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标题 高中英语常见派生词总汇
范文

    华小红

    我们知道,能够熟记常见的前缀或后缀,掌握派生构词法,不但可以扩大词汇量,扫清阅读理解的障碍,而且对我们做语法填空也非常有用,另外,对写作也大有裨益。以下是笔者整理的人教版必修1到选修8的常见词汇的派生词,供同学们参考。

    一、动词变名词

    1. 在词尾加sion

    extend扩充,延伸—extension

    explode使爆炸—explosion

    permit许可,允许—permission

    admit承认,接纳—admission

    express表达,表示—expression

    discuss讨论,论述—discussion

    decide决定,判决—decision

    depress使沮丧,使消沉—depression

    confuse搞乱,使糊涂—confusion

    revise修订,校订,修正—revision

    divide分,划分,隔开—division

    conclude作出结论—conclusion

    possess占有,拥有—possession

    tense紧张的—tension

    2. 在词尾加ation

    starve使饿死—starvation

    invite邀请—invitation

    inspire鼓舞,启示—inspiration

    hesitate犹豫,踌躇—hesitation

    expect期待,预期—expectation

    adapt使适应,改编—adaptation

    organize组织—organization

    relax使松驰,缓和—relaxation

    image想象—imagination

    3. 在词尾加tion

    pronounce发音,断言—pronunciation

    prepare准备—preparation

    describe描写,记述—description

    repeat重做,复述—repetition

    compete比赛,竞争—competition

    separate分开,隔离—separation

    explore探险,探测—exploration

    appreciate赏识,鉴赏—appreciation

    attract吸引—attraction

    satisfy满足,使满意—satisfaction

    explain解释,说明—explanation

    solve解决,解答—solution

    graduate毕业—graduation

    determine决定,确定—determination

    contribute捐献—contribution

    congratulate祝贺—congratulation

    concentrate全神贯注—concentration

    communicate沟通,通信—communication

    pollute弄脏,污染—pollution

    invent发明,创造—invention

    operate运转,操作—operation

    protect保护—protection

    promote促进,提升—promotion

    destruct破坏—destruction

    predict预知,预言,预报—prediction

    translate翻译,解释—translation

    create创造,引起—creation

    instruct教,教导—instruction

    devote投入于,献身—devotion

    exhibit展出,陈列—exhibition

    considerate考虑周到的—consideration

    regular规则的—regulation

    connect连接,联合—connection

    suggest建议,提出—suggestion

    educate教育—education

    receive收到,接到—reception

    celebrate庆祝,祝贺—celebration

    examine检查,考试—examination

    accelerate加速,促进—acceleration

    associate使联合—association

    restrict限制,约束—restriction

    decorate装饰—decoration

    apply申请,请求—application

    4. 在词尾加-ance

    tolerate忍受,容忍—tolerance

    accept接受,认可—acceptance

    allow允许,承认—allowance

    appear出现,显现—appearance

    perform执行,履行—performance

    attend出席,参加—attendance

    enter进入;开始—entrance

    assist帮助;援助—assistance

    guide引路;指导—guidance

    insure保证;确保—insurance

    5. 在词尾加ment

    amuse使发笑,使愉快—amusement

    amaze使吃惊—amazement

    argue争论,辩论—argument

    manage管理,控制—management

    develop发展,发达—development

    appoint约定,任命,委任appointment

    judge审理,鉴定,判断—judgement

    achieve完成,达到—achievement

    announce宣布,通告—announcement

    advertise登广告—advertisement

    settle安家,定居,解决—settlement

    adjust调整,调节—adjustment

    arrange安排,排列—arrangement

    assign分配,指派—assignment

    punish惩罚,处罚—punishment

    commit犯(错误),干(坏事)—commitment

    assess估定,评定—assessment

    equip装备,配备—equipment

    excite使兴奋,使激动—excitement

    treat视为,对待,治疗—treatment

    govern统治,支配,管理—government

    encourage鼓励,鼓励—encouragement

    disagree不一致—disagreement

    disappoint使失望—disappointment

    embarrass使困窘—embarrassment

    employ雇用,使用—employment

    move移动,感动—movement

    (注意:除argue—argument外,这一类动词的词尾e不去掉,直接加-ment)

    6. 词尾去e加al

    survive幸免于,幸存,—survival

    propose建议,向……提议—proposal

    refuse拒绝,谢绝—refusal

    approve赞成,批准,—approval

    disapprove不赞成,不批准,—disapproval

    arrive到达,抵达—arrival

    remove移动,开除—removal

    7. 在词尾加t

    

    weigh称重,重达—weight

    complain抱怨—complaint

    8. 在词尾加ant(主要指人的)

    apply申请,应用—applicant申请者

    assist援助—assistant助手

    account解释,说明—accountant会计师

    consult咨询—consultant顾问

    claim声称;断言—claimant原告

    immigrate移民—immigrant

    serve招待,服务—servant仆人

    attend出席,参加—attendant服务人员

    participate参加—participant参与者

    9. 在词尾加ure

    fail失败,不及格—failure

    press压,逼迫—pressure

    please使喜欢—pleasure

    10. 在词尾加ence

    exist存在,生存—existence

    prefer更喜欢—preference

    insist坚持—insistence

    persist坚持—persistence

    differ相异—difference

    11. 在词尾加age

    marry娶,嫁,和……结婚—marriage

    store贮藏,贮备—storage

    pack包装—package

    cover覆盖—coverage

    leak漏出;透露—leakage

    二、形容词变名词

    1. 以-ity或者-ty结尾

    responsible负责任的—responsibility

    possible可能的—possibility

    impossible不可能的—possibility

    disabled残疾的—disability

    curious好奇的—curiosity

    generous慷慨的—generosity

    various各种各样的—variety

    equal平等的—equality

    real真实的—reality

    personal个人的—personality

    popular流行的—popularity

    necessary必要的—necessity

    cruel残酷的—cruelty

    loyal忠诚的—loyalty

    safe安全的,可靠的—safety

    poor贫穷的,可怜的—poverty

    2. 形容词变名词,在词尾加ness

    kind友善的—kindness仁慈,亲切,好意

    bright明亮的—brightness光亮,明亮,聪明

    selfish自私的—selfishness自私自利

    selfish无私的—selflessness无私

    happy开心的—happiness幸福,快乐

    dark黑暗的—darkness黑暗,漆黑

    careless粗心的—carelessness粗心

    careful细心的—carefulness仔细,慎重

    sick恶心的—sickness疾病,呕吐

    weak虚弱的—weakness虚弱,弱点,缺点

    useful有用的—usefulness有用,有效性

    polite礼貌的—politeness有礼,优雅

    blind眼盲的—blindness失明

    deaf耳聋的—deafness聋

    calm镇定的—calmness平静,冷静,镇静

    lazy懒惰的—laziness怠惰,无精打采

    lonely孤单的—loneliness孤独,寂寞

    3. 形容词变名词,把词尾字母t改成ce

    convenient便利的,方便的—convenience

    patient忍耐的,耐心的—patience

    impatient不耐烦的,不耐心的—impatience

    different不同的—difference

    silent寂静的,沉默的—silence

    confident自信的,确信的—confidence

    absent不在的,缺席的—absence

    important重要的,重大的—importance

    significant有意义的,重大的—significance

    present现在的,出席的—presence

    independent独立自主的—independence

    intelligent聪明的,有才智的—intelligence

    brilliant灿烂的,闪耀的,有才气的—brilliance

    evident明显的,显然的—evidence

    elegant文雅的,端庄的—elegance

    distant远的—distance

    excellent卓越的,极好的—excellence

    violent猛烈的,暴力的—violence

    competent有能力的—competence

    relevant有关的,相应的—relevance

    4. 形容词变名词,以th结尾的

    true—truth事实,真理

    young—youth青春,青年时期

    deep—depth深度

    wide—width宽度,宽广

    long—length长度,

    strong—-strength力量,力气

    warm—warmth暖和,热心

    dead—death死,死亡

    grow—growth生长,种植

    5. 以ist结尾表人的名词

    art—artist艺术家,画家

    novel—novelist小说家

    violin—violinist小提琴家

    tour—tourist旅行者,旅游者

    special—specialist专家

    piano—pianist钢琴家

    type—typist打字员

    cycle—cyclist骑脚踏车的人

    science—scientist科学家

    society—socialist社会主义者

    physics—physicist物理学者

    receive—receptionist招待员

    chemistry—chemist化学家,药剂师

    optimism—optimist乐观者

    pessimism—pessimist悲观主义者

    communism—communist共产主义者

    三、名词变为以ous结尾的形容词

    religion宗教,信仰—religious

    variety变化,多样性—various

    caution小心,谨慎—cautious

    nutrition营养—nutritious

    adventure冒险—adventurous

    danger危险—dangerous

    poison毒药—poisonous

    luxury奢侈,豪华—luxurious

    harmony和谐—harmonious

    envy嫉妒—envious

    prosperity繁荣,昌盛—prosperous

    四、名词变为以cal结尾的形容词

    medicine—medical医学的,内科的

    origin—original最初的,独创的

    finance—financial财政的,金融的

    practice—practical实际的,实用的

    crime—criminal罪犯,犯罪者

    chemistry—chemical化学的

    tradition—traditional传统的,惯例的

    person—personal私人的,个人的

    occasion—occasional偶然的

    profession—professional专业的

    agriculture—agricultural农业的

    nation—national国家的,民族的

    nature—natural自然的,自然界的

    condition—conditional有条件的

    globe —global 球形的, 全球的

    music —musical音乐的

    benefit —beneficial 有益的

    face —facial面部的

    politics —political政治的

    history —historical历史的

    influence —influential有影响力的

    (作者单位:中山市第一中学)

    责任编校蒋小青

    

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更新时间:2025/3/22 14:33:57