| 标题 | Different Ways of Expressing Direction in the Verb Phrase in Chinese and English |
| 范文 | 【Abstract】In cross-cultural communication， the very significant content of culture is “Language”. Here in this thesis the author will focus on one specific topic in language—expressing direction in the verb phrase in Chinese and English. In the thesis， the author tried to discover both similarities and differences in the two languages， to show some guidance for language learners， and keep them from the interference of mother tongue. 【Key words】globalization; directional; literal; figurative; idiomatic 【作者简介】王丽（1982.09-），女，汉族，天津人，天津师范大学津沽学院外语系，讲师，硕士研究生，研究方向：英美文化。 Introduction Direction can be expressed in the English verb phrase by a variety of construction. These can be divided into four categories： Verb + Prepositional Phrase; Prepositional Verb; Phrasal Verb; Phrasal-Prepositional Verb. The term we shall use to include all four categories is “ directional verb phrase”. In English there are about 30 particles and preposition， which can be used in directional verb phrases. Chinese students learning English encounter problems with the use of prepositions and phrasal verbs similar to those of foreign students learning to use Chinese directional verbs. 1. Characteristics of Chinese directional verbs 1.1 In Chinese， directional verbs can be used independently， acting as the predicate of the sentence： For example： 张三来了。 1.2 When directional verbs are used in conjunction with a main verb， the following points can be noted. ⑴“來”and “去”indicate action in opposite directions， with the speakers position as point of reference. e.g. 请今晚到我这儿来。 ⑵When “上，下，进，出，回，过，开，起” act as single-character directional verbs， the direction expressed does not bear a strong relation to the speaker， but to another object or place. e.g. 登山队爬上了高峰。 ⑶The direction expressed by compound directional verbs“上来，下去…”etc. often relates to both the speaker and another object or place. e.g. 我们的车子开不出去。 1.3 The meanings of the single-character directional verbs are given below. Compound directional verbs can be formed by adding“来”or “去”to each of the single-character directional verbs， with the exception of “起”，which can only take“来”。 1.4 We have divided the combination of main verb + directional verb into the categories below according to meaning： Literal， Figurative， Idiomatic. ⑴ Literal （字面义） e.g. 坐下 sit down; ⑵ Figurative （引申义） e.g. 唱起来start to sing; ⑶ Idiomatic（习惯义）The verb phrase has no directional meaning. The main verb and the directional verb combine， often with “得”or “不”， to produce a completely new meaning. Eg. 对不起。 2.Characteristics of English directional verb phrases 2.1 Structural Classification ⑴Verb + Prepositional Phrase? e.g. John fell on the floor. ⑵Prepositional verb? e.g. He listened to the radio. ⑶Phrasal verb e.g. The grandmother brought up the children. ⑷ Phrasal-Prepositional Verb. 2.2 Classification according to types of meanings ⑴ Literal：Both the verb and the particle keep their individual lexical meanings. e.g. bring in; ⑵ Figurative ：The verb phrase has a figurative meaning. stay over; ⑶ Idiomatic? eg. turn up. 3. Similarities and differences 3.1 Corresponding directional verb and particle in Chinese and English.漢语与英语中趋向动词短语相同和相应的例子。例如：跑上来 run up. 3.2 Directional verb and particle in Chinese and English汉、英相似的趋向动词短语的例子。例子：他爱上她了。He fell in love with her. 3.3 Directional verb used in Chinese 汉语中用趋向动词短语而英语中不用的例子。例子：看上去不坏。It seems to be all right. 4. Conclusion At the beginning of the paper， I analyze the respective characteristics of direction expressions in Chinese and English with proper examples. Then I put the two languages together to see the similarities and differences at expressing direction. The examples are also shown to demonstrate the ideas. References： [1]吴中伟.现代汉语句子的主题研究[M].北京大学出版社，2004. |
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