| 单词 | fail |
| 释义 | fail verb¹ 1not succeed不成功adverb | verb + fail | preposition | phrases adverb➤dismally, miserably惨败◆i tried to cheer her up, but failed miserably.我试图让她振作起来，结果却碰了一鼻子灰。➤spectacularly惊人地失败◆she came up with several plans that failed spectacularly before finally achieving success.她想出了几个方案，但都功败垂成。➤never从未失败◆that joke never fails.那个笑话屡试不爽。verb + fail➤cannot不可能失败◆the song can't fail to be a hit (= will definitely be a hit).这首歌定会一炮而红。➤can hardly几乎不会失败▸➤be bound to, be destined to, be doomed to必然会／命运决定要／注定会失败◆an enterprise that was doomed to fail from the start从一开始就注定会失败的事业preposition➤in在⋯方面失败◆doctors are failing in their duty if they do not warn their patients of the dangers.如果医生不提醒病人注意种种危险，那就是失职。phrases➤try and fail尝试并失败◆others have tried and failed.其他人试过，却失败了。fail verb² 2fail to do sth not do sth未做adverb➤completely, totally彻底／完全没有做到◆the authorities have totally failed to address this problem.当局完全没有处理这一问题。 fail /feɪl/ verb 1. [intransitive] to not be successful in achieving sth 失败；未能（做到）◆their marketing strategy failed to increase sales. 他们的营销策略未能增加销售额。◆they failed in their bid to buy the company. 他们意欲收购这家公司的行动失败了。◆so far, negotiations have failed. 到目前为止，谈判未果。 2. [intransitive] to not do sth 未做；未履行（某事）◆she failed to keep the appointment. 她未能赴约。◆they claim that the government has failed in its duties. 他们声称政府失职。 3. [intransitive] (about a business) to be unable to continue （企业）破产，倒闭◆statistics show that 80% of businesses fail within the first five years. 统计显示有 80% 的企业在开业五年之内倒闭。◆a failing company 一家濒临倒闭的公司 4. [intransitive] (about a machine or system) to stop working （机器或系统）出故障，失灵◆the idea is that if one part of the system fails, the others continue to run. 这个构思是，如果系统的某部分出故障，其他部分也能继续运行。 5. [transitive] to not pass a test or an exam; to decide that sb/sth has not passed a test or an exam （测验或考试）不及格；评定不及格◆she failed her professional exams. 她专业考试不及格。◆190 units failed inspection last month. 上个月有 190 件产品检验不合格。 opp pass fail /feɪl/ noun [countable] the result of a test or an exam when sb/sth is not successful （考试）不及格 ●without fail1.when you tell sb to do sth without fail, you are telling them that they must do it 务必；一定◆i want you here by two o'clock without fail. 我要你两点钟之前务必来到这儿。2.always 总是；必定◆she attends board meetings without fail. 她从不缺席董事会会议。☞ fail☞ failfail verb 1➤fail to keep an appointment未履约➤fail in your attempt尝试失败➤fail an exam考试不及格fail ♦︎ forget ♦︎ neglect ♦︎ omitthese words all mean to not do sth that you should do.这些词均表示不做或未能做某事。patterns and collocations 句型和搭配◆to fail / forget / neglect / omit to do sth◆to completely / totally / almost / never / conveniently fail / forget to do sth■ fail [transitive, intransitive] (rather formal) to not do sth不做；未履行◆he failed to keep the appointment.他未履约。◆she never fails to email every week.每周她必定发电子邮件。◆i fail to see (= i don't understand) why you won't even give it a try.我不明白为什么你连试一试都不愿意。◆he felt he would be failing in his duty if he did not report it.他认为他如果不报告就是失职。▸ failure noun [uncountable, countable] ◆failure to comply with the regulations will result in prosecution.不遵守这些条例将被起诉。◆his confession followed repeated failures to appear in court.屡次缺席出庭后他供认了罪行。■ forget (forgetting, forgot, forgotten) [intransitive, transitive] to not remember to do sth that you ought to do忘记做◆'why weren't you at the meeting?' 'sorry－i forgot.'“你为什么没有参加会议？”“对不起，我忘了。”◆take care, and don't forget to write.多加保重，别忘了写信。◆ (spoken) aren't you forgetting something?(= i think you have forgotten to do sth).你没有忘记什么吗？opp remember → remember ➡ see also forget → leave 4 ■ neglect /nɪglekt/ [intransitive] (formal) to fail or forget to do sth that you ought to do疏忽；疏漏◆you neglected to mention the name of your previous employer.你忘了提你前雇主的名字。■ omit /əmɪt/ (-tt-) [intransitive] (especially bre, formal) to fail to do sth不做；未能做◆she omitted to mention that they were staying the night.她没说他们当晚要留宿的事。note 辨析 neglect or omit? neglect can suggest that you think the person simply forgot or did not bother to carry out the necessary action; omit can suggest that not doing or saying sth was deliberate. omit is used most often with speech-related verbs such as ask, disclose, inform, mention, say and tell. * neglect 暗指只是因一时大意或图省事而没有做该做的事； omit 暗指故意不做或不说某事。omit 最常跟与说话相关的动词连用，如 ask、disclose、inform、mention、say 和 tell。fail verb 2➤fail to keep an appointment未履约➤fail in your attempt尝试失败➤fail an exam考试不及格fail ♦︎ go wrong ♦︎ collapse ♦︎ break down ♦︎ get/go nowhere ♦︎ backfire ♦︎ founder ♦︎ fall through ♦︎ come to nothingthese words all mean to be unsuccessful, especially after a period of time trying to do sth.这些词均表示失败，尤指劳而无功。patterns and collocations 句型和搭配◆a plan fails / goes wrong / backfires / founders / falls through / comes to nothing◆a relationship / marriage fails / goes wrong / collapses / breaks down◆talks fail / collapse / break down / founder / fall through◆a project fails / collapses / founders / falls through◆a deal goes wrong / collapses / falls through◆to fail / backfire badly◆to completely fail / break down◆to go badly / completely wrong■ fail [intransitive, transitive](of a person or thing) to not be successful in achieving sth（人或事物）失败，未能（做到）◆they had tried and they had failed.他们努力过，也失败过。◆i failed in my attempt to persuade her.我未能说服她。◆i tried to cheer her up, but failed miserably.我尽量让她高兴起来，但丝毫不成功。◆she failed to get into art college.她未能进入艺术学院。opp succeed → achieve , succeed → succeed ➡ see also failure → loser 2 ■ go wrong -->idiom(goes, went, gone) (rather informal) (of a thing) to experience problems or difficulties; (of a person) to make a mistake（事情）出现问题，遇到困难；（人）犯错误，做错事◆the relationship started to go wrong when they moved abroad.移居国外后，他们的关系开始出问题了。◆what would you do if something went wrong?要是出问题的话，你会怎么做？◆he was badly injured when the joke went horribly wrong.玩笑开得过了火，他很受伤害。◆where did we go wrong with those kids (= what mistakes did we make for them to behave so badly)?我们什么地方做错了，把这些孩子惯成这样？◆if you do what she tells you, you won't go far wrong.你要是照她说的去做，就不会出大差错。■ collapse /kəlæps/ [intransitive](of a thing or group of people) to fail suddenly and completely（事物或一群人）突然失败，崩溃◆talks between management and unions have collapsed.资方与工会的谈判已告破裂。◆all opposition to the plan has collapsed.所有反对此计划的力量均已消除。◆the home side collapsed spectacularly in the second half.主队在下半场溃不成军。■ break down phrasal verb(broke, broken)(of talks or a relationship) to fail after a period of time, especially because of a problem or difficulty（谈判或关系）破裂（尤指因问题或困难所致）◆the agreement broke down almost immediately.协定几乎立刻破裂。◆communication between the two sides has broken down.双方的沟通已经中断。◆they were divorced on the grounds that their marriage had broken down irretrievably.他们离婚是因为婚姻破裂，无可挽救。■ get nowhere-->■ go nowhere-->-->idiom(getting, got, got; name spoken getting, got, gotten; goes, went, gone) (rather informal) (usually of a person) to make no progress or have no success; to allow sb to do this（通常指人）毫无进展；（让某人）一无所获◆we discussed it all morning but got nowhere.我们就此事讨论了一上午，但毫无进展。◆do you ever get the feeling your job is going nowhere?你是否曾经觉得自己的工作一无所成？◆talking to him will get you nowhere.和他谈话你会一无所获。opp get somewhere ⓘ to be getting somewhere is to be making progress in what you are doing. * get somewhere 表示有进展◆at last i feel we're getting somewhere.我终于觉得我们有了一些进展。■ backfire /bækfaɪə(r)/ [intransitive](of a plan) to have the opposite effect to the one intended, with bad or dangerous results（计划）产生事与愿违的不良（或危险）后果◆unfortunately the plan backfired.不幸的是，此计划产生了适得其反的结果。◆the surprise i had planned backfired on me.我本想制造惊喜，结果却弄巧成拙。■ founder [intransitive] (rather formal, written) (of a plan or attempt to do sth) to fail because of a particular problem or difficulty（计划或做某事的企图）失败，破产◆the peace talks foundered on a basic lack of trust.由于缺乏基本信任，和平谈判失败了。◆the project foundered after problems with the funding.该项目因资金问题搁浅了。■ fall through -->phrasal verb(fell, fallen)(of a plan) to not be completed, or not happen（计划）落空，失败，成为泡影◆the deal fell through when the author received a more attractive offer.作者接受了别家更优厚的条件后，这笔交易落空了。■ come to nothing-->■ not come to anything -->idiom(came, come) (rather informal) (of a plan or attempt to do sth) to be unsuccessful; to have no successful result（计划或做某事的企图）失败；没有结果◆how sad that all his hard work should come to nothing.他的所有辛劳可能落得一场空，真让人难过。◆her plans didn't come to anything.她的计划全落空了。fail verb 3➤fail to keep an appointment未履约➤fail in your attempt尝试失败➤fail an exam考试不及格fail ♦︎ flunkthese words both mean to not pass a test or exam, or to decide that sb has not passed a test or exam.这两个词均表示考试不及格或评定不及格。patterns and collocations 句型和搭配◆to fail / flunk a / an exam / examination / test / course■ fail [intransitive, transitive] to not pass a test, exam or course; to decide that sb/sth has not passed a test, exam or course不及格；评定⋯不及格◆once a student has failed on a few tasks, they lose motivation.学生一旦有几次作业不及格，就会失去学习动力。◆what will you do if you fail?你要是考试不及格打算干什么？◆he failed his driving test.他驾驶考试不及格。◆she was disqualified after failing a drugs test.她药检未通过，被取消了资格。◆my car failed its mot.我的车没能通过旧车性能检测。◆the examiners failed over half the candidates.主考人员评定，半数以上报考者不及格。 opp pass → graduate ■ flunk [intransitive, transitive] (especially name, informal) (of a person) to fail a test, exam or course; to make sb fail a test, exam or course by giving them a low grade（人在测验、考试或课程中）失败，不及格；评定（某人）不及格◆i flunked math in second grade.我二年级时数学不及格。◆she's flunked 13 of the 18 students.18 个学生她就给了 13 个不及格。◆he flunked out of college after four semesters (= had to leave because his grades were not good enough).四个学期后他因成绩不及格而退学了。opp pass → graduate fail [intransitive](of a system, part of a machine or system, or part of the body) to stop working（系统、机器或系统的一部份）出故障，失灵；（身体部位）出毛病◆the air-conditioning system failed on the hottest day of the year.空调系统在一年里最热的那天瘫痪了。◆the brakes on my bike failed halfway down the hill.我的自行车下山途中车闸失灵了。▸ failure noun [uncountable, countable] ◆patients suffering from heart / kidney failure心脏／肾衰竭的病人◆a power failure plunged everything into darkness.停电使一切陷入黑暗。 fail [intransitive](of a business) to be unable to continue operating（企业）倒闭，破产◆more banks failed as people rushed to withdraw their money.由于人们争相挤兑，更多银行倒闭了。▸ failure noun [countable, uncountable] ◆there has been an alarming increase in business failures.企业倒闭数字的上升令人担忧。 fail [transitive] (rather formal) to not help or support sb as they had hoped, or had a right to expect使失望；有负于；无能为力◆when he lost his job, he felt he had failed his family.丢了工作后，他感到有负于自己的家庭。◆she tried to be brave, but her courage failed her.她想勇敢，但却鼓不起勇气。◆ (figurative) words fail me (= i cannot express how i feel).我无以言表。ⓘ people can fail other people, especially those who depend on them, such as their family, children, friends or colleagues; or your courage, nerve or heart (= meaning 'courage') can fail you. * fail 可指有负于别人，尤其是那些依赖自己的人，如家人、子女、朋友或同事； fail 也可以 courage、nerve、heart 等词作主语，指缺乏胆量、勇气或信心。 fail [transitive, intransitive] (rather formal) to not do sth不做；未履行◆he failed to keep the appointment.他未履约。◆she never fails to email every week.每周她必定发电子邮件。◆i fail to see (= i don't understand) why you won't even give it a try.我不明白为什么你连试一试都不愿意。◆he felt he would be failing in his duty if he did not report it.他认为他如果不报告就是失职。▸ failure noun [uncountable, countable] ◆failure to comply with the regulations will result in prosecution.不遵守这些条例将被起诉。◆his confession followed repeated failures to appear in court.屡次缺席出庭后他供认了罪行。 fail [intransitive, transitive](of a person or thing) to not be successful in achieving sth（人或事物）失败，未能（做到）◆they had tried and they had failed.他们努力过，也失败过。◆i failed in my attempt to persuade her.我未能说服她。◆i tried to cheer her up, but failed miserably.我尽量让她高兴起来，但丝毫不成功。◆she failed to get into art college.她未能进入艺术学院。opp succeed → achieve , succeed → succeed ➡ see also failure → loser 2 fail [intransitive, transitive] to not pass a test, exam or course; to decide that sb/sth has not passed a test, exam or course不及格；评定⋯不及格◆once a student has failed on a few tasks, they lose motivation.学生一旦有几次作业不及格，就会失去学习动力。◆what will you do if you fail?你要是考试不及格打算干什么？◆he failed his driving test.他驾驶考试不及格。◆she was disqualified after failing a drugs test.她药检未通过，被取消了资格。◆my car failed its mot.我的车没能通过旧车性能检测。◆the examiners failed over half the candidates.主考人员评定，半数以上报考者不及格。 opp pass → graduate fail [intransitive] (used especially in the progressive tenses尤用于进行时) (of sb's health or sight) to become weak（健康或视力）衰退◆her eyesight is failing.她的视力日渐衰退。◆his last months in office were marred by failing health.由于健康恶化，他任职最后几个月的工作受到了影响。fail¹/feɪl ||; fel/verb1. [i,t] to not be successful in sth 失败 · ◇she failed her driving test. 她驾驶考试不及格。◇i feel that i've failed -- i'm 25 and i still haven't got a steady job. 我觉得自己真没出息──25岁了，还没有找到一份固定的工作。 ☞look at pass and succeed. 参看pass及succeed。 2. [t] to decide that sb is not successful in a test, exam, etc 评定某人考试不及格: ◇the examiners failed half of the candidates. 主考官评定半数应试者不及格。 [opp] pass 反义词为pass 3. [i] fail to do sth to not do sth 没有做（某事）: ◇she never fails to do her homework. 她从来没有不做功课。 4. [i,t] to not be enough or not do what people are expecting or wanting 缺乏；满足不了（要求或期望）: ◇if the crops fail, people will starve. 如果作物歉收，人们就要挨饿了。◇i think the government has failed us. 依我看，是政府辜负了我们。 5. [i] (used about health, eyesight, etc) to become weak （指健康、视力等）衰退: ◇his health is failing. 他的身体一天不如一天。 6. [i] to stop working 失灵；失去作用: ◇my brakes failed on the hill but i managed to stop the car. 在坡路的时候刹车坏了，但我终于使汽车停下来。 fail²/feɪl ||; fel/noun [c] the act not being successful in an exam 考试不及格 [opp] pass 反义词为passwithout fail always, even if there are difficulties 总是（尽管有困难）: ◇the postman always comes at 8 o'clock without fail. 邮递员总是8点来，天天如此，风雨无阻。 fail1 when you do not succeed2 when a plan or attempt fails3 to have the opposite effect to what was intended4 certain to fail5 when an event or product is unsuccessful6 to fail an exam or test7 when a relationship or marriage fails8 when a company, shop, or business fails9 a time when an economy is not successfulrelated wordsoppositesucceed/successful,lose a game, argument, election, war etc 输掉比赛、争论、竞选、战争等 lose,see alsotest,business,1. when you do not succeed 不成功时 fail /feɪl/ [intransitive verb] we tried to make her change her mind, but we failed. 我们试图让她改变主意，但未能成功。fail to do something i failed to convince him that i was right. 我无法说服他我是对的。 having failed to find her friend, she decided to return home. 她找不到她的朋友，决定回家去。fail completely if they were trying to put us out of business, they have failed completely. 如果他们本来是想让我们关门大吉，那么他们是彻底地失败了。fail miserably fail completely, in a way that is embarrassing 惨败 millions of people have tried to quit smoking and failed miserably. 数以百万计的人试过戒烟，却以惨败告终。 failure /ˈfeɪljəʳ/ [countable/uncountable noun] when you fail in something you are trying to do 失败 she never tries anything because she's terrified of failure. 她故步自封，因为她害怕失败。 his ability has been called into question after a number of recent failures. 经过最近的几次失败，他的能力受到怀疑。failure to do something the failure of the international community to deal effectively with the problem has cost thousands of lives. 国际社会未能有效地处理这一问题，致使数千人丧生。 not make it /nɒt ˈmeɪk ɪt/ [verb phrase] informal to fail in your job, especially because you do not earn a lot of money or do not become well known and respected 【非正式】［工作中］失败［尤因没有名成利遂］ not make it as no one was surprised when he didn't make it as a rock star. 他没有成为摇滚乐歌星，没人感到吃惊。not make it in she soon realized she'd never make it in the cut-throat world of journalism. 她很快就意识到，在这竞争残酷的新闻界，她永远都不会成功。 get nowhere /ˌget ˈnəʊweəʳ/ [verb phrase] to fail after trying hard for a long time ［长时间努力之后］失败，不成功 unless you compromise, you'll get nowhere. 除非你作出让步，不然是无法成功的。get nowhere with realizing she was getting nowhere with paul, she approached john. 她意识到和保罗之间没有成功希望了，便去接近约翰。 for nothing /fəʳ ˈnʌθɪŋ/ [adverb] if all your work, preparation etc is for nothing, you have tried to achieve something and spent a lot of time on it, but failed ［所有的工作、准备等］白费 if we don't get the contract all our hard work will have been for nothing. 如果我们得不到这份合同，那我们所有的艰苦工作就都白干了。 i don't want to struggle all my life for nothing. 我可不想一辈子奋斗却一无所得。 in vain /ɪn ˈveɪn/ [adverb] if you tried to do something in vain, or if your efforts were in vain,you completely failed after a lot of effort 徒然，无济于事地 try/search/battle etc in vain doctors tried in vain to save him but he died just before dawn. 医生对他抢救无效，就在天亮前他去世了。 police have spent hours searching in vain for the missing teenager. 警方花了几个小时寻找这个失踪少年却毫无结果。be in vain it took a great deal of courage to admit that all her efforts had been in vain. 她承认自己的努力都白费了，这是需要极大勇气才能做到的。 draw a blank british /come up empty-handed american /ˌdrɔː ə ˈblæŋk, ˌkʌm ʌp ˌempti ˈhændə̇d/ [verb phrase] informal fail to find or discover information or a person or thing you are looking for 【非正式】［寻找］毫无结果 once again police investigators have drawn a blank. 警方调查人员又一次落了空。 the private detective she hired to look for him had come up empty-handed. 她雇来寻找他下落的私人侦探一无所得。2. when a plan or attempt fails 计划或尝试失败 fail /feɪl/ [intransitive verb] if a plan or attempt fails, it does not achieve what you want it to achieve 失败 they said the latest space mission was bound to fail. 他们说最新的太空飞行任务注定要失败。 try changing the spark plugs, but if that fails take the car to a mechanic. 试试换火花塞，如果还不行就把车给技师去修。fail to do something the investigation failed to establish the cause of the accident. 此次调查未能找出事故原因。something never fails the only way i can make her help me is to pretend i don't want her help. it never fails. 让她来帮我忙的唯一办法是装出我不要她帮忙。这一招百试不爽。 failure /ˈfeɪljəʳ/ [countable/uncountable noun] when a plan or attempt fails 失败，不成功 failure of the failure of the peace talks has led to increased tension on the streets. 和谈的失败使街上的气氛更趋紧张。end/result in failure their first attempt to climb mount everest ended in failure. 他们首次攀登珠穆朗玛峰的尝试以失败告终。 not succeed /nɒt səkˈsiːd/ [verb phrase] to fail 没有成功 hoover's attempts to boost the economy did not succeed. 胡佛振兴经济的尝试没有取得成功。 i argued that neither strategy could succeed. 我认为两种策略都不会成功。not succeed in doing something the campaign might not succeed in eliminating the disease, but it would make people think about health and hygiene. 这次运动不一定能根除这一疾病，但它将引起人们对健康和卫生的重视。 unsuccessful /ˌʌnsəkˈsesfəl◂/ [adjective] an unsuccessful attempt to do something does not have the result that you wanted ［尝试］不成功的； the army made an unsuccessful attempt to end the rebellion. 军队试图平定叛乱但未获成功。 i regret to inform you that your application was unsuccessful. 很遗憾，您的申请未能通过，现特函通知。 vain /veɪn/ [adjective only before noun] vain attempt/effort/search a serious attempt, effort etc that is completely unsuccessful 徒劳的尝试/努力/寻找 i remembered all my vain attempts to change his mind. 我还记得如何想方设法改变他想法却徒劳无功。 he stretched up his arms in a vain effort to reach the top of the embankment. 他伸直了双臂徒劳地想要抓到堤岸的顶部。 fruitless /ˈfruːtləs/ [adjective] fruitless attempt/search/effort etc one that fails completely to bring the result that you want 无结果的尝试/搜查/努力等 i spent the next three hours in a fruitless search of her room. 我接着对她的房间搜寻了三个小时却毫无收获。 after weeks of fruitless argument they finally agreed to go their separate ways. 经过几周毫无结果的争论之后，他们最后决定各走各的路。 their attempt to settle the dispute by peaceful negotiations proved fruitless. 他们想通过和平谈判来解决争端的尝试最终失败了。 unproductive /ˌʌnprəˈdʌktɪv◂/ [adjective] a meeting, discussion etc that is unproductive produces very few good results ［会议、讨论等］无成效的；无结果的 the meeting was long and noisy, but unproductive. 这次会议冗长嘈杂，却没有什么结果。 it was one of those unproductive confrontations between students and senior members of the university. 这次学生与大学高层之间的冲突又没取得什么结果。 be a failure /biː ə ˈfeɪljəʳ/ [verb phrase] to be unsuccessful - use this especially about something that fails even though it was very carefully planned ［尤指虽经周密计划还是］失败了，未获成功 the government's expensive election campaign had been a failure. 该政府花费高昂的竞选宣传活动失败了。be a complete/total failure there was a 5-year plan to modernize the economy, but it was a complete failure. 有一个使经济现代化的五年计划，但是彻底失败了。 go wrong /ˌgəʊ ˈrɒŋǁ-ˈrɔːŋ/ [verb phrase] if a planned attempt to do something goes wrong, it fails after it has started well ［开始很好，到后来却］失败，出错 the experiment went wrong when the chemicals combined to form a poisonous gas. 化学物混合产生了一种有毒气体，于是这次试验失败了。go badly wrong british fail completely 【英】彻底失败 the rescue attempt went badly wrong when the building collapsed. 建筑物倒塌，营救行动彻底失败。 not work /nɒt ˈwɜːʳk/ [verb phrase] if a method or attempt does not work, it fails because it is not suitable or not right for the situation you are in ［方法、尝试等］行不通，失败 i tried to fix it with glue, but that didn't work. 我想用胶水把它固定住，但是不行。not work with teaching methods that work with adults do not always work with children. 适用于成年人的教学方法对儿童未必总是行得通。 do no good /ˌduː nəʊ ˈgʊd/ [verb phrase] if something you do to try to help or deal with a problem does no good, it does not have any useful effect ［为对付某问题所做的事］没有什么用 calm down robyn. getting hysterical will do no good. 罗宾，你要冷静。歇斯底里解决不了问题。 you can try and persuade her to change her mind, but i don't think it'll do any good. 你可以试试说服她改变主意，不过我觉得这没什么用。do no good whatsoever have no useful effect at all 完全不起作用 judges expect a certain level of competence, so staging a little-girl-lost act in court will do no good whatsoever. 法官要求律师具备一定的能力，因此在法庭上摆出一副天真无知的模样效果不会好。 fall through /ˌfɔːl ˈθruː/ [intransitive phrasal verb not in progressive] if a plan, arrangement, or deal falls through, something stops it from happening, with the result that people are disappointed ［计划、安排或交易］落空；告吹 the deal fell through because they couldn't get enough money from the bank. 这笔生意告吹了，因为他们从银行借不到足够的钱。 it was unbelievable -- it took two years to set the whole thing up and it fell through at the last minute! 真难以相信—整个事情花了两年时间去安排，在最后一分钟却落空了。 be dead in the water /biː ˌded ɪn ðə ˈwɔːtəʳ/ [verb phrase] if a business or political plan is dead in the water, it has failed completely, almost before it has even started - used especially in newspapers ［商业或政治计划］彻底失败，胎死腹中［尤用于报刊］ their election campaign now appears to be dead in the water. 他们的竞选宣传活动现在看来是完全失败了。3. to have the opposite effect to what was intended 发生与预计相反的结果 backfire /ˌbækˈfaɪəʳǁˈbækfaɪər/ [intransitive verb] if a plan or action backfires, it is intended to do one thing but instead does the opposite 产生事与愿违的结果，弄巧成拙 his plan to get attention backfired, and instead of being promoted he lost his job. 他想引起别人的重视却事与愿违，没有得到提升反而丢了工作。backfire on trying to make your partner jealous by flirting with other people can easily backfire on you. 跟别人调情以引起你配偶的嫉妒，这么做很容易弄巧成拙。 self-defeating /ˌself dɪˈfiːtɪŋ◂/ [adjective] an action or plan that is self-defeating is not well planned or is badly done, so that it produces the opposite effect from the one intended 弄巧成拙的，适得其反的 taxing poor people to pay for hospitals is always self- defeating. 向穷人征税以支付医院费用，这种做法总是适得其反的。 attempts to stir up nationalistic feeling at such times are bound to be self-defeating. 在这种时候企图煽动民族主义情绪肯定会弄巧成拙。 counterproductive /ˌkaʊntəʳprəˈdʌktɪv◂/ [adjective not usually before noun] intended to make something better, but actually making it worse 产生反效果的 putting very young offenders in prison can be counterproductive. 监禁少年犯有时候会适得其反。 constant correction by a teacher is often counterproductive, as the student may become afraid to speak at all. 老师如不断纠正学生的错误往往会事与愿违，因为这样学生会不敢开口说话。4. certain to fail 必然失败 pointless /ˈpɔɪntləs/ [adjective] something that is pointless is unlikely to have a very useful or successful result, so it would be better not to do it or try it 无意义的，无益的 the argument was completely pointless. 这场争吵毫无意义。 most people think the project is a pointless waste of money. 大部分人都认为该计划是在毫无必要地浪费金钱。pointless exercise speculating like that was always a pointless exercise, but he did it nevertheless. 做那种推测从来就是无意义的，但他还是做了。it is pointless to do something it's pointless to take notes and then never look at them again. 记了笔记又从来不看是白费工夫。it is pointless doing something she decided it was pointless trying to work while her mind was on other things. 她想清楚了，当自己心思在别的事情上时想要工作是无谓的。 be a waste of time /biː ə ˌweɪst əv ˈtaɪm/ [verb phrase] especially spoken something that is a waste of time is unlikely to achieve any useful result, so you would be wasting your time if you tried to do it 【尤口】是在浪费时间 many people think that complaining about bad service is a waste of time. 许多人都觉得抱怨服务不佳纯属浪费时间。a complete/total waste of time these meetings are a complete waste of time. nothing ever gets decided. 这些会议完全在浪费时间，什么事都决定不下来。it is a waste of time doing something it's a waste of time going to the doctor - he'll just tell you to get plenty of rest. 去看医生是浪费时间，他就会告诉你多休息。 there's no point/what's the point /ðeəʳz ˌnəʊ ˈpɔɪnt, ˌwɒts ðə ˈpɔɪnt/ spoken say this when you think that it is useless to do something because you will not achieve anything useful by doing it 【口】没有用的，有什么意思 ‘why don't you try to explain things to him?’ ‘there's no point, he never listens.’ “你为什么不设法把情况向他解释一下呢？”“解释了也没有用，他从来都听不进去的。” i was going to buy a new car, but what's the point when my old one's perfectly all right? 我曾打算买辆新车，可我那辆旧车还好好的，干嘛要买新的?there's no point (in) doing something there's no point getting a new carpet until the decorating's done. 装修完工之前买新地毯是没意思的。what's the point in/of doing something? what's the point of giving a signal when there are no other cars around to see it? 周围没有别的汽车看见，那么发出信号又有什么用？ doomed /duːmd/ [adjective] not having any chance at all of succeeding 注定要失败的 attempts to clean up the environment are doomed unless businesses take a leading role. 除非企业起带头作用，否则治理环境的努力必定失败。 within a few months she realized that her marriage was doomed. 仅仅几个月她就已经清楚自己的婚姻注定要失败了。doomed to failure if you refuse to provide any information to the user, then your computer program is doomed to failure. 如果你不愿意向用户提供任何信息，那么你的电脑程序必定会失败。doomed from the start their business venture was doomed from the start, as they did not have the necessary capital. 他们的商业计划一开始就注定要失败，因为他们没有必需的资金。 lost cause /ˌlɒst ˈkɔːzǁˌlɔːst-/ [countable noun] something that you try to make successful, although it seems very clear to other people that it cannot succeed 败局已定的事 at first it seemed the attempt to save the species was a lost cause. 起初拯救那一物种的尝试似乎是注定不会成功的。 the miners’ strike of 1984 turned out to be a lost cause. 1984年的矿工罢工最终成了无可挽回的败局。 non-starter /nɒn ˈstɑːʳtəʳ/ [countable noun] british an idea or plan that will definitely not be successful 【英】无成功希望的想法［计划］ everybody would prefer a lower rate of tax, but that that is a non-starter economically. 人人都喜欢低税率，但从经济的角度来说这是办不到的。 the project would have been a non-starter without the help of judith glyn. 如果没有朱迪思·格林的帮助，此计划就绝无成功的希望。5. when an event or product is unsuccessful 某一事件或产品未能成功 be a failure /biː ə ˈfeɪljəʳ/ [verb phrase] the latest model seems likely to be a failure since cheaper versions are now available. 现在已有更廉价的款式出售，这批最新产品看样子很可能失败。be a complete/total failure it takes a little while for an author to realize that his book has been a complete failure. 一个作者要认识到自己的书是彻底失败的作品需要一段时间。be a commercial failure to not make enough profit 商业上失败 her first film was praised by the critics, but was a commercial failure. 她拍的第一部电影受到评论家的好评，但从商业角度看却失败了。 be a fiasco /biː ə fiˈæskəʊ/ [verb phrase] to be completely unsuccessful, in a way that makes people feel disappointed and embarrassed 彻底失败［以致使人失望或尴尬］ it was a fiasco! nobody knew what they were doing and everything went wrong. 彻底完蛋了！没人知道他们在搞些什么，没有一件事是顺利的。 the show turned into a fiasco when members of the audience invaded the stage. 一些观众蹿上舞台，演出完全失败了。be a complete/total fiasco lamont's attempts to prop up the pound were a complete fiasco. 拉蒙特想把英镑撑住的努力彻底失败了。 be a disaster /biː ə dɪˈzɑːstəʳǁ-ˈzæs-/ [verb phrase] if an event, especially a social event, is a disaster, it makes people feel angry, disappointed, or embarrassed, instead of being enjoyable ［尤指社交活动］全搞砸了 our first date was a disaster. 我们的首次约会彻底失败。 the whole visit was something of a disaster, and he was still recovering from it months later. 整个访问以惨败告终，几个月之后他心里还没恢复平静。be a total/complete disaster even the host would have to admit that the evening had been a complete disaster. 连主人也不得不承认那天晚上的活动是完全失败的。 be a shambles /biː ə ˈʃæmbəlz/ [verb phrase] if a situation or event is a shambles, it is completely unsuccessful because it has been very badly planned or organized ［场面或活动］搞得一团糟 the whole conference was a shambles because half the speakers did not come. 整个会议开得一团糟，因为有一半的演讲者都没有到场。 the way this school is run is a shambles. 这所学校管理得一塌糊涂。be a complete/total shambles let's hope this year's celebrations aren't a complete shambles like last year's. 但愿今年的庆祝会不像去年一样开得乱七八糟。 flop/be a flop /flɒp, biː ə ˈflɒpǁ-ˈflɑːp/ [intransitive verb/verb phrase] if a product, play, or performance flops or is a flop, it is not successful because people do not like it ［产品、戏剧或演出］不受人欢迎，失败 the movie flopped and laughton never got the chance to direct again. 影片失败了，劳顿从此再也没有得到导演的机会。 it was just another so-called "wonder product' that flopped when people failed to buy it. 这不过又是一种所谓的“神奇产品”，因无人问津而告失败。 despite all the publicity, the show was a flop. 尽管做了那么多宣传，这场演出还是不受欢迎。 it is the public who decide whether a film will be a hit or a flop. 一部电影是轰动还是无人问津由观众来决定。 bomb /bɒmǁbɑːm/ [intransitive verb] informal if a product, play, or performance bombs, it is not successful because people do not like it 【非正式】［产品、戏剧或演出］不受人喜爱；砸锅 although the show was a hit in london it bombed on broadway. 尽管这部戏在伦敦十分卖座，但在百老汇却砸了锅。 she has had few offers of work since her last movie bombed so spectacularly. 自从她上部影片的票房一败涂地，她就极少得到片约了。6. to fail an exam or test 考试或测验失败 fail /feɪl/ [intransitive/transitive verb] to not succeed in an examination or test 不及格；没有通过 jonathan failed his law exams at the end of the year. 乔纳森年底的法律考试未能及格。 if i fail my driving test again, i'm going to give up. 如果我驾驶考试再失败的话，我打算放弃了。 ‘how did you do in accountancy?’ ‘i failed’. “你会计学考得怎么样？”“我没有及格。”fail by 2 marks/5% etc we expected her to pass easily, but she failed by 15 marks. 我们原以为她能轻易通过，可她的分数比及格分数低15分。 flunk /flʌŋk/ [intransitive/transitive verb] especially american, informal to fail an examination or test 【尤美，非正式】［考试］不及格，未通过 he thought he was going to flunk chemistry, but he got a d. 他以为化学要不及格了，不过还是得了个d。 i flunked, and had to do the test again. 我不及格，得重考。 flunk out /ˌflʌŋk ˈaʊt/ [intransitive phrasal verb] especially american informal to fail a course at college or university and be forced to leave 【尤美，非正式】［在大学里因不及格］被迫退学 you either pass and get your degree or flunk out. 你要么通过考试拿到学位，要么就退学回家。flunk out of college/school etc it was extremely humiliating to flunk out of law school like that. 像那样从法学院被迫退学是很丢脸的事。 bomb /bɒmǁbɑːm/ [transitive verb] american informal to fail very badly 【美，非正式】严重失利，把…考砸了 i bombed the english test yesterday. 昨天我英语测验考砸了。7. when a relationship or marriage fails 一段关系或婚姻失败 fail /feɪl/ [intransitive verb] if your marriage fails it can be difficult to make a new start in life. 如果婚姻失败，你的生活可能难以重新开始。 she was trapped in a failing relationship. 她被困在日益恶化的关系之中。 failed [adjective only before noun] he was 50, in bad health and with two failed marriages behind him. 他50岁，健康状况不佳，有过两次失败的婚姻。 go wrong /ˌgəʊ ˈrɒŋǁ-ˈrɔːŋ/ [verb phrase] british if a marriage or other relationship goes wrong, or something about it goes wrong,something happens or changes to make it fail after it had started well 【英】［婚姻或其他关系］恶化 it was soon after the birth of their first child that their relationship started to go wrong. 他们第一个孩子出生之后没多久婚姻就出现了危机。 only the two of you know what went wrong. 只有你们两个知道是什么不对劲了。 be on the rocks /biː ɒn ðə ˈrɒksǁ-ˈrɑːks/ [verb phrase] informal if a marriage is on the rocks, it is in difficulties and likely to fail 【非正式】［婚姻］濒于破裂，面临失败 there had been signs that their marriage was on the rocks for years. 有迹象表明他们的婚姻多年来一直有问题。8. when a company, shop, or business fails 公司、商店或企业破产倒闭 fail /feɪl/ [intransitive verb] a large number of businesses failed when interest rates rose. 由于提高了利率，许多企业破产了。 several thousands of small businesses fail each week. 每周都有几千家小企业倒闭。 failure /ˈfeɪljəʳ/ [countable noun] company failures have led to massive job losses. 公司倒闭已造成大量工作岗位流失。 go out of business /gəʊ ˌaʊt əv ˈbɪznə̇s/ [verb phrase] if a company goes out of business, it stops existing because it is no longer making a profit ［因赚不到利润而］倒闭，破产 many small farms are going out of business. 许多小农场纷纷倒闭。be put/forced out of business as the recession hit, many traders were forced out of business. 由于遭受经济衰退的冲击，许多商人都破产了。 go under /ˌgəʊ ˈʌndəʳ/ [intransitive phrasal verb] if a business, bank, or company goes under, it fails - used especially in newspapers and business contexts ［企业、银行或公司］倒闭［尤用于报刊和商界］ when the company went under, some of our workers found positions with ford. 公司倒闭后，我们的一些职员在福特公司找到了工作。 close down /ˌkləʊz ˈdaʊn/ [intransitive phrasal verb] if a shop, factory, or business closes down, it stops making or selling goods ［店铺、工厂或企业］歇业；关闭 if the factory closes down, 600 people will lose their jobs. 工厂一旦关闭，600名员工将失去饭碗。 coal mines are closing down all over the country. 这国家到处都有煤矿在倒闭。 not long ago, the orchestra was the pride of the city. now it is on the verge of closing down. 不久前这个乐团还是城市的骄傲，可现在它正濒临解散的边缘。 closure british /closing american /ˈkləʊʒəʳ, ˈkləʊzɪŋ/ [countable/uncountable noun] when a shop, factory, or business fails and closes 关闭，倒闭 further factory closures have been announced. 据宣布已有更多的工厂倒闭。closure of the closing of the minton savings and loan was a great loss to the town. 明顿购房互助协会的关闭对这个小镇来说是个极大的损失。face/be threatened with closure to be going to close down 面临关闭的危险 penrhyn is now the largest quarry in the world, yet 5 years ago it faced closure. 彭林采石场现已成为世界上规模最大的采石场，可五年前它却面临被关闭的命运。 go bankrupt/go bust /ˌgəʊ ˈbæŋkrʌpt, ˌgəʊ ˈbʌst/ [verb phrase] informal if a person or company goes bankrupt, they are legally forced to sell their property and possessions to pay their debts ［人或公司］破产 her father went bankrupt in 1984. 她父亲在1984年破产了。 he bought a small printing firm that had gone bankrupt. 他买下了一家已经破产的小印刷公司。 the company went bust last year, owing £12 million. 那家公司去年破产了，欠债1，200万英镑。 fold /fəʊld/ [intransitive verb] informal to fail and be unable to continue in business 【非正式】倒闭 most of the companies dependent on the steelworks folded within weeks. 大多数依靠钢铁厂生存的公司在几个星期内倒闭了。 go to the wall /ˌgəʊ tə ðə ˈwɔːl/ [verb phrase] informal to fail and be unable to continue in business, especially because of difficult economic conditions 【非正式】倒闭［尤因经济形势不好］ over 300 small firms have gone to the wall in the past year. 过去一年里有三百多家小公司倒闭。 high interest rates will force many businesses to go to the wall. 高利率会使许多公司难以为继。9. a time when an economy is not successful 经济形势恶劣的一段时期 recession /rɪˈseʃən/ [countable/uncountable noun] a period when a country's economic growth stops and there is less trade, so that many companies have to reduce the number of workers they employ ［经济的］衰退期 the car industry, like most other industries, is feeling the effects of the recession. 汽车工业跟其他多数工业一样，也感受到了经济衰退的冲击。severe recession very bad recession 严重衰退 in times of severe recession companies are often forced to make massive job cuts in order to survive. 在经济严重衰退时期，公司经常被迫大量裁员以求生存。in recession suffering from a recession 处于衰退期 the economy is in recession and will remain so for at least another year. 经济正处于衰退期中，这种情况至少还要持续一年。 slump /slʌmp/ [countable noun] a period when there is a big reduction in trade so that many companies fail and a lot of people lose their jobs ［经济］不景气，萧条 the post-war slump sent the unemployment figures to twice the expected level. 战后经济不景气，使失业率比预计的程度高出一倍。slump in the slump in the property market is making it difficult for people to sell their homes. 房地产市场的不景气使人们很难卖出房子。 depression /dɪˈpreʃən/ [countable noun] a period of time continuing for several years when greatly reduced business activity severely affects a country's economic growth, and a lot of people lose their jobs - use this especially when this affects many countries across the world ［经济］萧条期［尤指影响许多国家的萧条］ in germany the depression in the late 1920s helped hitler's rise to power. 德国20世纪20年代末的经济萧条使希特勒得以掌权。 hartnell blamed his financial difficulties on the worldwide depression. 哈特内尔把自己的经济困难归咎于遍及全世界的经济萧条。 crash /kræʃ/ [countable noun] a sudden and unexpected fall in the value of shares in companies, with the result that many companies have to close and a lot of people lose their jobs 股价暴跌［导致大量公司倒闭，许多人失业］ luckily, i sold my shares just before the crash. 还好我正好在股价暴跌前抛出了股票。 the wall street crash was disastrous for many american businessmen. 华尔街股票大跌对许多美国商人来说都是一场灾难。stock market crash crash in the organizations that buy and sell shares in companies 股市暴跌 the stock market crash made me suspicious of those types of insurance schemes. 股票市场的价格暴跌使我对那几种保险计划产生了怀疑。☞ fail¹☞ fail² |
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