| 单词 | administration |
| 释义 | administration noun¹ 1organizing how sth is done组织管理adjective | verb + administration | administration + noun adjective➤effective, efficient, good有效的管理；高效的管理；管理得当▸➤poor管理不善◆the college loses a lot of money through poor administration.由于管理不善，学院损失了不少钱。➤day-to-day, routine日常管理▸➤general综合管理▸➤office办公室管理▸➤bureaucratic官僚管理▸➤central中央管理▸➤arts, business, educational, financial, justice, social艺术／企业／教育／财务／司法／社会管理▸➤government, public政府／公共管理verb + administration➤be in charge of, be responsible for负责管理administration + noun➤costs管理费用administration noun² 2people who manage an organization行政部门adjective➤college, hospital, prison, etc.学院、医院、监狱等的行政部门administration noun³ 3government政府adjective | verb + administration adjective➤colonial, federal, local, municipal, provincial, regional, state殖民政府；联邦政府；地方政府；市政府；省政府；地区政府；州政府◆the handover of sovereignty by the british colonial administration英国殖民政府对主权的移交➤civil, imperial, royal民政；帝政；王政▸➤conservative, labour, etc.保守党、工党等政府▸➤democratic, republican, etc.民主党、共和党等政府▸➤bush, clinton, etc.布什、克林顿等政府▸➤caretaker, interim, temporary看守／过渡／临时政府◆the role of the un in the setting-up of an interim administration联合国在临时政府建立过程中的作用➤coalition, joint联合政府▸➤minority少数党政府▸➤civilian, military文官／军人政府verb + administration➤form组建政府◆on september 27 a new coalition administration was formed.新一届联合政府于 9 月 27 日成立。administration noun⁴ 4giving a drug给药adjective➤intravenous, oral静脉给药；口服▸➤drug给药administration /ədˌmɪnɪstreɪʃn/ noun (bre also admin, informal ) [uncountable] the activities that are done in order to plan, organize and run a business or other institution （企业、其他机构等的）行政管理◆the day-to-day administration of a company 公司的日常行政管理工作◆the sales administration department 销售管理部门◆administration costs 行政费用⨁ day-to-day / general / office / routine administration日常／一般／办公室／常规行政管理 2. [uncountable] the process or act of organizing the way that sth is done 施行；执行◆the administration of the new tax 新税项的执行3. [countable] the people who plan, organize and run a business or an institution （企业、机构等的）行政部门，管理部门◆the national telecommunications administrations 国家电信管理部门 4. (often administration) [countable] the government of a country, especially the us （尤指美国）政府◆successive administrations have failed to solve the country's economic problems. 历届政府均未能解决国家的经济问题。 (law 法律) [uncountable] the management of the financial affairs of a business that cannot pay its debts by an independent person 托管（由独立人士管理无力偿债企业的财务事宜）◆the company will go into administration if it cannot find extra funds. 如果无法找到额外资金，公司将会被交付托管。 business administration ◇ federal aviation administration ☞ administrationadministration [countable + singular or plural verb] the government of a country; the period for which it governs政府；政府的任期◆the current administration will remain in office until elections in november.现任政府仍将执政，直至 11 月的选举为止。◆he was secretary of education in bush's first administration (= first period as president).他是布什政府第一任期的教育部长。note 辨析 government or administration? administration is used especially about a government that is led by a president, and especially the us government. it usually refers to the government of a particular president or the period for which this lasts. * administration 尤指总统领导的政府，尤其是美国政府，常指某总统领导的政府或其任期◆during / under the reagan / clinton / bush administration里根／克林顿／布什执政时期◆during/under the reagan/clinton/bush government it is not usually used to refer to the institution or process of government which remains the same while presidents and administrations change. * administration 通常不指政府机构或办事程序，因为机构或程序不随总统及政权的更迭而改变◆approximately 2.7 million people are employed by the federal government.联邦政府雇用了大约 2 700 万人。◆employed by the federal administration in countries where the government is led by a prime minister, with more limited powers than a president－especially the united kingdom－the word government is usually preferred. * government 较常指首相领导的政府，尤其是英国政府。这些政府里，首相的权力比总统小◆the thatcher / major / blair / brown government撒切尔／梅杰／布莱尔／布朗政府◆government employees政府职员to use the word administration after the name of the prime minister can sometimes suggest disapproval of the prime minister for trying to act like a president.在首相名字后使用 administration 有时具有贬义，暗指其欲像总统般行事。 administration [uncountable] the activities that are done in order to plan, organize and run a business or other organization（企业或机构的）管理，行政◆a large part of his job involves routine administration.他的大部份工作涉及日常管理。◆administration costs are passed on to the customer.行政成本转嫁给了顾客。ⓘ although administration refers to all the activities needed to organize and run a company which are not the actual business of the company (such as producing or selling a product), it is often used especially to refer to the paperwork necessary, such as filling in forms, writing letters or emails and filing. * administration 可指经营公司所需的所有非实际业务（即不属于生产或销售等）的活动，但尤指必要的文书工作，如填表、写信、发电子邮件和文件归档等。 ➡ see also administer → run 2 , administrator → organizer administration [countable] the people who run a service, business or organization（服务性企业、公司或机构的）管理部门，行政部门◆the prison administration is working hard to improve the service.监狱管理部门正努力改善服务。◆he has been in dispute with the new zealand cricket administration.他与新西兰板球管理部门发生了纠纷。 ➡ see also administer → run 2 , administrator → organizer note 辨析 management, executive or administration?the management of a company can include a much larger group of people than the executive. there are different levels of management including top, senior, middle and junior management, although management used alone often refers just to top or senior management. the executive of a company is just the top management, especially members of the executive board who all meet together as a group to discuss the management of the company. executive is also used to refer to the group of people who lead an organization such as a political party or trade union, especially when they are elected, not appointed. administration is used especially to refer to the people who run an institution that provides a service or organizes an activity.公司的 management 所包含的人数较 executive 多很多。有不同层次的管理人员 (levels of management)，可说 top/senior/middle/junior management （最高管理层；高层／中层／基层管理人员）。但 management 单独使用时常仅指最高层或高层管理者。executive 仅指公司的最高管理层，尤指 executive board （执行董事会）的成员，这些成员全体开会讨论公司的经营管理。executive 亦可指政党或工会之类的组织的领导层，尤指经选举产生而非任命的行政领导。administration 尤指提供公共服务或组织活动的机构的管理部门◆the school / college / university / prison / hospital administration学校／学院／大学／监狱／医院的行政部门administration/ədˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃn ||; ədˌmɪnəˈstreʃən/noun1. (also admin /ˈædmɪn ||; ˈædmɪn/) [u] the control or the act of managing sth, for example a system, an organization or a business （系统、组织、业务等的）管理，行政: ◇the administration of a large project like this is very complicated. 这样大的一项工程的管理工作是很复杂的。◇a lot of the teachers' time is taken up by admin. 行政工作占去老师很多时间。 2. (also admin /ˈædmɪn ||; ˈædmɪn/) [sing] the group of people or part of a company that organizes or controls sth 行政机关；管理部门: ◇the hospital administration 医院的行政部门◇she works in admin, on the second floor. 她在二楼管理部门工作。 3. oftenthe administration [c] the government of a country, especially the us 政府（尤指美国的）: ◇the clinton administration 克林顿政府 administrationsee ⇨ government 1 ad·min·is·tra·tion /ədˏmɪnə`streʃən; ədˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən/n [u] 1. the work of managing the affairs of a company, government etc 管理; 行政:◇have you any experience in administration? 你有管理方面的经验吗？ 2. the administration especially ame the part of the national, state, or city government that is controlled by the president, governor, or mayor 【尤美】 政府; 内阁:◇the kennedy administration 甘乃迪政府 |
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