| 单词 | fundamental |
| 释义 | fundamental adjectiveverbs | adverb | preposition verbs➤be, seem是基本；似乎是根本▸➤remain仍然是根本▸➤consider sth, regard sth as认为⋯是根本◆we consider these rights fundamental to democracy.我们认为这些权利是民主的基础。adverb➤really, truly, very必不可少；非常重要◆i think they made a very fundamental mistake.我认为他们犯了一个根本性的错误。➤absolutely, quite (especially bre) 绝对重要；十分根本◆this principle is absolutely fundamental.这项原则绝对重要。➤fairly, rather (especially name) 相当必要preposition➤to对⋯极其重要◆improved funding is fundamental to the success of the project.获得更多的资金对这一项目的成败至关重要。➤for对⋯来说极其重要◆low interest rates are fundamental for growth.低利率对增长极其重要。 fundamental adjectivefundamental ♦︎ underlying ♦︎ radical ♦︎ basic ♦︎ essential ♦︎ elementary ♦︎ ultimate ♦︎ rudimentarythese words all describe things such as problems and ideas that concern the most basic and important parts of sth.这些词均表示根本的、基本的。patterns and collocations 句型和搭配◆fundamental / basic to sth◆a fundamental / an underlying / a radical / a basic / an essential difference / distinction◆a fundamental / an underlying / a radical / a basic change / improvement◆a fundamental / radical / basic approach◆a fundamental / an underlying / a basic / an essential / an elementary rule / principle◆a fundamental / an underlying / a basic / an essential / the ultimate truth◆a fundamental / an underlying / a basic / an essential / the ultimate cause / reason◆a fundamental / an underlying / a basic / an essential assumption / aim / problem / cause / reason / need / weakness◆a fundamental / a basic / an elementary / a rudimentary skill / understanding / knowledge / level◆a fundamental / a basic / an elementary error / mistake■ fundamental /fʌndəmentl/ (rather formal, especially written) serious and very important; concerning the most central and important parts of sth; forming the necessary basis of sth十分重大的；根本的；基本的◆there is a fundamental difference between the two points of view.这两个观点有根本区别。◆a fundamental change in the organization of health services was required.公共医疗在组织架构上需要有一个根本性的变革。◆hard work is fundamental to success.勤奋工作是成功的基础。 ➡ see also fundamentals → basics ▸ fundamentally adverb◆the two approaches are fundamentally different.这两种处理方法完全不同。◆by the 1960s the situation had changed fundamentally.到 20 世纪 60 年代形势已发生了根本的变化。■ underlying /ʌndəlaɪɪŋ; name ʌndərlaɪɪŋ/ [only before noun] (rather formal, especially written) important in a situation but not always easily noticed or stated clearly根本的；潜在的；隐含的◆the underlying assumption is that the amount of money available is limited.隐含的假定是，可用的资金有限。◆unemployment may be an underlying cause of the rising crime rate.失业可能是犯罪率攀升的潜在原因。ⓘ typical collocates of underlying include cause, assumption, reason, motive, trend, theme, problem, reality and aim. * underlying 的常见搭配词有 cause、assumption、reason、motive、trend、theme、problem、reality 和 aim。■ radical /rædɪkl/ [usually before noun] (rather formal, especially written) (of changes or differences) concerning the most central and important parts of sth; thorough and complete（变革或差异）根本的，彻底的；完全的◆there have been demands for radical reform of the law.一直就有对法律进行彻底变革的要求。◆this document marks a radical departure from earlier recommendations.这份文件标志着对先前建议的完全背离。 ➡ see also radical → radical adj. ▸ radically adverb◆the new methods are radically different from the old.新方法迥然异于老方法。◆attitudes have changed radically.态度发生了根本的转变。note 辨析 fundamental or radical?a fundamental change or difference is one that involves the whole structure of a system or the principles on which sth is based. a radical change is an important change which has wide-ranging effects. * fundamental 指变革或差异涉及一项制度的整体结构或事物的基本原则，radical 指变革重大且影响广泛。■ basic concerning the most central and important parts of sth from which other things develop基本的；基础的◆they haven't even given us the most basic information we need.连我们所需要的最基本的信息他们都还未提供。◆during the first term, we will concentrate on the basic principles of law.第一学期我们将着重讲授法律的基本原则。◆drums are basic to african music.鼓是非洲音乐的基本乐器。ⓘ basic can also be used before a noun to mean 'necessary and important to all people'. * basic 用在名词前亦可表示“必需的、基本需要的”◆aren't food and shelter basic human rights?享有食物和住所难道不是基本人权吗？◆the report sets out the cost of basic foods in several european countries.报告陈述了几个欧洲国家基本食物的费用。 ➡ see also basics → basics ▸ basically adverb◆yes, that's basically correct.对，基本正确。◆there have been some problems but basically it's a good system.虽然出现过一些问题，但从根本上说这仍不失为一个好系统。■ essential [only before noun] connected with the most important aspect or basic nature of sb/sth本质的；基本的；根本的◆the essential difference between sara and me is our attitude to money.我与萨拉的根本区别在于我们对金钱的态度。◆the essential character of the town has been destroyed by the new road.这个城镇的主要特色被这条新马路毁了。 ➡ see also essence → nature 1 , essentials → basics ▸ essentially adverb◆there are three essentially different ways of tackling the problem.解决这个问题有三种完全不同的方法。◆the pattern is essentially the same in all cases.这种模式在所有情况下基本相同。note 辨析 basic or essential? basic looks at things from a practical point of view, concentrating on what is important in order to do or understand sth. essential looks at things from a more philosophical point of view, considering the very nature of things and what makes them different from or similar to other things. * basic 指从实际的角度看问题，强调在操作或理解上的重点。essential 更多从哲学的角度看问题，强调事物的本质及其异于或相似于他者的特征。■ elementary /elɪmentri/ (rather formal) concerning the most central and important matters or ideas基本的；根本性的◆how could you make such an elementary mistake?你怎么能犯这种根本性错误？◆it's an elementary law of economics: the scarcer the commodity, the higher the price.这是经济学的基本法则：商品越稀缺，价格越高。ⓘ when it is used to talk about education or learning, elementary usually describes a level or a stage in learning a subject. * elementary 修饰教育或学习时意思是初级的、基础的◆i'm taking classes in elementary italian.我在上意大利语基础课程。■ ultimate [only before noun] from which sth originally comes根本的；基本的；根源的◆the ultimate truths of philosophy and science哲学和科学的终极原理◆we could not trace the ultimate source of the rumours.我们不可能查出这些谣言的最初源头。▸ ultimately adverb◆all life depends ultimately on oxygen.一切生命归根到底都要依赖氧气。■ rudimentary /ruːdɪmentri/ (formal) concerning only the most basic matters or ideas基础的；基本的◆his understanding of the language is very rudimentary.他对这门语言仅有初步的认识。◆they were given only rudimentary training in the job.他们仅仅受过基本的职业训练。ⓘ rudimentary most often describes knowledge, understanding, skill or training. * rudimentary 最常描述 knowledge、understanding、skill 或 training。fundamental /fʌndəmentl/ (rather formal, especially written) serious and very important; concerning the most central and important parts of sth; forming the necessary basis of sth十分重大的；根本的；基本的◆there is a fundamental difference between the two points of view.这两个观点有根本区别。◆a fundamental change in the organization of health services was required.公共医疗在组织架构上需要有一个根本性的变革。◆hard work is fundamental to success.勤奋工作是成功的基础。 ➡ see also fundamentals → basics ▸ fundamentally adverb◆the two approaches are fundamentally different.这两种处理方法完全不同。◆by the 1960s the situation had changed fundamentally.到 20 世纪 60 年代形势已发生了根本的变化。fundamental/ˌfʌndəˈmentl ||; ˌfʌndəˈmɛntḷ/adj basic and important; from which everything else develops 基本的；重要的；根本的: ◇there will be fundamental changes in the way the school is run. 该校的运作方式将有重大变革。◇there is a fundamental difference between your opinion and mine. 你我的意见有重大的分歧。 ➔fundamentally /-təli ||; -tḷɪ/ adv ◇the government's policy has changed fundamentally. 政府政策已有根本的改变。 fundamentalsee ⇨ basic 1 fun·da·men·tal /ˏfʌndə`mɛntḷ; ˌfʌndəˈmentl◄/adjrelating to the most basic and important parts of something 基本的，根本的:◇fundamental changes to the education system 教育制度的根本变化 |
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