| 单词 | past |
| 释义 | past noun¹ 1time before the present过去adjective | verb + past | preposition | phrases adjective➤immediate, recent刚刚过去的时间；不久以前▸➤ancient, dim and distant, distant, remote久远的过去；模糊遥远的过去；遥远的过去◆many modern festivals can be traced back to an ancient past.现代的很多节日都可以追溯到久远的过去。◆it all happened in the distant past.所有的一切都发生在遥远的过去。verb + past➤cling to, live in, relive留恋／生活在／回味过去◆we're going to have to stop living in the past and invest in new technology if the company is to survive.要想公司生存下去，我们就不能再沉湎于过去，而必须投资开发新技术。➤reconstruct, recreate重现过去◆archaeology provides us with tools for reconstructing the past.考古为我们提供了还原历史的工具。➤erase, forget抹掉／忘记过去▸➤belong in, belong to属于过去◆those memories belong to the past and i don't want to think about them.那些记忆属于过去，我不愿意再去回想了。preposition➤from the past从过去◆memories from the past came flooding back to him.过去的记忆如潮水般涌现。➤in the past在过去◆i admit that i have made mistakes in the past.我承认我以前犯过错误。➤into the past到过去◆events stretching back many years into the past回溯到很多年前的事件➤of the past过去的◆great artists of the past往昔伟大的艺术家phrases➤be all in the past一切都已过去◆don't worry about it－it's all in the past now.不要再为之担心了，现在一切都过去了。➤a break with the past和过去的决裂◆in an effort to make a complete break with the past, she went to live in morocco.为了能彻底忘掉过去，她去摩洛哥居住了。➤a glimpse of the past对过去的一瞥◆the uncovering of the buried town gives us a unique glimpse of the past.对这个埋在地下的城镇的挖掘让我们对过去有了一点儿特别的认识。➤a link with the past和过去的联系◆the old market is a living link with the past, unchanged for hundreds of years.这个老市场数百年来没有变化，是追忆旧时岁月的活化石。➤nostalgia for the past怀旧之情➤a thing of the past不复存在◆a new device that makes such problems a thing of the past使这类问题不复存在的新装置past noun² 2sb/sth's history历史adjective | verb + past | preposition adjective➤historic, historical历史性的事件；历史事件➤forgotten被遗忘的过去◆he was forced to confront his forgotten past.他被迫面对自己已忘却的过去。➤colourful/colorful, rich多彩的／丰富的经历▸➤chequered/checkered, murky, painful, sordid, troubled成败并存的过去；不清白的过去；痛苦的往昔；肮脏的历史；坎坷的过去➤mysterious神秘的过去▸➤criminal犯罪史▸➤glorious, illustrious (especially bre) 辉煌的过去；灿烂的历史◆few remnants remain of the city's glorious past.这个城市辉煌的过去没有多少遗迹存留了。➤cultural, political文化史；政治史▸➤ancestral, evolutionary祖先的历史；进化史▸➤colonial, imperial, industrial殖民地历史；帝国的过去；工业史◆these customs are a relic of the country's colonial past.这些习俗是这个国家殖民历史遗产的一部份。verb + past➤reflect on反思往事▸➤recapture回忆往事◆he tried in vain to recapture his past.他试图回忆起以前的事情来，但却一无所获。➤erase, escape from, forget, put behind you, wipe out抹去历史；逃避历史；忘记过去；将往事置于脑后◆political parties cannot escape from their pasts any more than individuals can.政党和个人一样，无法逃避自己的过去。◆therapy helped dan put the past behind him.治疗帮助丹放下了过去的经历。preposition➤from your past从自己的过去◆ghosts from his past他摆脱不掉的往事➤in your past在昔日时光◆at some time in her past她往昔岁月中的某个时候the past nounthe past ♦︎ history ♦︎ the old daysthese are all words for the time before the present.这些词均表示昔日。patterns and collocations 句型和搭配◆in the past / (sth's) history / the old days◆sth's colourful / rich / chequered / glorious past / history◆sth's cultural / political / imperial / industrial past / history◆(the / sth's) recent / ancient / medieval past / history◆to be lost in (the) past / history◆to distort / rewrite (the) past / history■ the past --> [singular] the time before the present过去；昔日◆i used to go there often in the past.过去我常去那儿。◆don't worry about it－it's all in the past now.别再为那事烦了 － 都已经过去了。◆it all happened in the distant past.那都是很久以前的事了。◆we have to stop living in the past and invest in new technology.我们不能永远活在过去，必须投资新技术。◆writing letters seems to be a thing of the past.写信好像已是昔日的事情了。 ➡ see also past → previous adj. ■ history [uncountable, singular] all the events that happened in an earlier time, especially as part of the political or social development of a country; the set of facts that are known about the past existence of a place or group of people历史；（某地方或某人群的）发展史◆many people throughout history have dreamt of a world without war.历史上很多人梦想过没有战争的世界。◆these events changed the course of history.这些事件改变了历史的轨迹。◆he will go down in history (= be remembered) as a wise politician and a kind man.他将作为睿智而善良的政治家载入史册。◆the country has suffered several invasions during its history.该国历史上经历了几次外国入侵。◆venice has a rich and colourful history.威尼斯的历史丰富多彩。▸ historical adjective◆the historical background to the war这场战争的历史背景◆historical documents / records / research历史文献／档案／研究◆a historical novel / setting历史小说；历史背景▸ historically adverb◆the book is historically inaccurate.这本书与史实不符。■ the old days -->idiom (rather informal) a time in the past, or an earlier time in sb's life, when things were different from the way they are now（与现在有别的）昔日，过去◆meeting up with school friends reminded her again of the good old days.和老同学见面让她回忆起昔日的美好时光。◆that was in the bad old days of rampant inflation.那是在过去通胀失控的苦难日子。◆deciding what to watch on television was so much easier in the old days.过去，决定看什么电视节目比现在容易多了。past [countable, usually singular] a person's life or career before now（某人）过去的经历（或事业）◆we don't know anything about his past.我们对他的过去一无所知。◆she didn't tell them about her boyfriend's criminal past.她没跟他们提起男友犯过罪。ⓘ past can also be used to talk about an aspect of a place before now. * past 也可表示某个地方昔日的一个侧面◆the country still suffers as a result of its colonial past.该国昔日曾为殖民地，至今仍深受其害。pastadjective [only before noun](of a period of time) gone by recently; just ended（一段时间）刚过去的，刚结束的◆i haven't seen much of her in the past few weeks.近几周来我没怎么见到她。 opp next → next note 辨析 last or past?you can only use past to talk about a period of time that has just gone by, especially a long or approximate period of time. * past 仅指刚过去的一段时间，特别是较长或大概的一段时间◆these past months have been terribly stressful for everyone.最近几个月每个人的压力都特别大。 past is an adjective and must be used with the or a determiner such as this or these: it cannot be used on its own. * past 是形容词，前面必须加 the 或 this、these 等限定词，不能单独使用◆last week was very busy.上个星期特别忙。◆the past week has been very busy.上个星期特别忙。 past is not used to talk about particular dates or points in time, or about things. * past 不修饰具体的日期或时刻，也不修饰事物◆he got home late past night. ◆the critics hated her past book. past [usually before noun] gone by in time; belonging to an earlier time过去的；昔日的◆in past years the industry received large subsidies.在过去，这一行业得到很大的补贴。◆the book is a celebration of working class life in times past.这本书颂扬了过去工人阶级的生活。◆the time for discussion is past.讨论时间已过。◆from past experience i'd say he'd probably forgotten the time.根据过去的经验，我想他可能忘记时间了。◆the reunion is for past and present students of the college.这次重聚同乐会是为老校友和在校学生举办的。◆let's forget about who was more to blame－it's all past history.咱们别提谁更应该受责怪了吧，那都是陈年旧账了。opp present → recent , future → next ➡ see also the past → past note 辨析 old, former or past? old is used especially to talk about things from your own life. * old 尤用于形容自己人生中以前的事物◆my old school / teacher / colleagues我的母校／以前的老师／老同事you can use former in these cases but it sounds rather formal; past cannot be used.在这些场合也可以用 former，但会显得相当正式，past 则不能用◆my past school/teacher/friends/colleagues your old friends are friends that you have known for a long time; your former friends are people who are no longer your friends. old is not used to talk about times that have gone by, except in the phrase the old days. * old friends 指相识很久的老朋友； former friends 指以前的朋友，现在不是朋友了。old 不用于表示“过去的年代”，只有在短语 the old days 中才有这个含义◆an old age/era ◆in old times/years/centuries you can use either former or past in these cases: former sounds more formal; past sounds more personal or more literary. you can talk about your own past experience: these are things that have happened to you in the past, or what you have learnt from them; your previous experience is usually experience of a particular type of work.在这些场合可以用 former 或 past，former 显得较正式，past 显得更私人化或更有文学韵味。past experience 指以前经历过的事情或从中得到的经验，previous experience 通常指某一类工作的相关经历◆your old/former experience former can describe a country or organization that no longer exists or has changed. * former 可以形容不复存在的或已经改变的国家或组织◆the former yugoslav republic前南斯拉夫共和国◆the old/past yugoslav republic past¹/pɑ:st; us pæst ||; pæst/adj1. already gone; belonging to a time before the present 已经过去的；过去的；以前的: ◇in past centuries/times 过去的世纪╱时代◇i'd rather forget some of my past mistakes. 我宁愿忘记自己过去的一些错误。 2. (only before a noun 只用于名词前) just finished; last 刚结束的；刚过去的: ◇he's had to work very hard during the past year. 他在过去一年里不得不辛勤工作。 past²/pɑ:st; us pæst ||; pæst/prep adv1. (used when telling the time) after; later than （用于说明时间）晚于，过: ◇it's ten (minutes) past three. 现在是三点十分。◇it was past midnight when we got home. 我们到家的时候已过半夜。 2. from one side to the other of sb/sth; further than or on the other side of sb/sth 从旁边或前面…经过；到另一边: ◇he walked straight past me. 他从我面前径自走了过去。◇she looked right past me without realizing who i was. 她的目光就从我身上扫过，没有发觉我是谁。 3. above or further than a certain point, limit or age 超过（某一点、限度或年龄）: ◇unemployment is now past the 2 million mark. 现在失业人数已经突破200万大关。◇i'm so tired that i'm past caring (= i don't care any more) what we eat. 我累得没有心思理会我们要吃什么。 not put it past sb (to do sth) (used with would 与would连用) to think sb is capable of doing sth bad 认为某人很可能会做坏事: ◇i wouldn't put it past him to do a thing like that. 我认为他很可能干出那种事。 past it(informal 非正式) too old 年纪太大；已经不行了 past³/pɑ:st ||; pæst/noun1. the past [sing] the time that has gone by; the things that happened before now 过去；过去发生的事；往事: ◇in the recent/distant past 在不久以前；在很久以前◇the art of writing letters seems to be a thing of the past. 写信艺术似乎已经成为往事了。 2. [c] a person's life and career before now （一个人的）过去: ◇we know nothing about his past. 我们对他的过去一无所知。 3. the past [sing] =the past tensepast1 the past2 all the things that have happened in the past3 when something happened or was true in the past but not now4 to try to do things as they were done in the past5 on one occasion in the pastrelated wordsoppositefuture,see alsothen,time,before,remember,tradition,1. the past 以前，过去 the past /ðə ˈpɑːstǁ-ˈpæst/ [singular noun] the time that existed before the present time 以前，过去 my grandfather enjoys talking about the past. 我爷爷喜欢谈论过去。 there were several horse-drawn carriages, as a nostalgic reminder of the past. 那里有几辆马车，让人回想过去，激起怀旧之情。in the past during the time before now 以前，过去 i decided to ask anna, as she had always been very helpful in the past. 我决定去问安娜，因为她以前一直很乐意帮忙。 in the past, doctors seemed to have more time for their patients than they do today. 与现在相比，过去医生似乎有更多时间给病人诊治。the distant past a long time before the present 许久以前；远古 the programme describes events which took place in the distant past, towards the end of the last ice-age. 这个节目描述了远古时代—上次冰河时期末期—发生的事情。the recent past not a long time before the present 不久以前 it's hard to see events from the very recent past in their proper historical perspective. 刚过去的事情，很难以正确的历史观点评价。a thing of the past something that used to happen or exist, but does not any more 往事 for many people, a relaxing weekend has become a thing of the past. 对于很多人来说，周末放松一下已成了往事。past mistakes our goal was to learn from our past mistakes and to use the lessons on this project. 我们的目的是吸取过去的教训，把这项工作做好。 past /pɑːstǁpæst/ [adjective only before noun] past events, experiences etc happened before now 过去的 he's learned a lot from his past experience. 他从自己过去的经验中学到了许多。 judging by her past performance, i'd say rowena will do very well. 从她过去的表现来看，我认为罗伊娜会做得很好。 groups have put a lot into past projects, and have always seen an excellent result. 各小组在过去的计划中投入了许多，一直有出色的成果。the past 10 years/2weeks etc the 10 years, 2 weeks etc before now 过去10年/2周等 the past few months have been very difficult for mary. 对于玛丽来说，过去几个月过得不容易。 for the past two weeks, i've been doing my boss's job while she's away on business. 前两周，老板出差，我一直在帮她做事。 the enormous changes of the past 30 years 过去三十年天翻地覆的变化2. all the things that have happened in the past 过去发生过的所有事情 somebody's/something's past / somebodyˈs/somethingˈs ˈpɑːstǁ-ˈpæst/ [singular noun] all the things that have happened to someone in the past 某人/某物的过去 greg didn't like to talk about his past, 格雷格不喜欢谈论自己的过去。 the newspapers had been investigating the president's past, hoping to find some scandal. 报界在调查总统的过去，希望能找到一些丑闻。 the elegant buildings on the sea front give us a glimpse of brighton's more glorious past. 滨海区精美的建筑让我们看到了布赖顿辉煌的过去。 history /ˈhɪstəri/ [singular noun] all the things that have happened in the past, especially to a country, a town, or an organization ［尤指国家、城镇或组织等的］历史 the history of something/something's history india has been invaded several times in its history. 历史上印度曾几次遭到入侵。 a book about the history of the united nations 一本关于联合国历史的书 record /ˈrekɔːdǁ-ərd/ [singular noun] all the things that a person, organization, country etc has done in the past, especially when talking about how good or bad they are ［个人、组织、国家等的］纪录；履历；历史［尤指谈论其优劣程度时］ a good/bad/poor etc record as an employee, his record is outstanding. 作为一名员工，他有优秀的纪录。 the us had serious concerns over the country's poor human rights record. 美国对于该国不良的人权纪录极其关注。record of the department has a long record of high achievement. 该部门长久以来一直成绩卓著。record on the industry's record on conservation is not very impressive. 这一工业领域在自然资源保护方面的历史并不很令人称道。track record a record that shows how experienced or skilful a person or organization is 往绩纪录 hma has a great track record of managing hospitals. 医务管理协会有出色的医院管理纪录。3. when something happened or was true in the past but not now 某事过去发生或是真实的，但现在却不同了 used to /ˈjuːst tuː/ [modal verb] if someone or something used to do something, they did it for a period of time in the past, or they did it regularly in the past, but they do not do it now 过去常常 ‘do you smoke?’ ‘no, but i used to.’ “你抽烟吗？”“不，但以前常抽。”used to do something we used to live in glasgow when i was young. 我年轻的时候，我们住在格拉斯哥。there used to be thirty years ago, there used to be a market in the town. 三十年前，镇上有个市场。never used to it never used to rain as much as this. 从来没下过那么多雨。didn't use to do something spoken i was surprised to see her driving - she didn't use to. 看到她开车我很惊讶—她过去不开车的。used not to do something formal he used not to be so critical of other people's behaviour. 他以前对别人的所作所为没这么挑剔。 once/at one time /wʌns, ət ˌwʌn ˈtaɪm/ [adverb] during a period of time in the past but not now - use this when it is not important to say exactly when this period was 从前，曾经［用于确切时间并不重要时］ apparently he once worked for the fbi. 据说他曾为联邦调查局工作。 it is a big city now, but at one time the population was only 50,000. 现在这是个大城市了，但曾经它的人口只有五万。 a sports car once owned by paul mccartney 保罗·麦卡特尼曾经拥有的一辆跑车 (back) then/at that time /(bæk) ˈðen, ət ðæt ˌtaɪm/ [adverb] during a particular period of time in the past - use this when you are comparing that period with the present 当时［用于过去与现在比较］ i was a student in the 1950s, and things were very different then. 20世纪50年代我还是个学生，当时情况可大不一样。 at that time most married women stayed at home. 当时大部分已婚女性都待在家里。 in the past /ɪn ðə ˈpɑːstǁ-ˈpæst/ [adverb] use this to talk about a situation that existed before the present time but does not exist now 过去［用于谈论过去的情况，但现在已不存在了］ in the past, most children didn't go to school at all. 过去，小孩子大多根本不去学校。 women were not allowed to vote or own property in the past. 过去，女性不准投票或拥有财产。 in those days/in the old days /ɪn ˈðəʊz ˌdeɪz, ɪn ði ˈəʊld ˌdeɪz/ [adverb] use this to talk about a long time ago in your life, or in your parents’ or grandparents’ lives, when things were different 当年；那时［用于谈论很久以前的事或父辈、祖父辈的事，当时情形大不一样］ my great grandfather earned £5 a week, which was a lot of money in those days. 我的曾祖父当年一周挣五英镑，这在当时是很大一笔钱。 in the old days there was no bridge over the river, and we crossed it by boat. 当年这条河上没有桥，我们坐船过河。in the good old days at a time when you think that things were better than now 在过去的好日子里［指今不如昔］ in the good old days people showed more respect to the older generation. 在过去的好日子里，人们对长辈很尊敬。 in the olden days /ɪn ði ˈəʊldn ˌdeɪz/ [adverb] at a time before you were born, especially hundreds of years ago 从前，往昔［尤指几百年前］ the children all wanted to know what life was like in the olden days. 孩子们都想知道从前的生活是怎样的。 formerly /ˈfɔːʳməʳli/ [adverb] written in the past, before the present situation existed 【书面】以前，从前 the local school was formerly a hospital. 那所地方学校过去是家医院。 peru was formerly ruled by the spanish. 秘鲁过去受西班牙人统治。4. to try to do things as they were done in the past 试图像过去那样做事 go back /ˌgəʊ ˈbæk/ [intransitive phrasal verb] to return to an earlier time in your life, so that you can experience something again or change something that you did then - use this to say that you wish you could do this 回到过去［用于谈论自己希望能那样］ go back to i wish i could go back to my school days. 我希望能回到过去的学生时代。 wouldn't it be nice if we could go back to the days when life was slower than it is today. 过去生活节奏比现在慢，要是能回到当时有多好。you can't go back it's no use having regrets. you can't go back! 后悔没有用。你无法回到过去！ put/turn the clock back /ˌpʊt, ˌtɜːʳn ðə ˈklɒk ˌbækǁ-ˈklɑːk-/ [verb phrase] to live part of your life again, so that you could do something in a different way, or experience something again 时光倒转 if i could turn the clock back, i don't think i'd study law again. 要是我能让时光倒转，我想我不会去学法律。put/turn the clock back to it would be nice to put the clock back to the years when mum and dad were still alive. 要是时光倒转，爸爸、妈妈都在世多好。 live in the past /ˌlɪv ɪn ðə ˈpɑːstǁ-ˈpæst/ [verb phrase] to try to behave or live as you did at some time in the past, usually because you do not like your present situation or you are unhappy that things have changed 沉浸在过去［常因不喜欢目前的情况或对情况的改变不满意］ it's no good living in the past. you have to get on with your life. 沉浸在过去没有好处。你得继续生活下去。 as people get older, they often tend to live in the past. 随着年纪渐长，人们往往会沉浸在过去里。5. on one occasion in the past 一度 once /wʌns/ [adverb] she once called me a liar - i've never forgiven her. 有一次，她叫我骗子—我始终不曾原谅她。 once, when i was a little boy, i found a gold watch on the beach. 从前，我还是个小男孩的时候，在海滩上捡到一只金表。 one time /ˈwʌn ˌtaɪm/ [adverb] informal on one occasion in the past 【非正式】有一次 one time we went out fishing on the lake at night. 我们有一次晚上去湖边垂钓。 aileen came round to tea one time, and we did our homework together. 艾琳有次来喝茶，我们便一起做家庭作业。 one day/morning/afternoon /wʌn ˈdeɪ, ˈmɔːʳnɪŋ, ˌɑftəʳˈnuːnǁ-ˌæf-/ [adverb] on a day, morning, or afternoon in the past - use this when it is not important to say exactly which day it is 一天/一天早上/一天下午 then, one day he went away and never came back. 然后，有一天他离开后再也没回来。！ i was having my breakfast one morning when the telephone rang. 一天早上我正在吃早餐，电话铃响了。 one day, when we had nothing else to do, we went for a swim in the river. 一天，我们无所事事，便去河里游泳。 on one occasion /ɒn ˈwʌn əˌkeɪʒən/ [adverb] something that happened on one occasion happened once in the past, but is often typical of what usually happens 有一次 he drinks far too much. on one occasion i saw him drink a whole bottle of vodka. 他酒喝得太多了，有次我看到他喝了整整一瓶伏特加。 on one occasion i made the mistake of arriving at work late and my boss has never let me forget it. 有一次我错在上班迟到，老板让我永远也忘不了这件事。 at one stage /ət ˈwʌn ˌsteɪdʒ/ [adverb] if a particular situation existed at one stage during a period in the past, it existed, but only at that time 一度 it was a terrible winter. at one stage, we had to dig our way out of the house. 那年冬天真可怕，我们一度得自己在门前挖出一条道。 at one stage during the competition, it looked as though our team might win. 比赛时，我们队一度看上去会赢。 i went on a diet and at one stage i weighed only 71 kg. 我节食减肥，体重一度只有71公斤。 at one point /ət ˈwʌn ˌpɔɪnt/ [adverb] if something happened, especially something interesting or important, at one point during an activity or period of time in the past, it happened then 一次，一度［尤指有趣或重要的事发生］ at one point in the interview gorbachev admitted he had made serious mistakes. 采访时，戈尔巴乔夫一度承认自己犯了大错。 ‘you play the piano very well,’ i remember mrs saito remarking at one point. 我记得斋藤夫人有次说过：“你钢琴弹得很好。”☞ past¹☞ past²☞ past³☞ past⁴ |
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