不同微创术式治疗儿童腹股沟疝术后伤口恢复及外观情况比较
[摘要]目的:探究腹腔鏡全腹膜外腹股沟疝修补术(Totally extraperitoneal herniorrhaphy,TEP)与腹腔镜经腹腹膜前腹股沟疝修补术(Transabdominal preperitoneal herniorrhaphy,TAPP)治疗儿童腹股沟疝临床效果。方法:选取56例腹股沟疝患儿为研究对象,按照随机数表分为TEP组与TAPP组各28例,分别接受TEP、TAPP术式治疗,比较术后1h、6h、1d疼痛程度[东大略儿童医院疼痛量表(Childrens hospital of eastern ontario pain scale,CHEOPS)]变化,分析两组围术期基本指标、术后6个月瘢痕严重程度[温哥华瘢痕量表(Vancouver scar scale,VSS)]及并发症发生情况。结果:术后1h,两组患儿CHEOPS评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后6h、1d,两组患儿CHEOPS评分均较术后1h时有显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患儿手术时间、术中出血量、肛门排气时间、下床活动时间及住院时间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后6个月,TEP组患儿VSS评分均明显低于TAPP组(P0.05)。结论:不同微创术式治疗小儿腹股沟疝均可取得理想疗效,但TEP相较于TAPP能减轻瘢痕严重程度,有利于维持其局部皮肤美观。
[关键词]腹腔镜全腹膜外腹股沟疝修补术;腹腔镜经腹腹膜前腹股沟疝修补术;儿童腹股沟疝;美观度
[中图分类号]R656.2+1 ? ?[文献标志码]A ? ?[文章编号]1008-6455(2020)03-0103-03
Abstract: Objective ?To explore the clinical effects of laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal (TEP) inguinal hernia repair and laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) inguinal hernia repair in the treatment of children with inguinal hernia. Methods ?A total of 56 children with inguinal hernia were selected for the study. According to the random number table method, the patients were divided into TEP group and TAPP group, with 28 cases in each group. They were treated with TEP and TAPP respectively. The pain degree(Childrens hospital of eastern ontario-pain scale, CHEOPS) was compared at 1h, 6h and 1d after surgery, and the perioperative basic indicators, severity of scars(Vancouver scar scale, VSS) and occurrence of complications at 6 months after surgery were analyzed in the two groups. Results ?At 1h after surgery, there was no significant difference in CHEOPS score between the two groups(P>0.05). At 6h and 1d after surgery, the CHEOPS scores in the two groups were significantly lower than those at 1h after surgery (P0.05). There were no significant differences in the operative time, intraoperative blood loss, anal exhaust time, ambulation time and hospital stay between the two groups (P>0.05). At 6 months after operation, the VSS scores in TEP group were significantly lower than those in TAPP group (P0.05). Conclusion ?Different minimally invasive surgeries can achieve ideal efficacy in the treatment of children with inguinal hernia. However, TEP can reduce the severity of scar compared with TAPP, and it is beneficial to maintain the local skin beauty.
2.2 两组围术期基本指标比较:两组患儿手术时间、术中出血量、肛门排气时间、下床活动时间及住院时间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),见表2。
2.3 两组瘢痕严重程度比较:术后6个月,TEP组患儿VSS评分均明显低于TAPP组,差异有统计学意义(Z=2.217,P=0.027),见表3。
2.4 两组并发症发生情况比较:术后6个月,两组患儿切口感染、尿潴留、肠梗阻、血清肿并发症发生率及腹股沟疝复发率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),见表4。
3 ?讨论
腹腔镜疝修补术应用于临床已有三十余年的历史,临床发展出TEP、TAPP等改良术式以供选择,其中TAPP由于从腹腔内切开腹膜进入腹腔前间隙,故在镜下能清晰辨别解剖标志[10],术野也相对开阔,更符合补片无张力修复的操作要求。本研究却发现,两组手术时间、术中出血量及并发症、腹股沟疝复发风险比较差异均较小,这表明TEP与TAPP操作难度及患儿所受创伤均较小,尽管TEP无法在镜下完成入路,但TAPP在腹腔内操作更易对邻近脏器造成损伤,因此二者疗效与安全性相当。据相关文献报道,TAPP术中可能应用疝钉合器,将一定程度增加治疗费用,且一旦补片未能充分覆盖腹膜粗糙面,还将引起腹腔内粘连或在关闭处形成新的疝气病变[11]。TEP操作未进入腹腔,补片也不与脏器接触,因此基本不干扰脏器,术后并无肠粘连发生风险,解剖标志独特且范围较小。本研究还发现,两组疼痛程度缓解效率与肛门排气时间、下床活动时间、住院时间比较均未见显著性差异,这说明TEP与TAPP均能确保腹股沟疝患儿术后快速康复,前者虽然操作空间小且难度更大,考虑有更长的学习曲线,但与术者熟练度密切相关,需引起足够重视。刘昶等[12]认为,如腹股沟疝病灶位置腹膜破损较大,扩张压力难以维持,或是联合其他手术,有观察疝内容物需求的情况下,则仍考虑采用TAPP。
术后瘢痕异常增生已成为当代手术患者较为重视术后恢复问题[13],有关学者指出,p53、Fas等抑癌基因突变或沉默,可导致成纤维细胞增殖受到抑制,而Bcl-2、Smad等促进细胞增殖基因过度表达,将促使成纤维细胞增殖[14],因此瘢痕形成与多种易感基因相关,临床需对此引起重视。对于腹腔镜手术而言,常选用脐部制作手术观察孔,术后切口可被脐孔皱襞所掩盖,外观所受影响较小[15],具有较强实用性。本研究结果显示,TEP组患儿术后瘢痕严重程度明显小于TAPP组,提示TEP能通过缩小解剖范围,减少腹股沟疝患儿术后瘢痕增生风险,对其维持外部美观、局部皮肤功能及良好心身健康状态有积极意义。研究体会,TAPP术中可能因进入腹膜后,以拉钩持续牵拉皮肤,导致患儿皮缘血液灌注不良,相较而言TEP对术区皮缘损害较小,其次采用可吸收缝线垂直褥式外翻缝合,进一步减少对手术切口的刺激作用,缝线真皮层下潜行可减少瘢痕收缩,外翻缝合则为瘢痕变宽预留空间,使其局部微循环不受影响,为术后切口正常愈合创造有利条件。但本研究纳入样本量有限,且术后观察时间较短,所得结论可存在一定偏差,仍有待后续研究中设计更为精密的实验加以论证。
综上所述,TEP与TAPP对腹股沟疝患儿造成创伤均较小,术后疼痛缓解与身体恢复均较快,且术式安全性均属良好,其中TEP术后形成瘢痕更轻微,可获得更令人满意的局部外观美容效果,适应证相对更广。
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[收稿日期]2019-08-19
本文引用格式:蒲娟.不同微创术式治疗儿童腹股沟疝术后伤口恢复及外观情况比较[J].中国美容医学,2020,29(3):103-105,142.