| 标题 | 如何写好书信体英语作文 |
| 范文 | 黄馥 近三年高考英语全国Ⅰ卷均要求考生写信或写邮件。那么，如何写好书信体英语作文呢？一、审题 1. 了解写信人和收信人的关系。 在阅读题目中弄清楚写信人和收信人的关系，两者熟悉与否决定着写信人是否需要进行自我介绍，也决定了信的语气，同时也有助于防止偏离主题。 例如，2016年全国Ⅰ卷中收信人是外教Ms Jenkins，作为考生的写信人李华，有必要进行自我介绍，让老师一看就明白是谁在给他写信。给老师写信，语言要委婉，有礼貌。而2017年和2018年收信人分别为英国朋友Leslie、新西兰朋友Terry，既然是朋友关系，则不用自我介绍，语气也相对随意一些。 2. 确定写信的目的。 搞明白写信目的，就能确定信的类型。书信种类包括祝贺信、慰问信、求职信、求助信、建议信、推荐信、感谢信、道歉信、意见信、邀请函、知会函等。确定书信类型，不仅便于开门见山地表达写信目的，也可以让内容更具针对性，以达到交际目的。二、布局 确定信的布局。一般来说，采用开头、主体和结尾三段式能使信件的结构清晰。三、写信 1. 信的开头。 信的开头就是信的正文的第一段，包括自我介绍（若写信人与收信人之间熟悉则不需要）、问候语、写信目的和背景介绍。常用模板为： （I am Li Hua.）How is everything going？ I am writing to （祝贺）congratulate you on ... /（慰问）express my sympathy to you on .../（求职）apply for the job as a .../（求助）ask you for help on .../（建议）provide my suggestions on .../（推荐）recommend ... to you/（感谢）thank you for .../（道歉）say sorry to you for .../（意见）share my opinions with you on .../（邀请）invite you to come to .../（知会）tell you ... since I know that ...（交待背景介绍） 2. 信的主体。 信的主体一般为第二段，通常就是主要写作内容的体现。 （1）段落主题句 提炼主题句有3个方法： ①回答法 例如，“中國结的象征意义。” 可以直接以回答这个问题来开启主体段落的写作——In China， the Chinese knots stand for friendship， happiness and love... ②提问法 例如，“学好英语的方法。” 可以就这个话题进行提问，然后用回答的方式来介绍方法——How can we learn Chinese well？ ... ③概括法 a. 形容词概括法 例如，“十年后的我。” 可以用形容词进行总的评价，进而再做进一步的描述——I am convinced that I will live a rich and colorful life in ten years. b. 数字概括法 例如，“理想中笔友的条件。” 先用数字概括下文的条目个数，再一一进行介绍——There are three demands for the person who could be my pen pal... （2）衔接词 衔接词可以让段与段、句与句之间衔接得更紧密，更流畅，过渡更自然。 ①如果段落是议论或说明类，罗列每个条目之前加上firstly/first of all/above all/to begin with;secondly /besides /in addition /whats more /furthermore /moreover;finally /last but not the least /in the end /at last等。 例如，“如何培养创造力。” 其主体段落可以这样写：How can we develop creativity？ There are 3 ways for us to try. Firstly， ... Furthermore， ... Last but not the least， ... ②如果段落是记叙类，叙述事件发展时加上at first /first;then /later /afterwards;in the meantime /meanwhile /at the same time;finally /at last等。 例如，“难忘的比赛。” 其主体段落可以这样写：The English speech contest held last week is unforgettable. At first， when the contest began， I was nervous. Later， ... And then， ... Finally， ... 3. 信的结尾。 信的结尾相对固定，可以包括： （1）期待回复：I am looking forward to your early reply. /I would really appreciate it if you could reply as soon as possible. （2）祝福：Best wishes.实战演练 2016年全国Ⅰ卷 假定你是李华，暑假想去一家外资公司兼职，已写好申请书和个人简历（resume）。给外教Ms Jenkins写信，请她帮你修改所附材料的文字和格式（format）。 注意：1. 词数100左右; 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 2017年全国Ⅰ卷 假定你是李华，正在教你的英国朋友Leslie学习汉语。请你写封邮件告知下次上课的计划。内容包括： 1. 时间和地点; 2. 内容：学习唐诗; 3. 课前准备：简要了解唐朝的历史。 2018年全国Ⅰ卷 假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Terry将去中国朋友家做客，发邮件向你询问有关习俗。请你回复邮件，内容包括： 1. 到达时间; 2. 合适的礼物; 3. 餐桌礼仪。仿真模拟 假定你是李华，从你校的布告栏上得知学校下个月举办的英语角正在招募志愿者，在现场鼓励参加者使用英语。请根据所给提示，用英语写一封自荐信。内容包括： 1. 陈述自己的优势; 2. 希望获准。 仿真模拟2 假定你是李华，你的英语老师要你们做一个关于西方节日感恩节（Thanksgiving Day）的报告，请给你的美国朋友Tony写一封邮件，了解相关知识。内容包括： 1. 感恩节的由来; 2. 感恩节的习俗; 3. 询问他家是如何庆祝感恩节的。参考范文 高考真题 2016年全国Ⅰ卷 Dear Jenkins， I am Li Hua， a student in the school you are teaching. How is everything going？ I am writing to ask you for some help on my preparations for a part-time job in a foreign company this summer vacation. Would you please help correct my application and resume which are included in the envelope. First of all， it is the first time that I have written an English application， so I am not sure whether the English expressions I used are appropriate or not. Could you give some improvements to them？ Whats more， the format of the resume and application also confuse me. I will really appreciate it if you could give me some examples of how to write an English resume. Looking forward to your early reply. Best wishes. Yours， Li Hua 2017年全國Ⅰ卷 Dear Leslie， How is everything going？ I am writing to tell you the learning plan of next Chinese lesson. There are three things about our next lesson. To begin with， is it OK for us to make it at 9：30 this Sunday morning and in your apartment？ Besides， our learning content will be about Tang poems， which play an important part in Chinese culture and are so popular in China. Only by knowing something about Tang Culture could you know our country better. At last， in order to study well， you could make some preparations for the lesson， like the history of Tang Dynasty. If the appointment is acceptable， I will visit you then. Looking forward to your early reply. Best wishes. Yours， Li Hua 2018年全国Ⅰ卷 Dear Terry， How is everything going？ I am writing to provide my suggestions on some Chinese customs since I know that you plan to visit a Chinese friend. As far as Im concerned， there are three aspects you need to pay attention to. Above all， youd better call your friend ahead of time to make an appointment. And your friend might tell you what time is proper for you to have a visit. Besides， as for the present， tea， fruits or snacks are all acceptable， because in our view， it is the mind of the gift that counts. At last， when it comes to the table manners， just to behave yourself is OK， for we Chinese are hospitable. And if you couldnt use the chopsticks very well for dinner， you might tell your friend and ask for a knife and fork instead. I wish you could enjoy yourself in your Chinese friends home. Yours， Li Hua 仿真模擬 练习1 Dear Sir or Madam， I am Li Hua， a senior 3 student in our school. I am writing to apply for the job as a volunteer for the English Corner which will be held next month. I suppose that I am qualified enough for the job. At first， my English is so excellent that I can use it fluently both in writing and speaking. Most importantly， being a friendly and kind student， I always help my classmates with their English study， from which I gain many strategies to help with improving spoken English. Last but not the least， there is no problem for me to get along well with others for I am very outgoing. So I have confidence in encouraging the students in the English Corner to speak English. I do hope you will consider my application. Looking forward to your early reply. Yours， Li Hua 练习2 Dear Tony， How is everything going？ I am writing to ask you for some knowledge about Thanksgiving Day since our English teacher assigned a report. As for Thanksgiving Day， the western festival， I have three questions to ask you. Firstly， could you tell me the origin of the festival or some stories about it？ Secondly， I also hope you could introduce some customs in your country when people celebrate the festival， such as some special food or activities. Do all Americans celebrate the day in the same way？ So finally， what about your family？ Do you mind telling me how your family celebrate this festival？ I would really appreciate it if you could reply me as soon as possible. Best wishes. Yours， Li Hua |
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