| 单词 | top |
| 释义 | top noun¹ 1highest part/surface of sth最上部；最上面adjective | preposition | phrases adjective➤extreme, very最高点；至高点◆we didn't climb to the very top of the mountain, but close enough.我们没有爬到山的最高点，但很接近。➤cliff, hill, mountain, roof, tree (usually clifftop, hilltop, etc.) 崖顶；小山顶；山顶；屋顶；树梢➤counter, stove, table (usually countertop, etc.) 厨房操作台；灶台；桌面preposition➤at the top, on top在上面；在顶上◆each cake had a cherry on top.每个蛋糕上面都有一颗樱桃。◆there was a vase on top of the bookcase.书架顶上有个花瓶。➤to the top至最高处phrases➤from top to bottom从上到下；彻底◆i'm going to clean the house from top to bottom this weekend.我打算这个周末把屋子彻底打扫一遍。top noun² 2highest/most important rank/position最高职级；最重要地位verb + top | preposition | phrases verb + top➤get to, make it to, reach, rise to达到顶级；出人头地；升到最高位◆few of the trainees make it to the top.受训人员中没有几个能达到顶级水平。◆she rose to the top of her profession within ten years.不到 10 年她就上升到了职业顶峰。preposition➤at the top在高位◆the company has an unusually high proportion of young people at the top.公司高层中年轻人的比例高得非同寻常。➤on top, to the top在最重要位置；至最高级别phrases➤top of the agenda最重要事项◆pay was now (at the) top of the employees' agenda.薪水是雇员目前最关心的事。➤top of the class名列前茅◆she was top of the class in geography.她的地理成绩在班里名列前茅。top noun³ 3cover that you put on sth in order to close it盖子adjective | verb + top adjective➤bottle瓶盖verb + top➤lift, lift off, pop (name, informal) , pop off (informal, especially name) , pull off, unscrew拔掉盖子；嘭的一声打开盖子；拉掉盖子；拧开盖子◆he popped the top of a soda can.他啪的一声打开苏打水罐的盖子。➤put back on, screw on盖上／拧上盖子top noun⁴ 4piece of clothing衣服adjective➤halter, hooded, long-sleeved, low-cut, sleeveless, strapless三角背心式／连帽／长袖／低领／无袖／露肩上衣▸➤baggy, loose宽松的上衣➤tight紧身上衣➤skimpy暴露的上衣➤matching配套上衣◆she wore a pink skirt with a matching top.她身穿一条粉色裙子和一件与之相配的上衣。➤crop, tank, tube, vest (bre) 露脐短上衣；运动背心；套筒胸衣；背心上装▸➤bikini, pyjama/pajama比基尼／睡衣上装▸➤football, tracksuit (both bre) 足球服／田径服上衣 ➡ topic at clothes top adjectiveverbs | preposition verbs➤be最佳▸➤come居首位◆she came top in the exams.她考试得了第一名。preposition➤in在⋯方面最佳◆all the doctors here are top in their field.这里所有的医生都是各自领域最顶尖的。◆she was top in english. (bre) 她的英语拔尖。➤of⋯最优秀◆he was top of his class.他在班里独占鳌头。 top /tɒp; name tɑːp/ noun [singular] the highest or most important position or rank 最重要的职位；最高的级别◆he's at the top of his profession. 他正处在事业的巅峰。◆she is determined to make it to the top (= to be as successful as possible in her profession). 她决心要在事业上出人头地。◆this decision came right from the top. 这个决定是由高层作出的。 ●at the top of the treein the highest position or rank in a profession or career （在行业、事业中）高居首位，处于顶峰●come out on topto win a contest or an argument 名列前茅；拔得头筹；成功；胜利◆he tends to come out on top in most boardroom disputes. 他在大部分的董事会争论中往往能获胜。●from the top downstarting with the most important people in a company or an organization 自上而下◆the company's focus, from the top down, is on the customer. 公司自上而下的工作重点都围绕着客户。 opp from the bottom up at bottom ➡ top-down ●get on top of sthto manage to deal with or control sth 处理；掌控◆we're struggling to get on top of all the work we've got. 我们正在努力处理手头的各项工作。●on top1.in a leading position or in control 处于领先地位；控制局面◆their investment in r&d has allowed them to stay on top. 在研发方面的投资使他们保持领先。2.in addition 另外◆it would cost around $900, with tax on top. 这大约要花 900 元，还要交税。●on top of sth1.in control of a situation; knowing about a situation 控制着；掌握着；了解◆you need to stay on top of technological changes. 你需要掌握技术革新。2.in addition to sth 除…之外◆these job cuts come on top of the 500 redundancies already announced. 这些人员裁减是在已公布的裁员 500 名之外的。●top of mind (marketing 营销) = front of mind at front noun top /tɒp; name tɑːp/ adjective [usually before noun] highest in position, rank or degree （位置、级别或程度）最高的◆my office is on the top floor. 我的办公室在顶层。◆prices at the top end of the market (= the more expensive prices) have fallen. 高端市场价格已下跌。◆the company announced changes in top management. 公司宣布了高层管理人事变动。◆we produce top-quality goods. 我们生产高质量的产品。 ●top-10, top-100, etc. (also spelled top ten, top hundred, etc.) among the ten best, most successful, etc. of a particular thing 前 10 名；前 100 名等◆most of the top-10 airlines were expected to report losses. 预计前 10 名的航空公司大部分报告亏损。 top /tɒp; name tɑːp/ verb [transitive] (-pp-) 1.to be higher than a particular amount 高于，超过（某一数量）◆their market share topped 20% in may. 他们五月份的市场份额超过 20%。2.to be in the highest position on a list because you are the most successful, important, etc. 居…之首；为…之冠◆the company again topped the list of best performers. 这家公司在业绩最佳企业中再次高居榜首。3.to do or say sth that is better, more impressive, etc. than sth that sb else did or said 优于，胜过，压倒（前人所做）◆i'm afraid the other company has topped your offer (= offered more money). 恐怕另一家公司报价比你们高。 ●top out (at sth)if sth tops out at a particular price, speed, etc. it does not rise any higher （价格、速度等）达到顶点，到最高点◆sales topped out at a record $10 billion. 销售额达到了创纪录的 100 亿元这个最高点。●top sth upto increase the amount of sth to the level you want or need 补足；将…增加到所需的量◆the group's cash flow will be topped up by the proceeds from the sale of its publishing business. 集团的现金流靠出售出版部门的收益补充。☞ top☞ top☞ top top adjective ➡ see also the entry for main另见 main 条top ♦︎ senior ♦︎ chief ♦︎ leading ♦︎ high ♦︎ first ♦︎ high-ranking ♦︎ premier ♦︎ foremost ♦︎ superior ♦︎ elitethese words all describe sb/sth that is the highest in position, rank or degree.这些词均表示最高级别的、一流的、顶尖的。patterns and collocations 句型和搭配◆a top / senior / chief / leading / high-ranking / superior officer◆a top / senior / chief / leading adviser / aide / economist / lawyer◆a top / senior / chief / high-ranking executive◆a top / senior / leading / high-ranking official◆a senior / leading / high-ranking figure / member◆the chief / leading / foremost exponent of sth◆the leading / foremost authority / expert on sth◆a top / senior grade / appointment / job◆the top / first / premier division / prize◆top / high grades / marks■ top [usually before noun] highest in position, rank or degree（位置、级别或程度）最高的◆he lives on the top floor.他住在顶层。◆she's one of the top players in the country.她是国内顶尖运动员之一。◆the car was travelling at top speed.那辆汽车全速行驶。◆this is top quality silk.这是最优质的丝绸。ⓘ top can be used after a linking verb, but only in british english. * top 可用于连系动词后，但仅在英式英语中有此用法◆ (bre) he finished top in the exam.他考试得了第一名。◆they're top of the league.他们在联赛中位居榜首。▸ top noun [countable] ◆she was standing at the top of the stairs.她站在楼梯的顶端。◆write your name at the top.把你的姓名写在上端。◆he's at the top of his profession.他正处于事业的巅峰。◆this decision came from the top (= the most important person in an organization).这一决定是由最高领导作出的。opp bottom → bottom ■ senior high in rank or status; higher in rank or status than others级别（或地位）高的◆she's a senior lecturer at the university.她是那所大学的高级讲师。◆i'm looking for a more senior position.我在寻找更高的职位。◆he is senior to me.他的职位比我高。opp junior ⓘ a person in a junior position is low in rank or status, or lower than others. * junior 指级别或地位低的◆junior employees初级员工◆she is junior to me.她的职位比我低。■ chief ( often常作 chief) [only before noun] highest in rank最高级别的；为首的；首席的◆who is the new chief education officer?谁是新的首席教育官？◆the chief financial officer of the company paid us a visit.那家公司的财务总监访问了我们。◆detective chief inspector williams侦缉总督察威廉斯ⓘ chief is mainly used in names of positions. * chief 主要用于职务名称。■ leading [only before noun] most important or most successful最重要的；一流的◆she was offered the leading role in the new tv series.她获邀在那部新的电视连续剧中扮演主角。◆he's a leading business analyst.他是顶尖的商业分析员。ⓘ leading is often used in publicity for companies that produce products or provide services. * leading 常用于生产产品或提供服务的公司的宣传材料中◆a leading brand / manufacturer / supplier领先的品牌／制造商／供应商 ➡ see also prominent → famous ■ high [usually before noun] near the top in rank or status上层的；地位高的◆she has held high office under three prime ministers.她曾在三任首相手下任过要职。◆the case was referred to a higher court.案件被提交上级法院审理。◆he has friends in high places (= among people of power and influence).他有位高权重的朋友。ⓘ in this meaning high is used in a fairly limited range of collocations表达此义时，high 仅用于有限的几种搭配◆high status / rank / position / office高的地位／等级／职位／职务and in some more particular names of very important people and things.另外也用于一些非常重要的人或机构的特定名称中◆a high court / magistrate / commissioner / priest高等法院；高级地方执法官／专员；祭司长■ first determinermost important or best最重要的；首要的；最优秀的◆your first duty is to your family.你首先要对家庭尽责。◆she won first prize in the competition.她在竞赛中获得头等奖。ⓘ when first means 'most important', typical collocates are duty, importance and consideration. when first means 'best in a competition', typical collocates are prize and place.当 first 表示“最重要”时，常见搭配词有 duty、importance 和 consideration。当 first 表示“在竞争中表现最佳”时，常见搭配词有 prize 和 place。■ high-ranking [usually before noun] high in rank or status; important职位高的；显要的◆he's a high-ranking officer in the army.他是部队的高级军官。◆she's been offered a high-ranking post in the police force.她获得了警察机关中的高层职位。ⓘ high-ranking is often used to talk about positions in the areas of politics and the military. typical collocates are (army/military) officer, bureaucrat, official, and (party) member. * high-ranking 常指政治和军事领域的高级职位。常见搭配词有 (army/military) officer、bureaucrat、official 和 (party) member。■ premier /premiə(r); name prɪmɪr, prɪmjɪr/ [only before noun] (especially written or journalism新闻) most important, famous or successful首要的；最著名的；一流的；顶尖的◆the new institute of contemporary art is one of boston's premier attractions.新的当代美术馆是波士顿首屈一指的旅游景点。◆ (bre, sport体育) they've just moved up to the premier league (= in football).他们刚刚晋级超级联赛。ⓘ premier is often used in journalism and advertising to talk about popular and successful events or places, especially in relation to the country or place they can be found in. * premier 常用于新闻和广告，谈论出名及成功的事件或地方，尤与举办国或发生地相关◆scotland's premier resort / hotel / exhibition / tourist attraction苏格兰首屈一指的度假胜地／酒店／展览／旅游景点■ foremost /fɔːməʊst; name fɔːrmoʊst/ (rather formal, especially written) most important, famous or successful; in a position at the front最重要的；最著名的；一流的；最前的◆i'd like to introduce you to the world's foremost authority on the subject.我想向你介绍该学科全世界首屈一指的权威。◆the president was foremost among those who condemned the violence.总统带头谴责暴力行为。◆this question has been foremost in our minds recently.近来我们心目中一直认为这个问题最重要。note 辨析 premier or foremost? premier is used more to describe places and events; foremost is used more to describe people. foremost is a more formal word and suggests greater seriousness; premier suggests greater popularity. * premier 多修饰地方和事件，foremost 多修饰人。foremost 比较正式，含意更为严肃； premier 意味着更为人熟知◆the world's foremost authority on / expert on / exponent of sth某方面全世界最重要的权威／专家／倡导者◆britain's premier chef英国名厨■ superior /suːpɪəriə(r), sjuːpɪəriə(r); name suːpɪriər/ higher in rank or status（级别或地位）更高的◆i'll need to check with my superior officer.我需要和我的上级长官核实一下。ⓘ in this meaning, superior typically collocates with officer, status, position and power.表达此义时 superior 通常与 officer、status、position 和 power 搭配。 opp inferior ⓘ an inferior officer or position is lower in rank or status. * inferior 指级别或地位较低的。note 辨析 senior or superior? superior is used more than senior when there is a strong sense of status in a system or organization, for example in the army. in an everyday office or work situation it is more usual to talk about a senior colleague/manager/adviser/clerk/editor/designer/teacher.在等级观念较强的系统或组织，如军队中，superior 比 senior 更常用。在日常办公或工作场合中较常用 senior，如 a senior colleague/manager/adviser/clerk/editor/designer/teacher （资深同事；高级经理／顾问／文员／编辑／设计师／教师）。■ elite /eɪliːt, ɪliːt-->/ [only before noun] powerful, and having a lot of influence, because of wealth, ability, family or business connections掌权的；上层的；社会精英的◆the secret was known only by an elite group of senior executives.那个秘密仅限于一批掌权的高级主管知晓。◆he was trained at an elite military academy.他曾在精英军事学院受训。ⓘ elite is often used in texts relating to the army or education. * elite 常用于与军队或教育有关的文字中◆elite troops / force / corps精锐部队◆an elite force / corps一支精锐部队◆an elite education / private school精英教育；英才私立学校 elite is also often used to describe a group of people who share special knowedge or secrets. * elite 亦常用来修饰拥有专业知识或知晓某些秘密的群体。 ➡ see also elite → elite noun , elitist → exclusive top [countable] a thing that you put over the end of sth such as a pen or bottle in order to close it帽；盖；塞◆where's the top of my pen gone?我的钢笔帽哪儿去了？◆the jar has a tight-fitting screw top.这个广口瓶有一个密封的螺旋盖。top [singular] the highest or most important rank or position最高的级别；最重要的职位◆he's at the top of his profession.他正处在事业的巅峰。◆she is determined to make it to the top (= to achieve the highest level of fame or success).她决心要出人头地。◆this decision came from the top.这个决定是由最高领导作出的。◆they finished the season at the top of the league.他们打完这个赛季之后积分高居联赛的榜首。◆we have a lot of things to do, but packing is at the top of the list.我们有许多事情要做，但首先是打点行装。◆this printer is a top of the range model (= the best it is possible to buy.) 这款打印机是最好的。 opp bottom ⓘ the bottom is the lowest position in a class, on a list, etc., or the person, team, etc. that is in this position. * bottom 指班上、名单上排名最后的，或指排名最后的人或队◆a battle between the teams at the bottom of the league联赛中表现最差的球队间的较量◆you have to be prepared to start at the bottom and work your way up.你得准备好从最底层做起。◆i was always bottom of the class in english.我的英语总是班里最差的。top [usually before noun] highest in position, rank or degree（位置、级别或程度）最高的◆he lives on the top floor.他住在顶层。◆she's one of the top players in the country.她是国内顶尖运动员之一。◆the car was travelling at top speed.那辆汽车全速行驶。◆this is top quality silk.这是最优质的丝绸。ⓘ top can be used after a linking verb, but only in british english. * top 可用于连系动词后，但仅在英式英语中有此用法◆ (bre) he finished top in the exam.他考试得了第一名。◆they're top of the league.他们在联赛中位居榜首。▸ top noun [countable] ◆she was standing at the top of the stairs.她站在楼梯的顶端。◆write your name at the top.把你的姓名写在上端。◆he's at the top of his profession.他正处于事业的巅峰。◆this decision came from the top (= the most important person in an organization).这一决定是由最高领导作出的。opp bottom → bottom top¹/tɒp ||; tɑp/noun1. [c] the highest part or point of sth 顶；顶部；顶端: ◇the flat is at the top of the stairs. 这套公寓在楼梯顶部。◇snow was falling on the mountain tops. 雪正下在山顶上。◇start reading at the top of the page. 从书页的最上端开始看。 [opp] foot 反义词为foot 2. [c] the flat upper surface of sth 上面: ◇a desk/table/bench top 书桌╱餐桌╱长凳面 3. [sing] the top (of sth) the highest or most important position 最高的╱最重要的位置: ◇to be at the top of your profession 在同行中首屈一指 4. [c] the cover that you put onto sth in order to close it 盖子: ◇put the tops back on the pens or they will dry out. 盖好笔帽，不然笔会干掉。 ☞a top or a cap is often small and round. you often take it off by turning a bottle top unscrew cap to open. a lid may be larger. you can lift it off a saucepan lid put the lid back on the box. top或cap通常指小而圆的盖子，可以拧开：a bottle top瓶盖·unscrew cap to open.拧开盖子。lid可指较大的盖子，可以揭开：a saucepan lid锅盖·put the lid back on the box.将箱盖盖好。 ☞picture at container 见container插图 5. [c] a piece of clothing that you wear on the upper part of your body 上衣；上装: ◇a tracksuit/bikini/pyjama top 运动服╱比基尼泳装╱睡衣的上装◇i need a top to match my new skirt. 我需要一件上衣配衬我的新裙子。 ☞picture on page c6 见c6页插图 6. [c] a child's toy that turns round very quickly on a point 陀螺 at the top of your voice as loudly as possible 以最大的嗓音 get on top of sb(informal 非正式) to be too much for sb to manage or deal with 使某人感到力不从心: ◇i've got so much work to do. it's really getting on top of me. 我那么多工作要做，真感到吃不消。 off the top of your head(informal 非正式) just guessing or using your memory without preparing or thinking about sth first （说话）未经准备，不假思索 on top 1. on or onto the highest point 在顶部: ◇a mountain with snow on top 顶部积雪的山 2. in control; in a leading position 在控制之中；处于优势: ◇josie always seems to come out on top. 到头来乔西似乎总是占上风。 on top of sb/sth 1. on, over or covering sb/sth else 在某人或某事物上面: ◇books were piled on top of one another. 书一本本堆在一起。◇the remote control is on top of the tv. 遥控器在电视机上面。 2. in addition to sb/sth else 除了某人或某事物外: ◇on top of everything else, the car's broken down. 除了遇到种种问题外，车子又抛锚了。 3. (informal 非正式) very close to sb/sth 靠近；接近: ◇we were all living on top of each other in that tiny flat. 我们都拥挤不堪地住在那套小小的公寓里。 over the top;ott (especially brit 尤为英) (informal 非正式) exaggerated or done with too much effort 过分（夸张等）top²/tɒp ||; tɑp/adj highest in position or degree （位置或程度）最高的: ◇one of britain's top businessmen 英国最成功的商人之一◇at top speed 以最高速◇the top floor of the building 大楼的顶层◇she got top marks for her essay. 她的作文获得最高分。 top³/tɒp ||; tɑp/verb [t] (topping;topped) 1. to be higher or greater than a particular amount 高于，超过（某数额） 2. to be in the highest position on a list because you are the most important, successful, etc 名列榜首；首屈一指 3. top sth (with sth) (usually passive 通常用于被动语态) to put sth on the top of sth 盖上；放在某物的上面: ◇cauliflower topped with cheese sauce 浇上干酪酱的花椰菜 top (sth) up to fill sth that is partly empty 把（未满的容器）装满top1 the top part of something2 at the top of something3 when something is nearest the toprelated wordsoppositebottom,on top of 在…顶上 on/on top of,the best 最佳的 best,see alsoup,high,1. the top part of something 某物的顶端 top /tɒpǁtɑːp/ [countable noun] the top or highest part of something 顶，顶部，顶端 when you paint, you should start at the top and work your way down. 油漆时应该从顶部开始，然后向下刷漆。top of the top of the mountain is covered with snow. 山顶上覆盖着白雪。 the tops of the trees swayed in the breeze. 树梢在微风中摇曳。 there's a wonderful view from the top of the tower. 从塔顶看出去景色很美。tree-top/roof-top/hill-top etc i looked out over the roof-tops towards the mountains beyond. 我从眼底下的屋顶，向远处的群山看去。 summit /ˈsʌmɪt, ˈsʌmət/ [countable noun] the top of a mountain ［高山的］山顶 it took the climbers four hours to reach the summit. 攀登者花了四小时到达山顶。summit of in the distance we could see the snow-covered summit of mount kilimanjaro. 在远处，我们能看见乞力马扎罗山被白雪覆盖的山顶。 we took a small train to the summit of pike's peak. 我们乘一辆小火车登上派克峰的峰顶。 crest /krest/ [countable noun] especially written the top of a hill or wave 【尤书面】［小山的］山顶；浪峰，浪尖 there's a trail up there that follows the length of the crest. 那上面有条小径直达山顶。crest of when i reached the crest of the hill, i turned to look back. 到达山顶时，我转过身来往后看。 in the distance we could see a small boat riding the crests of the waves. 我们远远地看到一叶小舟驶在浪尖上。2. at the top of something 在某物的顶端 on top /ɒn ˈtɒpǁ-ˈtɑːp/ [adverb] on the top surface or highest point of something 在顶部，在顶端 she brought me an enormous dish of ice cream with a bright red cherry on top. 她拿给我一大盘冰淇淋，顶上有一颗鲜红的樱桃。on top of the church stood on top of a hill. 教堂坐落在小山顶上。 on top of the cupboard was an old trunk, covered in dust. 橱顶上有一只积满了灰尘的旧箱子。 at the top /ət ðə ˈtɒpǁ-ˈtɑːp/ [adverb] on or near the top of something 在上端；在上端附近 the vase has a small crack at the top. 花瓶的顶端有条小裂缝。at the top of he was waiting for me at the top of the stairs. 他在楼梯顶端等我。 don't forget to write your name at the top of the test before you turn it in. 交卷之前别忘了把自己的姓名写在试卷的上端。3. when something is nearest the top 最接近顶端的东西 top /tɒpǁtɑːp/ [adjective only before noun] the books are on the top shelf. 书在最上面的架子上。 put the papers in the top drawer of the filing cabinet. 把文件放在文件柜最上面的抽屉里。 we moved into an apartment on the top floor of the building. 我们搬到了这幢建筑物最高层的寓所里。 upper /ˈʌpəʳ/ [adjective only before noun] at the top above the lower part of something 较上的；较高的；上面的 several of her upper teeth were missing. 她的上排牙齿有几颗掉了。 he already had a light growth of hair on his upper lip. 他的上唇已经长出稀疏的胡子。 most meteorites do not make it through earth's upper atmosphere. 大部分陨石都未能进入地球大气层的外圈。 topmost/uppermost /ˈtɒpməʊstǁˈtɑːp-, ˈʌpəʳməʊst/ [adjective only before noun] formal the topmost or uppermost part of something is the highest of all its parts, right at the top 【正式】最高的；最上面的 human bones were found in the uppermost level of rock. 在岩石的最上层发现了人类骨骼。 janey went to the back of the house, sat on the topmost step, and wept. 珍妮走到屋子后面，坐在最高一级楼梯上哭泣。☞ top¹☞ top²☞ top³ |
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