网站首页  词典首页

请输入您要查询的论文:

 

标题 英语中的心理使役动词
范文

    英语中有些动词很像古代汉语中的动词使动用法,这类动词表示人的思想感情,心理反应,可叫做心理使役动词,本文对他们进行分类,并总结常见用法。

    1. 心理使役动词的分类

    英语中有一类动词很像古代汉语中的动词使动用法,这类动词表示人的思想感情,心理反应,具有“使……”的性质或特点,我们把它们叫做心理使役动词。它们有别于一般的心理动词,如hate,like,love等,使用这些动词作谓语时,其宾语是承受某种感情的人或心理变化的人,根据他们做谓语时,其做宾语的人所反应的喜怒哀乐等不同感情,大致可把它们分为如下几类:

    1.1 使人满意,高兴类

    satisfy(使满意),interest(使感兴趣),move(使感动),amuse (使欢乐,逗笑),delight(使高兴),thrill(使激动),fascinate(使迷住),please(使愉快),excite(使兴奋)等。

    1.2 使人忧虑,烦恼类

    worry(使担忧),bore(使厌烦),disappoint(使失望),annoy(使恼怒),exhaust(使筋疲力尽),discourage(使灰心),upset(使烦恼),embarrass(使尴尬), puzzle(使困惑), frustrate(使懊丧)等。

    1.3 使人惊诧,害怕类

    amaze(使吃惊), terrify(使恐怖), horrify(惊吓), frighten(使惊恐), astonish(使惊讶), shock(使惊愕)等。

    2. 常见用法

    使用这些动词时应注意以下几点:

    2.1 这类动词做句子的谓语时,其宾语用表示人的词汇或拟人用法,因为只有人才有承受感情的心理;其主语大多为引起某种感情或心理反应的事物的名词担当。例如:

    His lucky success surprised his friends. 他的幸运成功使朋友们很惊奇。

    Even a short walk exhausted her. 即使走一段短路,她也疲惫不堪。

    His failure disappointed his parents. 他的失败使父母失望。

    What interested her most was the longitude line. 他最感兴趣的是那条(通过天文台的)经线。

    What worries me is how I am going to get another job. 使我发愁的是如何再找到工作。

    It really annoys me when people forget to say thank you. 有人连谢谢都忘记说时我确实感到不愉快。

    Im not boring you, am I? 我没有让你厌烦吧,是不是?

    I hate to disappoint you, but Im just not interested. 我不想使你扫兴,但我确实不感兴趣。

    Dont upset yourself about —lets just forget it ever happened.你别为此事烦恼了——咱们就当它没发生过。

    I did it to please my parents.我这么做是要让父母高兴。

    2.2 含有这类动词的句子中,引起反应的作用者经常使用about, in, by, at, with等介词引导。例如:

    We were all shocked at the news of the presidents death.听到总统的死讯,我们都感到震惊。

    Dont be discouraged by the first failure,—try again!不要因第一次失败就灰心丧气——咱再试一次吧。

    I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize what silly mistakes I had made. 我对她的话感到惊奇,我意识到我已经犯了多么愚蠢的错误。

    They were astonished at the beauty of the display. 他们对展品的漂亮感到惊讶。

    这类动词广泛用于被动语态,很多-ed分词已经形容词化,动词be还可用feel, become,seem等系动词替代,我们亦可称它们为变形了的被动语态,其可被so,very,quite, rather,bitterly,completely,more等副词修饰:

    We are very pleased with their progress. 我们对他们的进步非常高兴。

    After being offered the position, I was completely astonished. 在被提供这个职位后,我完全惊呆了。

    We are not too worried by these results. 我们对这些结果不太担忧。

    They were bitterly disappointed at the result of the game. 他们对比赛成绩极其失望。

    We felt puzzled at these puzzling questions.我们对这些令人迷惑的问题感到茫然。

    Learners can feel very discouraged if an exercise is too difficult. 如果练习太难,学习者就可能感到很没信心。

    Ive never felt so embarrassed in my life. 我一生中从未感到如此难堪过。

    2.3 这类动词的-ing分词用作表语和定语时,句子的主语或所修饰的名词多为表示“物”或“事”的名词。因为-ing分词用于主动语态,所以暗含“令人”、“主动”的意思。例如:

    The thought that they could cross the whole continent was exciting. 她们横穿整个大陆的想法很是令人兴奋。

    The number of errors was surprising. 错误的数量让人吃惊。

    The English class is really interesting.英语课堂真有趣。

    We had a worrying time. 我们度过了一段烦恼的时光。

    Shanghai is really a fascinating city and weve decided to stay for another two weeks. 上海是一座令人心驰神往的城市,他们决定再呆两周。

    Frederick William I, the King of Prussia, could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history. 普鲁士国王威廉一世决不可能想到他送给俄罗斯人民的厚礼会有这样一段令人惊讶的历史。

    -ed分词做表语或定语时,句中的主语或所修饰的词一般为表示人的词。因为-ed分词用于被动语态,用于完成时,所以暗含“被动”或“完成”、“已经”的意思。例如:

    Scientists were puzzled as to why the whale had swum to the shore. 科学家迷惑不解:为什么这头鲸鱼要游到海岸上来?

    He immediately told the astonished people in the Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump. 他马上叫宽街上惊慌失措的人们拆掉水泵的把手。

    He was not discouraged and went on doing his experiments. 他没泄气,继续进行实验。

    许多分词已经形容词化,可做其它句子成分。例如:

    You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk. 你可能会感到惊奇,查理刚说话时大人教他唱歌,他刚能走路时大人就教他跳舞。

    The frightening hurricane made the girls very frightened. 令人可怕的飓风使得姑娘们非常惧怕

    2.4 -ed分词作表语时,其后可跟从句或不定式表原因。例如:

    Neighbors were shocked that such an attack could happen in their area. 邻居们震惊如此袭击竟然发生在他们所住地区。

    She was upset that he had left without saying goodbye. 她对他的不辞而别感到不安。

    He was really disappointed to see she wasnt at the party. 看到她不在舞会上他非常失望。

    2.5 -ed分词可作状语。例如:

    Surprised and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize. 惊奇又高兴,托尼站起来接受奖品。

    Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast sleep. 实在累坏了,我溜上床很快就睡着了。

    Exhausted by the journey, the boys soon fell asleep. 由于旅途的劳顿,男孩子们很快睡着了。

    He turned away disappointed. 他失望地走调了。

    Frustrated, he went back to his home village. 他大失所望地回到故乡。

    “Hes right,” he said, pleased. 他高兴地说他是对的。

    The children watched the acrobatic show, fascinated.孩子们着迷地观看杂技表演。

    2.6 有些这类动词变化做名词可构成to ones ...短语。例如:

    to her great disappointment, to ones joy, to her teachers surprise, to ones delight, to ones satisfaction等。

    ■

    [1] 人民教育出版社. 普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语[T]. 北京:人民教育出版社, 2007.

    [2] 商务印书馆. 牛津高阶英汉双解词典[Z]. 北京:商务印书馆, 2009.

    [3] 邓庭伟. “使”动词的特点及应用[J]. 大学英语,1995(09).

    (作者简介:李颂平,男,大学文化,中学高级教师, 陇南市教育科研先进个人,陇南市名教师, 甘肃省骨干教师, 甘肃省特级教师,国家基础教育实验中心外语教育研究中心研究员,主持完成甘肃省 “十一五省级教育科学规划课题”一项,曾在《英语周报》,《西北师范大学学报》,《西部教育》,《中学生英语》,《考试》,《中学教育科研》,《中学教学参考》等报刊发表文章,在国家基础教育实验中心外语教育研究中心主办的2003年全国中小学教材评价论文征集活动中和2009年全国高考复习优秀论文评比中分别获二等奖,曾任甘肃省文县一中英语教研组组长 ,现任教务处主任,多年承担该校高三英语教学工作,所教学生参加高考,名列陇南市前茅。)

    (作者单位:甘肃省文县一中)

随便看

 

科学优质学术资源、百科知识分享平台,免费提供知识科普、生活经验分享、中外学术论文、各类范文、学术文献、教学资料、学术期刊、会议、报纸、杂志、工具书等各类资源检索、在线阅读和软件app下载服务。

 

Copyright © 2004-2023 puapp.net All Rights Reserved
更新时间:2025/3/13 0:24:44