轻松认识定语从句

    引言

    根据新课标、考试大纲的要求,定语从句在英语语言习得方面占有举足轻重的地位。对定语从句的良好感知有利于学生提升英语阅读能力、写作能力及解题水平。但问题是学生在识别定语从句、区分关系代词和关系副词方面有很多困惑。因此,我设计一堂定语从句专题课,期望能扫除这两个障碍,让学生拥有良好的英语体验和获得感。

    教学设计

    一、教学目标

    1. 识别定语从句。

    2. 区分关系代词和关系副词。

    二、教学步骤

    Step1. 观察与感悟

    呈现9个经典定语从句,要求学生朗读并通过观察句子,找出所给句子的2个共同之处。

    (1) This is the man who/that helped me yesterday.

    (2) Yesterday I received the book (that/which) I bought on the Net.

    (3) Do you still remember the days when we studied together?

    (4) Do you still remember the days (that/which) we spent together?

    (5) The school where I studied was 3 kilometers away from my home.

    (6) The school (that/which) we visited last Sunday was 3 kilometers away from my home.

    (7) The reason why he was late was that he missed his train.

    (8) Tom?was?always?late?for?school,?which?made?his?teacher?angry.

    (9) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

    设计说明:为了充分理解句意,要求学生按意群停顿来读句子。通过对9个典型句子的共性分析,找出识别定语从句的两个关键点:1.从句前面有名词或代词。2.从句中缺成分,要么缺主宾,要么缺状语。(先行词一定要充当从句成分)

    Step2. 思考:

    关系代词?关系副词?

    1)当从句缺主语、或宾语,选择? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? (key:关系代词)

    2)当从句主宾完整(不及物动词没有宾语),缺状语时,选择? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? (key:关系副词)

    设计说明:通过观察以上从句所缺成分,如缺主宾,选择关系代词;如缺状语,选择关系副词。这是区分关系代词和关系副词最直观的方法。

    Ex1:? where?? when?? that?

    1) If a shop has chairs? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. (key:where)

    2) In an hour, we can travel to places? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? would have taken our ancestors days to reach. (key:which/that)

    3) I remember the time? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? you left us last year. (key:when)

    设计说明:此类题考查关系代词和副词的应用,提醒学生观察从句所缺成分。

    Ex2.(非限定性)定语从句?并列句?强调句?

    1) Each summer, she goes to the beach,? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? she swims every day.(定语从句,where)

    2) Each summer, she goes to the beach, _______ she often swims there every day. (并列句,and)

    3) It was in the hotel _______ we stayed last night. (強调句,that)

    4) It was the hotel ________ we stayed last night. (定语从句,where)

    5) I have many collections of stamps, ________some of them are my favorite.(并列句,and)

    设计说明:英语考试中,定语从句不会孤立存在,所以如何识别定语从句,区分它与其他从句或句型的不同是学生面临的问题。根据教学活动step1,学生已学会识别“定语从句”的2个关键点。

    Ex3,抽象性的地点名词:? that? where?

    1) We are trying to reach a point ________ both sides will sit down together and talk.

    2) Teaching is a job __________ you can find your true value.

    3) We will discuss some cases __________ students fail to use English properly.

    (key: 全部选择where)

    设计说明:关系副词where是高考和模考的重要考点。其中一些抽象性的地点名词,如point“达到…地步”,case“在…情形下”,situation“在…境地下”,job“在这份职业中”,虽然字面上是一般名词,但已转化成为抽象的地点名词作为先行词,在定语从句中充当状语,根据课堂step2所学知识,选择使用关系副词where。

    Ex 4.? which? that?

    1) There seems to be nothing? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? is impossible to him in the world.? (key: that)

    2) This is the best film? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? I have ever seen.? (key: that)

    设计说明:定语从句特例:当先行词是everything,anything, nothing, something等不定代词时,或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no序数词,最高级,the very, the only等修饰时,只能用:that。

    Ex 5 who? that?

    1) Anyone? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? breaks the laws should be punished.? ?(key: who)

    2) He? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? laughs last laughs best.? ?(key: who)

    设计说明:先行词是those, he, anyone, someone, everyone, 指人,只能用who。

    Ex 6. 绘制定语从句的思维导图mind-map

    设计说明:思维导图让知识可视化,整体化,从而使单个知识联系起来,使之有条理,便于理解和记忆。学生的绘制过程是一次主动使用脑、眼、手,发挥联想,体现空间感的过程,是一次主动思维的过程。

    Step3. 挑战 :高考真题再现

    1.语法填空。

    1.1 Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,? ? ? ? ?she opened with her late husband Les.? (2019- 全国II卷)

    1.2 They were well trained by their masters? ? ? ? ?had great experience with caring for these animals. (2019- 全国III卷)

    1.3? Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014? ? ? ? ?showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.(2018-全国I卷)

    2.改错 (每句最多两处错误)。

    2.1 One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. (2019-全国I卷)

    2.2 In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment what is created for them. (2019-全国III卷)

    2.3 They also had a small pond which they raised fish.(2018-全国I卷)

    设计说明:通过精选近2年高考题中涉及定语从句的题目,让学生亲临考场,感受真题。学生们在解题中内化技能,应用和巩固所学知识。

    三、教学反思

    本节课是以“识别——区分——应用”为主线的“定语从句”语法课,教学目标定位较准,教学设计有层次。学生从观察、感悟、思考、练习到思维导图的归纳和應用,轻松突破定语从句的两个难点,学有所获。但在实际的教学中,教师应注意以下问题:

    1.教学难度、速度、是弹性的,要基于学情。比如在普通班的step2中教学中让学生们列出所有关系代词和关系副词。高级班可增加关于as, whose 等引导的定语从句练习。

    2.可以增加含定语从句的篇章阅读,以及佳句欣赏翻译环节。定语从句在英语语篇中起着重要作用,教师在备课环节要多想办法为学生提供原汁原味的英语资料,满足不同学生的需求。

    【作者简介】甘青,广东省顺德伦教中学。