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标题 浅谈间接否定
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    【摘要】英语里表达否定意义的方法一般是直接在句子里加no,not,none, never, hardly, little, scarcely, seldom, neither…nor…等; 或在单词前加前缀dis-, in-, non-, un-, under-, 如: discomfort , incapable, nonconfidence, untouched, undernourish; 或在单词后加后缀less, 如helpless, careless 。

    【关键词】间接否定;疑问句;虚拟语气;介词短语;委婉语

    【作者简介】赵宗祥(1969-),男,甘肃省定西市通渭县西关小学,高级教师,研究方向:小学英语教育教学。

    任何语言,均往往以丰富多样的方法来表达同一意义,以求得异曲同工之妙 。自然,英语也不例外 。英语里表达否定意义的方法, 一般是直接在句子里加no,not,none,never,hardly,little , scarcely , seldom , neither…nor…等 ; 或在单词前加前缀dis- , in- , non- , un-,under- ,如: discomfort , incapable, nonconfidence , untouched , undernourish ; 或在单词后加后缀less , 如helpless , careless 。以上諸种否定方法,均为一般的英语学习者所熟知 。但是,英语里还不乏采用间接手段来表示否定意义的方法,本文谓之“间接否定”,意指其否定意义蕴藉而不显露。现对若干间接否定方法举例如下:一、采用rather than或sooner than表示否定意义

    1. I rather than you, should do the work . 该做这项工作的是我,而不是你 。

    2. He would sooner die than surrender.? 他宁死不降 。二、采用含有but的词组来表示否定意义

    1.? anything but. His manners are anything but? pleasant. (His manners are not pleasant.)他的举止并不令人喜欢 。

    2. but? for. But for your help , I should have failed .? 如非你之助,我早已失败了。

    3. but what. Not a day but what it rains.? 没有一天不下雨。三、采用more than来表示否定意义

    1. The beauty of the place is more than? I can describe .? 此地的美丽真是无法形容。

    2 . The traveller entertained his host with stories , some of which were really more than? could be believed .? 旅行者给主人讲了一些故事,其中有一些简直难以置信 。四、采用疑问句表示否定意义

    1. What do I care?? (=? I do not care .)? 我才不在乎呢!

    2. Am I my brothers? keeper ?? (= It is not my duty to keep my brother .)? 难道要我来照看弟弟吗 ?

    3. Who knows? (= No one knows .) 谁知道 ?五、采用虚拟语气来表示否定意义

    1. If I had the money , I would buy it . (= Now I have not the money ,? so I cant buy it .) 我假若有钱,就会买这些东西 。

    2. How nice it would be if you could stay a bit longer !(=? The fact is that you cant stay .)? 你如果能多呆一会,那该有多好!六、采用某些介词短语来表示否定意义

    1. off guard = not alert to coming danger. In the second that the boxer was off guard ,? his opponent landed a knockout punch. 拳击手没留心的当儿·,对手即把他击倒了。

    2. beside the? point? = having nothing to do with something

    The judge told the witness that his remarks were beside the point? ?。? 法官告诉证人他的话根本与案子无关 。七、采用某些形容词短语表示否定意义

    1. free from. In April the metropolis is free from? ?fog and mist .? (= In? April? there is no fog and mist in the metropolis .)? 这大都市在四月份没有雾霭 。

    2.? short? of. We did not buy anything because we were short of? ?money .? (=? We did not buy anything because we did not have enough money.)? ?我们因缺钱而没买东西 。八、采用too…to…来表示否定意义

    He is too? ?weak to? walk . 他太虚弱,不能走路 。九、采用某些动词来表示否定意义

    1. I failed in persuading him. 我说不了他 。

    2. The exact date has escaped? me? .? 我记不起确切的日期了。十、采用the last 表示否定意义

    1. He is the last man to accept a bribe . 他绝不是受贿的人。

    2. Romantic is the last thing I? am? . 我绝不是浪漫的人。十一、采用委婉语表示否定意义

    There is much room for improvement in your work. 你的工作有很大的改进空间。十二、采用反语表示否定意义

    Much I care. 我才不在乎呢。十三、采用具有否定意义的名词

    如:lack, absence, failure.

    The failure was the making of him.这次不成功是他后来成功的基础。十四、采用具有否定意义的形容词

    如:short, missing, far等。

    Her explanation is far from satisfactory.她的解释不让人满意。十五、否定词项前置构成否定时,必须部分倒装

    At no time were we friends.十六、采用否定意義的限定词

    如:hardly,scarcely,seldom等。He seldom gets any sleep.

    英语是一种丰富多彩、灵活多变的语言,其否定意义的表达方法也呈千姿百态。

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更新时间:2025/3/21 13:28:27