Contents

    01 Using CiteSpace to analyze Chinese journal publications： an optimized research paradigm

    Weichen Jia， Wenguang Li and Mingmei Yu

    11 The development of intelligent education equipment in China： status quo and directions for future R&D

    Yafeng Zheng， Chunxiao Wang Yang， Xiaomei Yan， Zhizhen Zhang and Yonghe Zheng

    20 Worldwide wisdom of the crowd in education and development

    Sanjaya Mishra

    28 Reviewing the philosophy and practice of open education： an international perspective

    Xiangxu Wang and Xiaotang Yang

    39 Reflection on openness in education： its historical evolution in the West

    Xiaochun Qiu and Longhai Xiao

    47 A study of the relationship between university students ‘early-rising and ‘book-borrowing

    bahaviours and their learning performance

    Shuang Du， Yunqian Fei， Mu He and Hang Hu

    59 The impact of virtual reality technology on learning performance： a meta-analysis of 59 experiments

    and quasi-experiments

    Yuting Cui and Zhiqun Zhao

    68 Factors influencing learning performance on online learning platforms： a user-experience perspective

    Wei Dong， Mei Zhang， Chenlu Gao and Haisheng Pan

    76 Abstracts

    78 Contents