抓住语篇,巧解高考阅读补全
黄亚
摘要:阅读补全考查学生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握,其解题过程需要严谨的思维能力,而语篇衔接手段的应用可以在解阅读补全时化难为易。
关键词:高考;阅读补全;语篇
中图分类号:G632.0 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1992-7711(2019)06-0114
一、高考阅读补全的命题思路和特点
高考英语阅读补全是对语言能力和阅读理解能力的综合测试, 要求学生有语篇层次的理解能力以及根据语境线索解答问题的能力。文章以说明文为主,通常是提出一个问题然后解决问题,因此对考生有很强的指导和引领功能。其考点设置包括主旨句,过渡句和细节句,通常都是会涉及篇章整体内容的连贯、结构的完整和上下文逻辑通顺的句子,而干扰选项通常有如下特征:1. 与主旨无关;2. 与主旨相反;3. 其陈述有时范围太大,太宽泛,有时范围太窄,以偏概全。
二、解阅读补全常用的语篇知识
1. 衔接,是指一篇文章中语法和词汇方面存在联系。语法衔接包括连接、照应、替代、省略。词汇衔接包括原词复现、同根词、同义、反义、上义、下义以及搭配等。2. 连贯,连贯指的是语篇中语义的关联,上下句之间的顺承关系。由此可见,衔接是语篇表层结构关系,而连贯则是语篇深层的语义关系。
三、解题策略
1. 扫视全文,把握主题。读文章标题,首段以及每段首句,并扫视文章得出文章结构,这有助于解题。
2. 分析出题位置。出题位置在小标题上,其特点是短、句式一致、祈使句、对小标题后的段落总结(后面文字可能出现小标题的词汇)。出题位置在总说上,一般是主旨大意或者是引出问题。出题位置在小标题下,是对小标题的支撑信息,解释说明小标题内容。题目在总结位置上,暗示问题解决以及美好向往。
3. 分析选项,寻找选项里的代词、冠词、连词以及语义顺承,语义顺承主要表现在名词上。
4. 解题,先解简单有把握的题,最后再用排除法选题,这样可以避免一连串错的连锁反应。
5. 代入答案,检查核对。将所选选项代入文中,重点检查逻辑关系,看看是否有逻辑冲突,前后矛盾。
四、运用语篇解七选五案例
以有小标题的文章,2018年新课标卷2为例
If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find the time to work out. ___1___. Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.
●Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day. ___2___.
●Your metabolism(新陈代谢) gets a head start. ___3__. If you work out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie(卡路里) burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.
●___4___. Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.
●___5___. If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food? You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.
There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long.
A. You will stick to your diet.
B. Your quality of sleep improves.
C. You prefer healthy food to fast food.
D. There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.
E. You can keep you head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.
F. After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day .
G. If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or youre doing it now, then listen up!
解题思路:纵观文章,文章结构为总—分—总,话题为exercise.第一道题为总说,引出话题,总领文章;二三道题为小标题下的支撑信息;四五道题为小标题即主题句,因此四五道题选择句子短小的句子。题目四后的信息和睡眠有关,与选项B里的sleep对应,所以选择B项;题目五后的信息和饮食有关,与选项A里的diet对应,所以选择A项;题目三的小标题是新陈代谢,再结合后面的信息燃烧卡路里,所以选择F项; 选项二的小标题是your productivity,再结合后面的单词awake,对应选项E里的keep you head clear,所以选择E项;第一道题为总说,选项G为总说,还有选项里的do exercise和题目一前后的work out 对应,所以此题选择G项;而选项C和本文内容无关,选项D和本文内容基调不符合,所以为干扰项。
参考文献:
[1] 席晓青.语篇分析:思维、策略与实践[M].厦门:厦门大学出版社,2011.
[2] 杜金榜.語篇分析教程[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2013.
[3] 胡壮麟.新编语篇的衔接与连贯[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,2018.
(作者单位:贵州省毕节市实验高级中学? ? 551700)