标题 | 计入流固耦合作用的动压径向滑动轴承静特性分析 |
范文 | 时志能等 摘要:基于两相流理论,并考虑润滑油与轴瓦的流固耦合作用,计算了动压径向滑动轴承的油膜参数。由于两相流模型引入负压对轴承承载的作用,其载荷计算值大于单相流、雷诺方程的求解结果。通过调整轴瓦的弹性模量,揭示了轴瓦材料对轴承压力分布、载荷、油膜汽化比例的影响规律。在一定范围内减少轴瓦刚度,能够降低轴承的最大压力,减少轴承变形量,因此轴瓦材料的选择恰当与否,是确保轴承能否稳定运行的重要因素。 关键词:两相流模型;流固耦合;弹性模量;压力分布;汽化比例 中图分类号:TK263.6 文献标志码:A 文章编号: 16721683(2014)05004104 Analysis of static characteristics of hydrodynamic radial sliding bearing in consideration of fluidstructure interaction SHI Zhineng1,QU Bo1,LIU Dingwei2,LI Wenling1 (1.College of Energy and Electric Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China; 2.Dadu River Hydropower development Co.,Ltd,Chengdu 610000,China) Abstract:The oil film parameters of the dynamic radial slide bearing were calculated based on the twophase flow theory with the consideration of the fluidstructure interaction effects of lubricating oil and bearing bushing.Due to that the twophase flow model introduces the effects of negative pressure on the bearing load,the calculated load results were greater than those determined by the singlephase flow and Reynolds equation.The impacts of bearing material on the pressure distribution and load of bearing and vaporization proportion of the oil film were demonstrated through the adjustment of the elastic modulus of bearing.Reducing the stiffness of engine bearing can decrease the maximum pressure of bearing and the amount of bearing deformation to some extent.Therefore,proper selection of bearing material is an important factor to ensure the stable operation of bearing. Key words:twophase flow model;fluidstructure interaction;elastic modulus;pressure distribution;vaporization proportion 动压径向滑动轴承是通过自身旋转,不断调节轴颈偏心率来适应外部载荷变化的机械部件,其润滑特性的好坏直接关系到旋转机械的安全稳定运行[1]。传统的轴承计算方法是通过直接求解Reynolds方程,获取轴承静、动特性的相关参数,但是Reynolds方程是NS方程的一种简化,它忽略了惯性项及油膜曲率等因素[23],其应用存在一定局限性。随着计算流体动力学及计算机的快速发展,运用CFD数值模拟技术已经成为轴承特性研究的重要手段,求解模型正在从单相流向多相流发展,与单相流计算相比,多相流求解的油膜压力场分布、载荷等静特性参数更符合实验测量值5 结论 (1)比较雷诺方程、CFD模拟的轴承静特性结果,雷诺方程求解得出的最大压力、载荷均小于CFD数值模拟;CFX单相流求解的载荷值小于Fluent;此外,Fluent单相流求解的油膜正压分布与两相流基本一致,但两相流考虑了油膜负压的影响,载荷求解结果较大。 (2)轴瓦弹性模量较小时,油膜最大压力、载荷、轴瓦变形量均下降明显,而油膜汽化比例则存在一定范围的波动区间;随着弹性模量的增加,波动减小,汽化比例呈下降趋势。 需要说明的是,本文未考虑润滑油的黏温、压变效应及轴瓦温度变形等因素,为了更加准确的研究滑动轴承静特性,研究方法仍有待进一步改善。 参考文献(References): [1] 张直明.滑动轴承的流体动力润滑理论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1986.(ZHANG Zhiming,The hydrodynamic lubrication theory of Sliding Bearing[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,1986.(in Chinese)) [2] Almqvist T,Almqvist A,Larsson R.A comparison between computational fluid dynamic and Reynolds approaches for simulating transient EKL line contacts[J].Tribology International,2004,37(1):6169. 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[5] 涂林,李多明,段滋华.基于Fluent的动压径向轴承油膜力场模拟研究[J].润滑与密封,2011,36(4):8286.( TU Lin,LI Duoming,DUAN Zihua.Pressure field numerical simulation of Hydrodynamic Bearing Based on Fluent[J].Lubrication Engineering,2011,36(4):8286.(in Chinese)) [6] 康宁,迟启明.基于 NS方程的径向滑动轴承油膜承载力的计算[J].润滑与密封,2010(10):912.(KANG Ling,CHI Qiming.Calculation of oil film load of radial sliding bearing based on NS equation[J].Lubrication Engineering,2010(10):912.(in Chinese)) [7] 高庆水,杨建刚.基于CFD方法的液体动压滑动轴承动特性研究[J].润滑与轴承,2008,33(9):6567.(GAO Qingshui,YANG Jiangang.Research on the dynamic characteristics of hydrodynamical journal bearing based on CFD analysis[J].Lubrication Engineering,2008,33(9):6567.(in Chinese)) [8] 张旭,李智,杨建刚,等.基于CFD方法的滑动轴承实际油膜特性[J].液压与气动,2011(4):97100.( ZHANG Xu,LI Zhi,YANG Jiangang,et al.Research on the pressure distribution of oil film in journal bearing based on CFD analysis[J].Chinese Hydraulics & Pneumatics,2011(4):97100.(in Chinese)) [9] 张楚,杨建刚,郭瑞,等.基于两相流理论的滑动轴承流场计算分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(29):8084.( ZHANG Chu,YANG Jiangang,GUO Rui,et al.Simulation of journal bearing flow field using computational fluid dynamics two phase flow theory[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(29):8084.(in Chinese))[ZK)] [10] [ZK(#]孟凡明,隆涛,高贵响,等.气穴对滑动轴承摩擦学性能影响的CFD分析[J].重庆大学学报,2013,36(7):611.(MENG Fanming,LONG Tao,GAO Guixiang,et al.Study on the effect of cavitation on tribological performances of sliding bearing by CFD Method[J].Journal of Chongqing University,2013,36(7):611.(in Chinese)) [11] Guo Z,Hirano T,Kirk R G.Application of CFD analysis for rotating machineryPart I:Hydrodynamic,hydrostatic bearings and squeeze film damper[J].Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power,2005,127(2):445451. [12] 陈艳霞,陈磊.ANSYS Workbench工程应用案例精通[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2012.(CHEN Yanxia,CHEN Lei.The Applications proficient of engineering in ANSYS Workbench[M].Beijing:Electronic Industry Press,2012.(in Chinese)) [13] 王福军.计算流体动力学分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.(WANG Fujun.Computational fluid dynamics analysis[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2004.(in Chinese)) [14] McBroom H L.Cavitation in journal bearings[J].Industrial Lubrication and Tribology,1953,5(4):1016. [15] Vincent B,Maspeyrot P,Frene J.Cavitation in dynamically loaded journal bearings using mobility method[J].Wear,1996,193(2):155162. [3] 史冬岩,张成,任龙龙,等.滑动轴承压力分布及动特性系数[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,2011,32(9):11341139.(SHI Dongyan,ZHANG Cheng,REN Longlong,et al.Research on the oil film pressure and dynamic coefficient of a Sliding Bearing[J].Journal of Harbin Engineering University,2011,32(9):11341139.(in Chinese)) [4] Gertzos K P,Nikolakopoulos P G,Papadopoulos C A.CFD analysis of journal bearing hydrodynamic lubrication by Bingham lubricant[J].Tribology International,2008,41(12):11901204. [5] 涂林,李多明,段滋华.基于Fluent的动压径向轴承油膜力场模拟研究[J].润滑与密封,2011,36(4):8286.( TU Lin,LI Duoming,DUAN Zihua.Pressure field numerical simulation of Hydrodynamic Bearing Based on Fluent[J].Lubrication Engineering,2011,36(4):8286.(in Chinese)) [6] 康宁,迟启明.基于 NS方程的径向滑动轴承油膜承载力的计算[J].润滑与密封,2010(10):912.(KANG Ling,CHI Qiming.Calculation of oil film load of radial sliding bearing based on NS equation[J].Lubrication Engineering,2010(10):912.(in Chinese)) [7] 高庆水,杨建刚.基于CFD方法的液体动压滑动轴承动特性研究[J].润滑与轴承,2008,33(9):6567.(GAO Qingshui,YANG Jiangang.Research on the dynamic characteristics of hydrodynamical journal bearing based on CFD analysis[J].Lubrication Engineering,2008,33(9):6567.(in Chinese)) [8] 张旭,李智,杨建刚,等.基于CFD方法的滑动轴承实际油膜特性[J].液压与气动,2011(4):97100.( ZHANG Xu,LI Zhi,YANG Jiangang,et al.Research on the pressure distribution of oil film in journal bearing based on CFD analysis[J].Chinese Hydraulics & Pneumatics,2011(4):97100.(in Chinese)) [9] 张楚,杨建刚,郭瑞,等.基于两相流理论的滑动轴承流场计算分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(29):8084.( ZHANG Chu,YANG Jiangang,GUO Rui,et al.Simulation of journal bearing flow field using computational fluid dynamics two phase flow theory[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(29):8084.(in Chinese))[ZK)] [10] [ZK(#]孟凡明,隆涛,高贵响,等.气穴对滑动轴承摩擦学性能影响的CFD分析[J].重庆大学学报,2013,36(7):611.(MENG Fanming,LONG Tao,GAO Guixiang,et al.Study on the effect of cavitation on tribological performances of sliding bearing by CFD Method[J].Journal of Chongqing University,2013,36(7):611.(in Chinese)) [11] Guo Z,Hirano T,Kirk R G.Application of CFD analysis for rotating machineryPart I:Hydrodynamic,hydrostatic bearings and squeeze film damper[J].Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power,2005,127(2):445451. [12] 陈艳霞,陈磊.ANSYS Workbench工程应用案例精通[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2012.(CHEN Yanxia,CHEN Lei.The Applications proficient of engineering in ANSYS Workbench[M].Beijing:Electronic Industry Press,2012.(in Chinese)) [13] 王福军.计算流体动力学分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.(WANG Fujun.Computational fluid dynamics analysis[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2004.(in Chinese)) [14] McBroom H L.Cavitation in journal bearings[J].Industrial Lubrication and Tribology,1953,5(4):1016. [15] Vincent B,Maspeyrot P,Frene J.Cavitation in dynamically loaded journal bearings using mobility method[J].Wear,1996,193(2):155162. [3] 史冬岩,张成,任龙龙,等.滑动轴承压力分布及动特性系数[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,2011,32(9):11341139.(SHI Dongyan,ZHANG Cheng,REN Longlong,et al.Research on the oil film pressure and dynamic coefficient of a Sliding Bearing[J].Journal of Harbin Engineering University,2011,32(9):11341139.(in Chinese)) [4] Gertzos K P,Nikolakopoulos P G,Papadopoulos C A.CFD analysis of journal bearing hydrodynamic lubrication by Bingham lubricant[J].Tribology International,2008,41(12):11901204. [5] 涂林,李多明,段滋华.基于Fluent的动压径向轴承油膜力场模拟研究[J].润滑与密封,2011,36(4):8286.( TU Lin,LI Duoming,DUAN Zihua.Pressure field numerical simulation of Hydrodynamic Bearing Based on Fluent[J].Lubrication Engineering,2011,36(4):8286.(in Chinese)) [6] 康宁,迟启明.基于 NS方程的径向滑动轴承油膜承载力的计算[J].润滑与密封,2010(10):912.(KANG Ling,CHI Qiming.Calculation of oil film load of radial sliding bearing based on NS equation[J].Lubrication Engineering,2010(10):912.(in Chinese)) [7] 高庆水,杨建刚.基于CFD方法的液体动压滑动轴承动特性研究[J].润滑与轴承,2008,33(9):6567.(GAO Qingshui,YANG Jiangang.Research on the dynamic characteristics of hydrodynamical journal bearing based on CFD analysis[J].Lubrication Engineering,2008,33(9):6567.(in Chinese)) [8] 张旭,李智,杨建刚,等.基于CFD方法的滑动轴承实际油膜特性[J].液压与气动,2011(4):97100.( ZHANG Xu,LI Zhi,YANG Jiangang,et al.Research on the pressure distribution of oil film in journal bearing based on CFD analysis[J].Chinese Hydraulics & Pneumatics,2011(4):97100.(in Chinese)) [9] 张楚,杨建刚,郭瑞,等.基于两相流理论的滑动轴承流场计算分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(29):8084.( ZHANG Chu,YANG Jiangang,GUO Rui,et al.Simulation of journal bearing flow field using computational fluid dynamics two phase flow theory[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(29):8084.(in Chinese))[ZK)] [10] [ZK(#]孟凡明,隆涛,高贵响,等.气穴对滑动轴承摩擦学性能影响的CFD分析[J].重庆大学学报,2013,36(7):611.(MENG Fanming,LONG Tao,GAO Guixiang,et al.Study on the effect of cavitation on tribological performances of sliding bearing by CFD Method[J].Journal of Chongqing University,2013,36(7):611.(in Chinese)) [11] Guo Z,Hirano T,Kirk R G.Application of CFD analysis for rotating machineryPart I:Hydrodynamic,hydrostatic bearings and squeeze film damper[J].Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power,2005,127(2):445451. [12] 陈艳霞,陈磊.ANSYS Workbench工程应用案例精通[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2012.(CHEN Yanxia,CHEN Lei.The Applications proficient of engineering in ANSYS Workbench[M].Beijing:Electronic Industry Press,2012.(in Chinese)) [13] 王福军.计算流体动力学分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.(WANG Fujun.Computational fluid dynamics analysis[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2004.(in Chinese)) [14] McBroom H L.Cavitation in journal bearings[J].Industrial Lubrication and Tribology,1953,5(4):1016. [15] Vincent B,Maspeyrot P,Frene J.Cavitation in dynamically loaded journal bearings using mobility method[J].Wear,1996,193(2):155162. |
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