标题 | 不同群体厚朴苗期主要性状观测分析 |
范文 | 蒋燕锋++潘心禾++朱虹++刘跃钧??![]() ![]() ![]() 摘要:采集来自湖北、广西和浙江种源的厚朴半同胞家系成熟种子,湿沙保存后进行实生育苗试验,观测幼苗的出苗、生长等情况;落叶后统计幼苗株高、地径等情况。结果表明:不同种源厚朴幼苗生长过程基本一致,分为出苗期,生长初期,快速生长期和落叶期;一年生幼苗平均株高、地径最高为广西种源(47.04 cm,0.90 cm),最低为湖北种源(29.07 cm,0.78 cm);不同种源厚朴幼苗之间株高差异达到极显著水平,地径差异不显著;湖北种源家系间地径差异极显著,株高差异显著。广西种源家系间株高差异极显著,地径差异不显著。浙江景宁种源家系间幼苗株高、地径均差异不显著;家系内单株间株高、地径均差异极显著。一年生厚朴幼苗株高生长最快为广西种源,浙江种源次之,湖北种源最慢,地径生长差别不大;半同胞家系内差异极显著,在厚朴良种选育过程中应充分重视优良种源、优良家系与优良单株的配合选择。 关键词:厚朴;苗期;性状 中图分类号:S722.5;S722.7文献标识码:A文章编号:1004-3020(2016)06-0015-04 Main Traits Observation of Young Growth Families of Magnolia Officinalis From Different Groups Jiang YanfengPan XinheZhu HongLiu Yuejun (Lishui Academy of ForestryLishui323000) Abstract: Half sib seeds of Magnolia officinalis kept in wet sand were collected from Hubei, Guangxi and Zhejiang provenance. Seedling emergence and growth situation were observed and studied. Plant height and ground diameter situation were recorded in winter. The results showed that the growth situation of M. officinalis from different places were basically consistent that it could be roughly divided into seedling stage, growth stage, rapid growth period and defoliation; The highest of average height and diameter of annual seedling was Guangxi source(47.04 cm and 0.90 cm), the minimum was Hubei provenance (29.07cm, 0.78 cm).Difference of seedling plant height reached extremely significant level between different provenances while the diameter difference was not significant; It had extremely significant diameter difference and significant height difference between families from Hubei provenance. It had extremely significant height difference and no significant diameter difference between families from Guangxi provenance. It didnt have significant diameter difference between families fromZhejaing provenance, but significant height difference. It had extremely significant diameter difference and extremely significant height difference between singles. Annual seedlings of Magnolia officinalis from Guangxi provenances had the fastest high growth , Hubei provenance was the last while difference diameter growth was almost the same; Half sib families had extremely significant difference.It should be payed full attention to the selection of superior provenances,families and superior individual,in the process of breeding of M. officinalis. Key words:Magnolia officinalis; seedling stage;character 厚樸为木兰科植物厚朴Magnolia officinalis 或凹叶厚朴M. ficinalis varbiloba 的干燥干皮、枝皮和根皮[1],先后被列入国家珍稀濒危植物和国家二级保护中药,是我国特有的珍贵中药材传统中药,始载于《神农本草经》,列为中品,历代本草均有收载,味苦辛,性温,具有温中理气、散满消胀、燥湿消积等功效。前者主要分布于四川、湖北等省, 称为“川朴”, 其叶型为小凸尖叶;后者主产于广西、福建等省,称为“温朴”, 其叶型为凹叶,两者之间还有许多在叶形上呈中间状态的过渡类型,常垂直生长在海拔500~3 000 m 的丘陵、山地地带[2]。厚朴皮是厚朴栽培的主要目的产物,有研究表明,同一种源的厚朴人工林尽管林龄、立地条件不同,但其树皮生长与胸径、树高呈显著的正相关,即胸径越粗、树越高树皮就越厚[3,4]。厚朴为多年生树种,在幼苗期间研究其地径与株高的生长特点,可为厚朴的栽培实践与良种选育提供理论依据。 1材料与方法 1.1供试种质 于9月下旬至10月上旬(厚朴种子成熟期),分别收集湖北省五峰县湾谭镇、广西省资源县铜座乡、浙江省景宁县外舍乡3个分别代表小尖叶型、凹叶型及中间型厚朴的30个半同胞家系种子,去掉外种皮后湿沙混藏。每棵母株均相隔30 m以上,每棵采集15个以上聚合果。 1.2种源与家系田间试验 1.2.1试验地概况 浙江省丽水市林业科学研究院试验基地(N 29°51′,E 119°41′),海拔150 m;年平均气温183 ℃,极端高温达423 ℃,极端最低温-79 ℃,年有效积温5 600 ℃;平均年日照1 800 h;无霜期250 d;年均降水量1 700 mm。 1.2.2育苗试验 分种源、家系播种育苗。试验圃地前作为水稻,12月初翻耕,12月中旬施腐熟栏肥15 000 kg/hm2,复合肥40 kg,并进行第二次翻耕,次年1月初用小木棍按30 cm 的行距压出3 cm的播种沟,将种子混于适量的沙与洗衣粉中,用手搓擦至红色蜡质全部去掉,再用清水冲洗干净,播种80~100粒/m2,覆盖焦泥灰至沟满[5],统一田间管理[6]。 1.3调查方法 播种后,从有苗破土开始,每月月底观测种子出土,展叶及生长情况,每个种源随机选取15个家系,每个家系(H8,G8,Z14)随机抽取30株,挂牌,每隔30 d 用钢卷尺测定苗高,用游标卡尺测地径,直至苗木落叶。及时做好记录与存档。 2结果与分析 2.1生物生长特性观测 不同种源厚朴幼苗生长过程基本一致,分为出苗期,生长初期,快速生长期和落叶期。出苗期在4月至5月,80%以上幼苗集中在4月下旬至5月中旬出苗;生长初期为地上部分出现真叶,开始进行光合作用, 幼苗出土后的1个月左右,;8月初至9月底为快速生长期,3个种源试验种苗分别在这期间(2个月左右)平均高生长量为1659 cm、2811 cm、1761 cm,地径平生长量为030 cm、034 cm、035 cm;落叶期为10月底之后,幼苗停止高生长,且逐渐出现落叶现象,直至落光。 2.2种源间苗高与地径的差异 不同种源厚朴幼苗苗高存在极显著差异。湖北五峰种源、广西资源种源和浙江景宁种源幼苗苗高分别为980~4660 cm、2010~7320cm、1670~6620 cm,均值分别为2907 cm、4704 cm、3371 cm。广西资源种源厚朴幼苗苗高生长优势显著,分别为湖北五峰种源、广西资源种源的162倍和140倍,差异达到极显著水平(P<001)。三个参试种源厚朴幼苗地径生长差别不大,平均地径分别为078 cm、090 cm、079 cm,差异不显著(P>005),见表3。 2.3种源内家系间株高与地径差异 通过种源内家系间厚朴幼苗的地径与株高观测与分析,湖北五峰种源厚朴幼苗株高范围为2286~3414 cm,最高株高是最低的149倍,差异达到显著水平(001 005);浙江景宁种源厚朴幼苗株高范围为2112~4292 cm,最高株高是最低的203倍差异达到极显著水平(P<001),地径为060~086 cm,差异不显著(P>005),见表4。 |
随便看 |
|
科学优质学术资源、百科知识分享平台,免费提供知识科普、生活经验分享、中外学术论文、各类范文、学术文献、教学资料、学术期刊、会议、报纸、杂志、工具书等各类资源检索、在线阅读和软件app下载服务。