| 单词 | duty |
| 释义 | duty noun¹ 1sth that you have to do because it is right or expected义务adjective | verb + duty | duty + verb | preposition | phrases adjective➤contractual, legal, statutory (especially bre) 合同／法律／法定义务◆retailers have a statutory duty to provide goods suitable for their purpose.零售商有为他们提供符合要求的货物的法定义务。➤fiduciary信义义务◆the company's fiduciary duty to its shareholders公司对其股东所负的信义义务➤constitutional (especially name) 宪法义务▸➤general, primary基本义务；主要责任◆the general duty of the police to preserve the peace警察维持治安的基本职责➤professional职责▸➤civic, public公民义务；公共义务◆i feel it is my civic duty to vote.我认为投票选举是我作为公民的义务。➤patriotic爱国义务➤christian, religious基督徒的责任；宗教义务▸➤family, filial, parental家庭责任；子女应尽的义务；父母的责任▸➤ethical, moral伦理责任；道德上的义务◆he felt it was his moral duty to help others.他觉得帮助他人是他道义上的责任。➤absolute, bounden (formal) , sacred, solemn, sworn绝对的／义不容辞的／神圣的／庄严的／誓约的义务◆i feel it's my bounden duty to try and help her.我觉得尽力帮助她是我义不容辞的责任。verb + duty➤have, owe (law法律) 有责任；有义务◆you have a legal duty to take reasonable care.你有适当注意的法律义务。◆the company owes a duty of care to all its customers.公司有义务照顾好所有顾客。➤carry out, do, fulfil/fulfill, meet, perform履行义务；尽责任◆i suppose we'd better do our duty and report the accident.我想我们最好还是履行义务，报道此事故。◆she felt she had fulfilled her duty by providing him with a son.她认为给他生了个儿子就已经尽了责任。➤fail in未尽责任◆he had failed in his duty to his daughter.他对女儿未尽到责任。➤breach, violate失职；违反义务◆she had violated her legal duty of confidentiality.她违反了保密的法律义务。➤avoid, neglect, shirk免负责任；疏忽职守；逃避责任◆i'd be shirking my duty if i didn't warn him.如果我没有对他提出警告，那就是逃避责任。➤abandon放弃责任◆i can't abandon my duty.我不能放弃我的责任。➤assign, charge sb with, impose分配任务；让某人承担责任；赋予责任◆it was a duty imposed by her father.那是她父亲给她的责任。➤assume, take on承担责任◆he took on the duty of maintaining the family home.他承担了养家的责任。duty + verb➤call公务在身◆i wanted to stop and chat, but duty called and i went back to the office.我想停下来聊会儿，但由于公务在身，我又回到了办公室。preposition➤under a/the duty有义务◆you are under a statutory duty to keep accurate records.你有做好准确记录的法定义务。➤duty of⋯的义务；⋯的责任◆it's the duty of each and every one of us to do their best for the team.我们当中的每个人都有义务为团队尽最大努力。◆they have a duty of confidentiality.他们有保密的责任。➤duty to, duty towards/toward对⋯的责任◆they have a duty to their parents to work hard.他们有为了父母而努力工作的责任。phrases➤a breach of duty失职◆it was a clear breach of professional duty.那是明显的失职行为。➤do your duty by sb为某人尽职◆you feel that you have to do your duty by your children.你感到必须对你的孩子尽责任。➤be duty bound to do sth做⋯义不容辞◆an employer is not duty bound to provide a reference when an employee leaves.雇员离职时雇主没有必须出具推荐信的义务。➤(above and) beyond the call of duty超出了职责◆the time he put in helping new recruits went beyond the call of duty.他在帮助新雇员方面投入的时间超出了他的职责要求。➤duty done尽到责任◆she put down the phone and went out, her duty done.她放下电话走了出去，已经尽到了责任。➤feel it your duty to do sth认为做⋯是自己的责任◆i felt it my duty to go to the police.我认为向警方报案是我的责任。➤in breach of a duty (formal, especially bre) 违反义务◆it was ruled that the injured man was in breach of his duty by not wearing the safety equipment provided.裁决认为伤者未佩戴提供的安全装备是没有尽到义务。➤a sense of duty责任感◆i did it out of a sense of duty.出于责任感我才这么做。duty noun² 2tasks that you do when you are at work职责adjective | verb + duty | duty + verb | duty + noun | preposition | phrases adjective➤light轻松的工作◆when i returned to work after my illness i was put on light duties.我病愈重新工作，给安排了较轻松的工作。➤onerous (especially bre) 繁重的工作▸➤day, night白班；夜班◆at 10.45 p.m. she reported for night duty.晚上 10 点 45 分她报到值夜班。➤combat, escort, guard, occupation, patrol, peacekeeping, point, sentry战斗任务；护卫工作；警卫工作；职责；巡逻任务；维和任务；（岗位）执勤；放哨◆the troops are here to perform peacekeeping duties.军队在这里执行维和任务。◆the traffic lights were not working so there was a policeman on point duty.交通信号灯坏了，所以有一个警察在执勤指挥。➤active, inactive (in the military军事) 现役／非现役◆he's been suspended from active duty.他被暂停服役。➤daily, regular, routine日常工作；例行工作➤temporary临时职务➤full-time, part-time全职／兼职任务▸➤official公务职责▸➤administrative, operational, professional, teaching行政／业务／专业／教学工作▸➤domestic, household家务活儿◆my household duties were not particularly onerous.我的家务活儿并不很繁重。➤kitchen厨房工作◆he was on kitchen duty.他负责厨房工作。➤assigned分配的任务◆he was unable to perform his assigned duties because of ill health.因为健康不佳，他无法完成指派的任务。➤military军事任务➤jury (especially name) 陪审员义务◆several years ago i was called for jury duty.几年前我被要求担任过陪审员。➤double (especially name) 双重职责◆the regular presenter does double duty as a staff writer.这位新闻节目主持人还同时兼做撰稿人。verb + duty➤have有任务◆the members of staff each have their own duties.每个职员都有各自的任务。➤pull (name, informal) 值勤◆sergeant wilson had pulled parking-lot duty.威尔逊警官曾在停车场值勤。➤see (military军事) 执行任务◆veterans who saw combat duty in vietnam经历过越战的老兵➤carry out, complete, discharge, do, execute, perform, undertake执行任务；完成任务；履行职责◆she was unable to carry out her duties because she was too ill.她因为病得厉害没能完成任务。➤handle (especially name) 处理任务◆the company prefers to handle translation duties in-house.这家公司更愿意在公司内部处理翻译任务。➤come on, go on, report for开始上班；值班；报到上班◆colleagues became suspicious when he failed to report for duty.他没有报到上班，同事们产生了怀疑。➤come off, go off下班；卸任◆what time do you go off duty?你什么时候下班？➤avoid, neglect, shirk渎职；逃避职责◆he was accused of neglecting his professional duties.他被指控渎职。➤resume, return to复职；重新回到工作岗位◆he leaves the hospital tomorrow and is expected to resume his duties at the beginning of next month.他明天出院，预计下个月初重新开始工作。➤relinquish放弃责任▸➤be released from获许暂停工作◆her son was released from duty in the army to visit her in hospital.她儿子获准放下在部队的工作到医院来看望她。➤be relieved of, be suspended from被解除职务；暂停职务◆when he failed to turn up for training, he was relieved of his duties as captain.他没有参加训练，被免除了队长职务。➤share, split (especially name) 分担责任◆i share the cooking duties with bell.我和贝尔分担做饭的任务。duty + verb➤fall to sb工作归某人负责◆the cleaning duties now fell to rachel.清扫工作现在归蕾切尔负责。duty + noun➤manager, officer值班经理／警官◆the supermarket's senior duty manager超市的高级值班经理◆he went to the police station and spoke to the duty officer.他去警察局找了那个值班警员。➤doctor, nurse (both especially bre) 值班医生；值班护士➤station (name) 勤务地◆the soldier was sent to his new duty station.该士兵被派往他的新勤务地。➤assignment (name) 任务分配◆he has volunteered for temporary duty assignments in counterterrorist activities.他志愿临时执行反恐活动的任务。preposition➤off duty下班◆i'm off duty tomorrow night.我明天晚上不用值班。➤on duty值班◆you're not allowed to drink alcohol on duty.值班时不准喝酒。phrases➤the execution of your duties, the performance of your duties职责的履行◆the company is liable if you are injured during the execution of your duty.你在执行任务过程中受伤，公司须负责任。duty noun³ 3tax税adjective | ... of duty | verb + duty | duty + verb | preposition adjective➤heavy, high重税；高额税◆the heavy duty on cigarettes对香烟征收的重税➤low低税▸➤customs, excise, export, import海关关税；消费税；出口税；进口税◆excise duty on spirits对烈酒征收的消费税➤alcohol, fuel, tobacco, etc. (all bre) 酒税、燃油税、烟草税等◆tobacco duty is a major source of revenue for the government.烟草税是政府收入的一个重要来源。➤death (bre, old-fashioned) 遗产税➤stamp (= a tax in the uk on some legal documents) 印花税◆the bank will urge ministers to raise the 1% stamp duty threshold.该行将会敦促大臣们提高百分之一印花税的起征点。... of duty➤amount税额◆we tried to estimate the amount of duty we would have to pay.我们估计了一下我们应缴纳的税额。verb + duty➤impose, slap on sb/sth征税；突然对⋯征税◆they are going to slap duty on foreign cars.他们将对外国轿车征税。➤increase, put up, raise加税◆they're going to put up the duty on tobacco.他们将提高烟草税。➤cut, lower, reduce减税；降税▸➤pay纳税▸➤avoid, evade避税；逃税◆they claim that the wine is for personal use and so evade the duty.他们声称这酒是供个人饮用的，以此来逃税。➤be liable to有纳税义务◆perfume is liable to import duty.进口香水应纳进口税。➤be exempt from免税◆beer for personal use is exempt from duty.供个人饮用的啤酒免税。duty + verb➤be payable (bre) 税应缴◆there will also be stamp duty payable at the applicable rate.还将会有用适用税率计算的应缴印花税。preposition➤in duty⋯方面的税◆by changing its supplier, the company saved thousands of pounds in import duty.更换供货商后，这个公司省下了数千英镑的进口税。➤duty on对⋯征的税◆you have to pay duty on all electrical goods.所有的电气产品都要纳税。duty /djuːti; name duːti/ noun (plural duties) (economics 经济学; trade 贸易) [countable, uncountable] a tax that you pay on things that you buy, especially those that you bring into a country 税；（尤指进口货物交纳的）关税◆they have put higher duties on steel imports. 他们对进口钢铁征收较高的关税。◆$500 m was paid to the government in duty. 政府征收了 5 亿元的关税。◆there is no increase in the duty on fuel. 燃油税没有提高。2. [uncountable] the work that is your job 上班；值班◆report for duty at 8 a.m. 早上 8 点上班报到。◆i'm on night duty this week. 我本周值夜班。duties [plural] tasks that are part of your job 职责；任务◆your duties will include setting up a new computer system. 你的职责将包括建立一个新的计算机系统。 countervailing duty ◇ customs duty ◇ death duty ◇ discriminating duty ◇ heavy-duty ◇ import duty ◇ light-duty ◇ medium-duty ◇ stamp duty ☞ dutyduty [countable, uncountable] something that you feel you have to do because it is your moral or legal responsibility（道德或法律上的）责任，义务，本分◆it is my duty to report it to the police.把这事报告给警方是我的责任。◆i supposed we'd better do our duty and report the accident.我想我们最好履行义务，报告发生了事故。◆i'll have to go i'm afraid－duty calls.我想我得走了 － 公务在身。◆the time he put in helping new recruits went beyond the call of duty.他花时间帮助新入职员工已经超越了职责的要求。duty [uncountable] (also duties [plural]) the work that is your job; tasks that are part of your job职责；任务◆report for duty at 8 a.m.早上 8 点钟报到上班。◆he was accused of neglecting his professional duties.他被控玩忽职守。◆your duties will include setting up a new computer system.你的职责包括建立一个新的计算机系统。◆the suspect was charged with obstructing an officer in the course of his duties (= while doing what his job requires).嫌疑犯被控防碍执行公务罪。note 辨析 work or duties?both these words refer to things that you do as part of your job, but work has a wider meaning than duties. your duties are the list of tasks that you have to do because they are your responsibility and that you can be criticized or punished for not doing. your work is all the activities that you do in the course of doing your job, and these activities may be seen as opportunities as much as responsibilities.这两个词均表示工作范围内的事，但 work 的意思比 duty 广。duty 指必须要做的工作或职责，不做会受到批评或处罚。work 指工作过程中的所有活动，这些活动可被视为责任，也可看作是机会。duty [countable, uncountable] a tax that you pay on things that you buy, especially those that you bring into a country（消费）税；（尤指进口货物交纳的）关税◆the company has to pay customs duties on all imports.公司必须为所有进口商品缴纳关税。◆duty on wine and beer has been increased.已提高了葡萄酒税和啤酒税。ⓘ duty-free goods are goods that you can bring into a country without paying tax on them. * duty-free goods 指免关税商品◆duty-free cigarettes免税香烟duty/ˈdju:ti; us ˈdu:tɪ ||; ˈdutɪ/noun (plural duties) 1. [c,u] something that you have to do because people expect you to do it or because you think it is right 责任；本分；义务: ◇a soldier must do his duty. 士兵要履行职责。◇a sense of moral duty 道义上的责任感 2. [c,u] the tasks that you do when you are at work 职责；职务: ◇the duties of a policeman 警察的职责◇which nurses are on night duty this week? 这星期哪几名护士值夜班？ 3. [c] a tax that you pay, especially on goods that you bring into a country 税（尤指关税） on/off duty (used about doctors, nurses, police officers, etc) to be working/not working （指医生、护士、警察等）值班或不值班: ◇the porter's on duty from 8 till 4. 搬运工人8点上班，4点下班。◇what time does she go off duty? 她通常在什么时候下班？ dutysee ⇨ money 10 ⇨ work 10 • • •• ⇨ be on duty• ⇨ be sb's duty (to do sth)/have a duty (to do sth)• ⇨ sb's duty du·ty /`dutɪ; ˈdjuːti/n 1. [c,u] something that you have to do because it is right or it is part of your job 职责，义务:◇the government has a duty to provide education. 政府有义务提供受教育机会。◇he was carrying out his official duties as ambassador. 他正在履行大使的职责。 2. be on/off duty a doctor, nurse, police officer etc who is on or off duty, they are either working or not working ［医生、护士、警察等］当班/不当班; 值勤/不值勤 3. [c] a tax you pay on something you buy ［购物所付的］税 ☞ duty |
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