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标题 语境创设在高三英语一轮复习中的运用
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    于连香

    笔者从高三英语一轮复习的实践中,探索出语境词义串联记忆法,创设合理的语境,让学生在语境中利用目标词汇来写文章,提高了高三英语词汇复习的有效性。

    1. 高三英语学科一轮复习的现状

    高三英语学科的一轮复习,主要是模块的复习,常见的做法就是将模块一至模块八课本中出现的重点单词、短语、句型及重点语法的用法进行复习,这种复习往往是按单元顺序进行的,前后要耗时一个多学期,通常借助于一轮复习资料,这些资料往往大同小异,就是一个单元单词和短语的罗列默写、重点词汇和短语的讲解填空。它们的弊端就是词汇量太大,学生做完后无法确认哪个是重点;每个重点词汇下的练习都是“傻瓜式”的,基本上都是上面讲的哪个词,下面的练习就填写或者选择哪个词,毫无挑战性,学生往往会投机取巧,不动脑子,课堂上很多时间都是用来核对答案的。这样的课堂很无趣,学生的积极性也无法提高,课后配套的练习大多是选择题,没有针对性。这样的一轮复习耗时长而效果却很一般,教师学生都觉得很无趣,而且学生很少能将所复习的重点词汇用于他们的写作中去。

    2. 关于创设语境,利用语篇进行詞汇复习的思考

    针对这一现状,笔者对一轮复习进行了思考和新的尝试,将一单元中的重点词汇进行了集中串联,形成了一篇有意义的、丰富有趣的语篇,让学生在有效的语境中复习单词、短语和句型结构,并进行有效运用,学生的词汇运用能力和学习积极性得到了极大的提高。

    3. 创设语境,串联词汇形成语篇的实例

    3.1 以牛津高中英语模块二第二单元为例。按照1251课堂教学的模式,教师先对第一单元的重点词汇的用法进行复习。师生以口头复习的方式进行了重点短语和句型的复习,教师罗列如下:(1) arrange for sb. to do;(2) in advance/make advances/progress;(3) reflect on ones advice;(4) be buried alive/bury oneself in/be buried in;(5) in which case (引导定语从句);(6) be tired of;(7) sb. hold the view that...

    接着教师给出了这样的一段语篇填空,学生根据刚刚复习的短语及句型,进行运用:

    Tom was once an average student, who was tired of (厌烦学习) study. When he was a Senior 3 student, his head teacher arranged for Mary to help him (安排Mary来帮助他), who gave him much valuable advice. Having reflected on her advice (认真考虑了她的建议之后), Tom changed his attitude towards study, in which case (在这种情况下), he made amazing advances/progress in his studies (在学习上取得了令人惊喜的进步). He previewed his lessons in advance (提前) and took notes of the key points in class in case (以防) he forgot them. Buried in his study (埋头于他的学习), he didnt even notice the amazing changes in him at first. Now, he holds the view that (持有这样的观点) everyone can achieve high grades as long as he studies hard.

    这样的一段文字,有主题、有意义,而且可以对复习的重点内容进行有效的运用,学生非常有成就感。而且教师更惊喜地发现不少学生在后来的书面表达中,对in which case这个结构都有或多或少的运用。

    3.2 句型也可以利用有效的语境进行串联。例如,模块二第二单元的重点句型是以下几点:

    before的句型,had hoped to do表过去未能实现的希望或打算,sb. was/were about to do...when...,whatever引导让步状语从句以及现在分词(doing)作结果状语。

    教师先针对这几个句型进行了适当操练和引申,在巩固运用环节,教师不是随意将几道选择题一钩了事,而是给学生一段语篇,让他们进行小组讨论,将刚刚所涉及到的句型运用进去,此时还可以引进小组竞赛的方式,先完成的小组可以先展示,学生的积极性高涨。中文语篇如下:

    “Tom总是在认真考虑前许下承诺。一天,老板安排他去机场接他,他原计划在路上给老板买个礼物来取悦他。但是,他正要出发的时候,女朋友打来电话让Tom去帮她修电脑,他毫不犹豫地承诺马上就到。在这种情况下,当他到达机场时,他已经迟到了两小时,这使得老板很生气。他想要解释,但老板告诉他,无论他有什么理由,他都被解雇了。当他打电话告诉女朋友这个坏消息时,结果却被告知她再也不想见到他了。多么不幸的人啊!”

    学生进行小组讨论确定哪句可以运用所复习的句型。考虑到学生的能力差异,教师也可以给出下面的文章框架,让学生来完善它。

    Tom always made promises before he reflected on them carefully (认真考虑前). One day, his boss arranged for him to pick him up at the airport (安排他去机场接他). He had planned (原计划) to buy the boss a gift to please him, but he was about to start off when (正要出发的时候.……就在那时) his girlfriend called, asking him to repair her computer. He promised to come at once without hesitation (毫不犹豫), in which case (在这种情况下), he was two hours late when he arrived at the airport, making the boss very angry (这让老板很生气). He tried to explain, but the boss told him whatever reasons he had (无论他有什么理由), he was fired. He called his girl friend to tell her the bad news, only to be told (结果却被告知……) she would never want to see him anymore. What an unfortunate man!

    这篇文章符合逻辑,而且主题也很清晰,学生读起来还觉得很有趣,文中将本课复习过的短语句型和本课的重点句型都糅合了进去,让学生在语境中运用所学的句型,比一个个孤立的造句翻译更能让学生理解。

    高三一轮复习的目的是夯实基础,这些基础的字、词、句不应该是一个个孤立的个体,而应该是有意义的,这些字、词、句不是靠死记硬背记住的,而是在真正的运用中理解并学会运用。当然,这样将重点字、词、句串联成文章的做法,对教师备课提出了较高要求,教师也可尝试着让学生来编文章,学生将重点的内容编进文章中的过程本身就是一种学习和运用。

    (作者单位:江苏省镇江市丹徒高级中学)

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更新时间:2024/12/23 6:26:52