缺氧和缺血。所以抗凝治疗通常用于治疗脑梗死。常用药物包括肠溶阿司匹林和低分子肝素钠[10-11]。肠溶阿司匹林可刺激血小板内环氧化酶的乙酰化,减少血栓素A2的合成,对溶栓酶诱导的血小板聚集起抑制作用,抑制血栓形成,促进血栓溶解[12]。低分子量肝素钠是通过亚硝酸盐的分解,浓缩和纯化获得的未分级肝素。阿托伐他汀是临床抗氧化和氧自由基损伤的常用药物[13]。它可减轻脑梗死患者脑组織的炎症反应,降低脑水肿程度,保护局部脑组织。此外,阿托伐他汀还可抑制一氧化氮的神经毒性[14]。阿托伐他汀钙是一种轻质甲基戊二酸单体辅酶A还原酶抑制剂,可有效改善患者的HDL-C。它对由高胆固醇血症和LDL-C引起的动脉粥样硬化有良好的拮抗作用。并且它可降低血浆CRP的浓度,起到药物的抗炎作用,也可在一定的过程中使用。肿瘤坏死因子-α,白介素-6和其他炎症因子的程度降低[15]。阿托伐他汀钙和抗凝药物联合治疗脑梗死,能起到药物协同作用,可进一步提高药物对血小板聚集的抵抗力,调节血液黏稠度,防止血栓形成,从而有效提高药物的作用治疗,使得患者神经功能损伤的恢复效果良好[16-17]。
有研究表明,单用阿司匹林治疗难以实现有效治疗,如果单独使用阿司匹林治疗缺血性卒中,超过一半的缺血性卒中患者会复发,效果不理想[18]。这种结果可能与某些患者的阿司匹林依从性有关,环氧合酶基因多态性及影响阿司匹林的其他药物的药理作用等因素有关[19]。最近的研究发现,他汀类药物可以选择性地抑制羟甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶,增加LDL-C受体,降低血清LDL-C水平,并抑制颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的形成[20]。同时,他汀类药物还可减少颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成过程中产生的各种炎症介质,并在抑制炎症反应和稳定颈动脉粥样硬化斑块中发挥作用。本研究结果显示,阿司匹林联合阿托伐他汀对于心血管患者的心功能有明显改善,同时能改善生活质量。
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(收稿日期:2019-03-15? 本文编辑:崔建中)