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标题 非谓语动词的解题步骤
范文

    袁汉邦

    非谓语动词是高考必考考点,难度较大,常在语法填空中以提示词为动词的形式出现。在遇到该类问题时,可以遵循下列步骤来解题。

    1. 判断是否填非谓语动词;

    2. 找出非谓语动词的逻辑主语;

    3. 根据非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间的关系确定主、被动关系;

    4. 根据非谓语动词与谓语动词之间的先后顺序确定时间关系;

    5. 确定非谓语动词的形式。

    一、 谓语动词和非谓语动词的区分

    可以通过口诀“圈谓语,找连词;有连词,填谓语;无连词,填非谓”来确定是否填非谓语动词。接下来通过两个例子区分谓语动词和非谓语动词。

    (1)He held a book in his hand, and______(pretend)to be reading.

    (2)He held a book in his hand, _____(pretend)to be reading.

    首先,我们圈出两句话的谓语动词,然后找到句中连词。句(1)中有连词and并列两个谓语动词held和pretend,句(2)中没有连词。所以第一个空填谓语动词pretended,第二个空填非谓语动词pretending。

    [训练]

    1. As time_____(go)by, more and more rural people run away from home to big cities to make a living.

    2. With time______(go)by, great changes have taken place in our hometown.

    3. He has three sisters, one of them______(be)a doctor.

    4. His parents died many years ago, so he______(bring)up by his grandparents.

    [解析]上述口诀进行判断,(1)(4)句中有连词as和so,所以(1)(4)两空分别填谓语动词goes和was brought;而(2)(3)两题句中无连词,所以分别填非谓语动词going和being。

    二、非谓语动词解题步骤实例分析

    在知晓非谓语动词的解题步骤后,我们通过实例分析进行掌握。

    [例1]The supermarket_______(complete)next year will be the biggest one in this area.

    [解析]

    第一步:判断是否填非谓语动词——通过“圈谓语”(will be),“找连词;无连词,填非谓”得出,该空填非谓语动词;

    第二步:找出非谓语动词的逻辑主语——非谓语动词(complete)的逻辑主语为the supermarket;

    第三步:根据非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间的关系确定主、被动关系——complete(完成)与the supermarket(超市)之间是被动关系;

    第四步:根据非谓语动词与谓语动词之间的先后顺序确定时间关系——通过next year表明complete发生在将来;

    第五步:确定非谓语动词的形式——结合以上判断得出,该空填to be done。

    综上所述,答案为to be completed。

    [例2]______(work)for two days, Steve finally managed to finish his report on schedule.

    第一步:判断是否填非谓语动词——通过“圈谓语”(managed),“找连词;无连词,填非谓”得出,该空填非谓语动词;

    第二步:找出该非谓语动词的逻辑主语——非谓语动词(work)的邏辑主语为Steve;

    第三步:根据非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间的关系确定主、被动关系——work(工作)与Steve之间是主动关系;

    第四步:根据非谓语动词与谓语动词之间的先后顺序确定时间关系——通过题意得知,Steve是先工作两天再按时完成报告,所以非谓语动词动作发生在主句动作之前;

    第五步:确定非谓语动词的形式——结合以上判断得出,该空填having done。

    综上所述,答案为Having worked。

    [训练]

    1. Jim still remembers the happy time______(spend)with his friends during his childhood.

    2. The park is full of people, ______(enjoy)themselves in the sunshine.

    3. ______(learn)more about Chinese traditional culture, Stephen decided to choose Chinese folk music as his major.

    4. _____(finish) all the work, he went home directly.

    5. The airport______(build)right now will promote tourism in this area.

    [解析]

    通过“圈谓语,找连词;无连词,填非谓”的口诀得出上述题目均填非谓语动词。

    1. 非谓语动词spend的逻辑主语为the happy time,且两者之间是被动关系,所以答案为spent。

    2. 非谓语动词enjoy的逻辑主语为people,两者之间是主动关系,且同时发生,所以答案为enjoying。

    3. 非谓语动词learn的逻辑主语为Jack,两者之间是主动关系,且根据题意得出,learn及后面的成分做句子的目的状语,表示“为了”,所以答案为To learn。

    4. 非谓语动词finish的逻辑主语为he,两者之间是主动关系,且根据题意得知,he是先完成所有工作再回家,故非谓语动作发生在谓语动词之前,所以答案为Having finished。

    5. 非谓语动词build的逻辑主语为the airport,两者之间是被动关系,且通过right now得出动作为现在进行时,所以答案为being built。

    三、小结

    通过以上分析,我们总结得出非谓语动词解题步骤的一般口诀:圈谓语,找连词;有连词,填谓语;无连词,填非谓;找逻主;确关系;定形式。

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更新时间:2024/12/22 22:51:31