| 单词 | flow |
| 释义 | flow nounadjective | verb + flow | flow + noun | preposition | phrases adjective➤heavy, large, massive大流量▸➤good相当大的流量▸➤adequate充足的流量➤poor很小的流量◆our shower doesn't work very well because of the poor water flow.由于水流很小，我们的淋浴器不太好使。➤main主流▸➤increased, increasing增大的／不断增加的流量➤decreased, reduced下降的／减少的流量▸➤ceaseless, constant, continuous, endless不间断的／持续的／不停的／源源不断的流动▸➤free, uninterrupted顺畅的／不受阻碍的流动◆the uninterrupted flow of traffic顺畅的车流➤even, smooth, steady均匀的／平滑的／平稳的流动◆to maintain an even flow of work through the department保持部门内工作流程的顺畅➤easy, natural自如的／自然的流动◆i liked the concerto for its natural flow.我喜欢这部协奏曲的自然流畅。➤outward外流◆the outward flow of investment from the country该国对外的投资➤annual, daily, seasonal年流量；日流量；季节流量▸➤data, information数据流；信息流➤air, gas, heat气流；煤气／汽油流量；热流▸➤blood, menstrual血流量；月经流量▸➤lava, river, water熔岩流；径流量；水流量➤traffic交通流▸➤capital, cash, financial, investment, production, trade, work资本流动；现金流动；资金流动；投资流向；生产流程；贸易流量；工作流程➤narrative叙述流verb + flow➤have有流动◆big pension funds have a constant flow of cash.大型退休基金有持续的现金流。➤get, obtain获得流动◆squeeze the tube slowly to obtain an even flow.慢慢挤压软管使内容物均匀流出。➤allow容许流动◆we like to allow a free flow of ideas in our company.我们希望大家在公司里能自由交流思想。➤create, generate, produce, provide制造／形成／产生／提供流动◆the system provides a continuous flow of information to the market.这个系统源源不断地给市场提供信息。➤keep, maintain保持流动◆he kept up a flow of chatter.他一直喋喋不休。➤ensure保证流动◆use a wide pipe to ensure an adequate flow of water.使用大口径水管以保证水流畅通。➤control, manage, regulate控制流动；管理流动；调节流量➤follow跟踪流动▸➤encourage, facilitate, stimulate鼓励／促进／激励流动◆to encourage the flow of revenue into the country鼓励收益流入国内➤enhance, improve, increase, restore加强流动；改善流动；增加流量；恢复流动◆the company is trying to enhance its cash flow.公司正努力加强现金流动。➤affect影响流动▸➤disrupt, impede, reduce, restrict, slow, slow down扰乱／阻碍／减少／限制／延缓／放慢流动◆the continual bombing disrupted the flow of supplies to the ground troops.此起彼伏的轰炸扰乱了对地面部队的物资供应。➤block, break, break up, cut, cut off, halt, interrupt, staunch, stem, stop阻塞／终止／中断／切断／止住／停住／阻断／止住／遏制／停止流动◆they tried to staunch the flow of blood.他们试图止血。➤direct指引流动方向▸➤divert使⋯改变流向◆the main flow of water has been diverted to a new course.主水流已被导向一个新的水道。➤join汇入⋯流➤measure测流量flow + noun➤rate流速◆the flow rate was measured at 9.5 gallons per second.测量出的流速是每秒 9.5 加仑。➤chart, diagram流程图preposition➤against the flow逆流◆they have to swim against the flow of the river.他们不得不逆着河的水流游泳。➤flow among⋯之间的流动◆information flow among all the different groups所有不同群体之间的信息流动➤flow from来自⋯的⋯流◆first cut off the water flow from the boiler.首先切断来自锅炉的水流。➤flow into进入⋯的⋯流◆she joined the flow of immigrants to the country.她加入到涌入该国的移民大潮中。➤flow of⋯流◆a constant flow of information源源不断的信息流➤flow through通过⋯的⋯流◆the flow of data through the system通过这个系统的数据流phrases➤the ebb and flow涨落起伏◆the ebb and flow of the tide潮涨潮落◆he was at the mercy of the ebb and flow of public opinion. (figurative) 他完全受舆论的摆布。➤in full flow滔滔不绝◆she tried to interrupt his speech, but he was already in full flow (= talking continuously).她试图打断他讲话，但他已是滔滔不绝了。➤the rate of flow流速◆the rate of flow of water through the pipe水流过管道的速率flow verbadverb | verb + flow | preposition | phrases adverb➤easily, effortlessly, freely, smoothly顺畅地／毫不费力地／自由地／畅通地流动◆we talked, and the conversation flowed freely.我们毫无拘束地交谈着。◆wine and beer flowed freely.人们畅饮着葡萄酒和啤酒。➤seamlessly自然流畅地流动◆the songs flow seamlessly into one another.这些歌曲自然流畅地从一首过渡到另一首。➤gently, gracefully轻柔地／优雅地流动▸➤fast, quickly, rapidly, swiftly快速／迅速／疾速／飞快流动◆the river flows very fast here.这儿水流湍急。➤slowly, steadily缓慢／平稳流动▸➤naturally, nicely, well自然地／自如地／顺畅地流动◆in a good production of the play, the action and the words flow naturally.在好的戏剧作品中，动作和台词都会很流畅地向前推进。➤directly径直地流◆some of these changes will flow directly from the legislation.这些变化中有一些将会直接来自于立法。➤constantly, continuously持续／不断流动▸➤away, back, in, out, past流走；流回；流进；流出；流经➤together一起流动verb + flow➤seem to似乎在流动▸➤begin to, start to开始流动▸➤continue to继续流动◆imported food aid continued to flow in.国外的救济食物源源不断地涌入。preposition➤across, along, between, down流过⋯；沿⋯流；在⋯之间流动；顺⋯流下◆a small stream that flowed down the hillside一条沿山坡而下的小溪➤from从⋯流出◆blood was still flowing from the wound.伤口还在流血。➤into流进⋯◆one day seemed to flow into the next.时光一天天地流过。➤out of, over, through流出⋯；流经⋯；流过⋯◆information flows continuously through the network.信息通过网络不断流动。➤to流向⋯◆to get blood flowing to the brain让血液不断流向大脑phrases➤ebb and flow涨落起伏◆the sea ebbed and flowed.大海时而涨潮时而退潮。◆the number of buyers has ebbed and flowed. (figurative) 购买者的人数时多时少。➤flow in a... direction朝⋯方向流动◆the best thing is when ideas flow in both directions.最好的是思想双向流动。➤flow in the breeze, flow in the wind在微风中／在风中飘动◆her long hair flowed in the wind as she ran.她跑的时候长发随风飘动。flow /fləʊ; name floʊ/ noun [countable, usually singular; uncountable] the continuous movement of sth from one person, place or thing to another; the thing that moves 流；流动；流通◆there has been a constant flow of investment into the region. 投资源源不断地流入这个地区。◆we need to improve the flow of information up, down and across our organization. 我们需要改善信息流，使信息在机构内畅通无阻。◆the strike has interrupted the flow of goods. 这次罢工已将货物流中断。◆the flow of work through the factory 工厂内的工作流程⨁ a constant / continuous / free / steady flow of sth某事物不断／持续／自由／稳定的流动 ⨁ to control / improve / increase / manage / speed (up) the flow控制／改善／提高／管理／加速流通 ⨁ to disrupt / prevent / reduce / reverse / stop the flow破坏／防止／减少／扭转／停止流通 audience flow ◇ capital flow ◇ cash flow flow /fləʊ; name floʊ/ verb [intransitive] 1. (usually used with an adverb or a preposition 通常与副词或介词连用) to move or pass continuously from one place or person to another, especially in large numbers or amounts 涌流；流动◆more than €60 billion flowed out of these funds last year. 去年从这些基金流出的资金有 600 多亿欧元。◆capital is flowing back into the country. 资本正重新流入这个国家。◆we try to keep information flowing between the different departments. 我们努力保持信息在不同部门之间的交流。⨁ to flow easily / freely / smoothly容易地／自由地／顺畅地流动 2.to be available easily and in large amounts 有得是；大量供应◆once demand improves, profits will start to flow. 一旦需求提高，利润将滚滚而来。 ●flow from sth (formal) to come or result from sth 来自；由…引起◆these changes flowed from the reorganization of the company. 这些变化是由公司重组引起的。●flow through to sthto reach sb/sth or have an effect on them/it 到达；影响◆it will take time for the drop in manufacturing costs to flow through to consumers. 生产成本的下降需要一定的时间才会影响到消费者。☞ flow☞ flow flow nounflow ♦︎ stream ♦︎ tide ♦︎ tricklethese are all words for the movement of people or things in one direction.这些词均表示流动、人流、车流。patterns and collocations 句型和搭配◆a flow / stream (of sb / sth) into / through sth◆a steady / constant flow / stream / trickle◆a continuous / endless flow / stream◆to halt / control the flow / tide◆to go / swim against the flow / tide■ flow [countable, usually singular, uncountable] a steady and continuous movement of people or things in one direction流；流动◆there was a continuous flow of refugees across the border.难民接连不断地穿过边境。◆we need further measures to increase traffic flow (= make it move faster).我们需要采取进一步的措施以提高交通流量。■ stream [countable] a long series or line of sth, especially people or vehicles, moving in a continuous flow（尤指）人流，车流◆i've had a steady stream of visitors.我不断有客人来。◆cars filed past in an endless stream.汽车川流不息，鱼贯而过。ⓘ a stream can also be a large amount of sth or number of things that arrive or happen one after another. * stream 亦可指一连串、接二连三的事情。 ➡ see also stream → flood noun 2 , stream → surge verbnote 辨析 flow or stream?the flow of people or vehicles is the fact of them moving; a stream of people or vehicles is a long series or line of them, coming one after another. in many cases you can use either word, but in some only flow can be used. * flow 指人或车在移动这个事实； stream 指一长队人或车接二连三地过来。在许多情况下这两个词可以通用，但有些情况下只能用 flow◆a continuous flow / stream of people连续不断的人流◆to increase traffic stream ■ tide [countable, usually singular] a large amount or number of sth that is increasing or moving in one direction and may be difficult to control（难以控制的）浪潮◆there is anxiety about the rising tide of crime.犯罪率日益增长，令人忧虑。◆measures have been taken to stem the tide (= stop it from getting worse) of pornography.已采取措施遏制淫秽品泛滥的势头。◆the 1830s saw a tide of emigrants leave europe for australia.19 世纪 30 年代，大批欧洲人移民澳大利亚。■ trickle [countable, usually singular] a small amount or number of sth coming or going slowly稀疏缓慢来往的东西◆as a result of the civil war, the steady trickle of immigration became a flood of refugees.内战致使原本稳定稀疏的移民人数变成大批难民涌入。flow verb ➡ see also the entry for trickle另见 trickle 条flow ♦︎ run ♦︎ pour ♦︎ stream ♦︎ circulate ♦︎ spew ♦︎ pump ♦︎ cascade ♦︎ spurt ♦︎ gushthese words can all be used when a liquid or gas moves from one place to another, especially in large quantities.这些词均表示液体或气体涌流、喷出、倾泻。patterns and collocations 句型和搭配◆to flow / pour / stream / spew / pump / cascade / spurt / gush out◆to flow / run / pour / stream / spew / pump / spurt / gush out of sth◆to flow / run / pour / stream / spew / pump / cascade / spurt / gush from sth◆to flow / run / pour / stream / cascade / spurt / gush into sth◆to flow / run / pour / stream / circulate / pump / cascade / spurt / gush through sth◆to flow / run / pour / stream / cascade / gush down (sth)◆to flow / circulate / pump (sth) around / round sth◆to be flowing / running / streaming / gushing with sth◆water flows / runs / pours / streams / circulates / cascades / spurts / gushes◆blood flows / runs / pours / streams / circulates / pumps / cascades / spurts / gushes◆tears flow / run / pour / stream / gush◆adrenalin flows / pours / pumps◆a waterfall pours / cascades / gushes◆light flows / pours / streams / cascades◆smoke pours / streams / spews◆to flow / run / circulate freely / slowly■ flow [intransitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition通常与副词或介词连用) (of liquid, gas or electricity) to move steadily and continuously in one direction（液体、气体或电）流，流动◆it's here that the river flows down into the ocean.这条河就在这里汇入海洋。◆this can prevent air from flowing freely to the lungs.这可以防止空气任意流入肺部。◆the current flowing in a circuit is measured by connecting an ammeter.连接上安培计可以测量电路里的电流。 ➡ see also flow → current noun ■ run (running, ran, run) [intransitive](of a liquid) to flow; to send out a liquid（液体）流淌，流动；流出（液体）◆the tears ran down her cheeks.泪水顺着她的脸颊淌下来。◆who left the tap running?谁没关水龙头？◆your nose is running.你流鼻涕了。◆the smoke makes my eyes run.烟熏得我直流眼泪。ⓘ if sth is running with sth, it is covered with liquid. * be running with sth 指被液体覆盖、流满◆his face was running with sweat.他汗流满面。■ pour [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition总是与副词或介词连用) (of liquid, smoke or light) to flow quickly in large amounts（液体、烟或光）涌流，倾泻，喷发◆blood was pouring from the wound.血从伤口里涌出来。◆thick black smoke was pouring out of the roof.黑色浓烟从屋顶滚滚冒出。◆the kitchen door opened and light poured into the hallway.厨房门开了，灯光一下子把门厅照亮了。■ stream [intransitive, transitive] (when there is no object an adverb or preposition is used不带宾语时与副词或介词连用) (of liquid, gas, smoke or light) to flow quickly and continuously; to make a liquid or gas do this（液体、气体、烟或光）流泻，流动，流出；使（液体等）流出◆sunlight streamed through the windows.阳光洒进窗内。◆her head was streaming with blood.她头上流着血。◆the exhaust streamed black smoke.排气管里冒出黑烟。■ circulate /sɜːkjəleɪt; name sɜːrkjəleɪt/ [intransitive, transitive](of a liquid or gas) to move continuously around a place or system; to make a liquid or gas do this（液体或气体）环流，循环；使（液体或气体）循环◆the condition prevents blood from circulating freely.这种病阻碍了血液的循环畅通。◆cooled air is circulated throughout the building.冷气在整座大楼循环。 ➡ see also circulation → current noun ■ spew /spjuː/ [intransitive, transitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition总是与副词或介词连用) (especially of smoke or flames) to flow out quickly in large amounts; to make smoke or flames do this（尤指烟或火焰）喷出，涌出；使（烟或火焰）喷出◆flames spewed from the aircraft's engine.飞机发动机喷出火焰。◆massive chimneys were spewing out smoke and flames.一座座高大的烟囱冒着烟和火焰。■ pump [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition总是与副词或介词连用) (of a liquid) to flow in a particular direction as if it is being forced by a pump（液体）涌出，涌流，奔流◆blood was pumping out of the wound on his shoulder.血从他肩头的伤口喷出。■ cascade /kæskeɪd/ [intransitive] (written) (of liquid) to flow downwards in large amounts（液体）倾泻而下，流注◆water cascaded down the mountainside.水从山坡倾泻而下。■ spurt [intransitive, transitive] (when there is no object an adverb or preposition is used不带宾语时与副词或介词连用) (of liquid, gas or flames) to burst or pour out suddenly in a fast stream; to produce a sudden fast stream of liquid, gas or flames（液体、气体或火焰）喷出，冒出；使（液体等）喷出◆blood was spurting from her nose.血从她的鼻子里汩汩流出来。◆the volcano spurted clouds of steam and ash high into the air.火山把团团热气和灰喷向高空。▸ spurt noun [countable] ◆a spurt of blood一股急速喷出的血■ gush /gʌʃ/ [intransitive, transitive] (when there is no object an adverb or preposition is used不带宾语时与副词或介词连用) (of a liquid) to flow out suddenly and quickly in large amounts; (of a container or vehicle) to suddenly let out large amounts of a liquid（液体）喷出，涌出；（容器或车辆）大量泄出（液体）◆water gushed out of the pipe.水从管子中涌出。◆the tanker was gushing oil.油箱在大量喷油。flow [uncountable, countable, usually singular] the steady and continuous movement of liquid, air or electricity in one direction液体流；气流；电流◆she tried to stop the flow of blood from the wound.她试图止住伤口流血。◆the whole operation depends on a steady flow of electricity.整个操作取决于稳定的电流。 ➡ see also flow → flow verb flow [countable, usually singular, uncountable] a steady and continuous movement of people or things in one direction流；流动◆there was a continuous flow of refugees across the border.难民接连不断地穿过边境。◆we need further measures to increase traffic flow (= make it move faster).我们需要采取进一步的措施以提高交通流量。flow [intransitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition通常与副词或介词连用) (of liquid, gas or electricity) to move steadily and continuously in one direction（液体、气体或电）流，流动◆it's here that the river flows down into the ocean.这条河就在这里汇入海洋。◆this can prevent air from flowing freely to the lungs.这可以防止空气任意流入肺部。◆the current flowing in a circuit is measured by connecting an ammeter.连接上安培计可以测量电路里的电流。 ➡ see also flow → current noun flow¹/fləʊ ||; flo/noun [sing] a flow (of sth/sb) 1. a steady, continuous movement of sth/sb 源源不绝的移动或流动: ◇press hard on the wound to stop the flow of blood. 用力按住伤口，不让血流出来。 2. a supply of sth 供应: ◇the flow of information between the school and the parents 学校和学生家长之间的信息交流 3. the way in which words, ideas, etc are joined together smoothly （话、思想等的）流畅，连贯: ◇once charlie's in full flow, it's hard to stop him talking. 查利讲得起劲的时候，你难以打断他的话。 the ebb and flow (of sth)→ebb²flow²/fləʊ ||; flo/verb[i] 1. to move in a smooth and continuous way (like water) 源源不绝地移动或流动（如水）: ◇this river flows south into the english channel. 这条河向南流入英吉利海峡。◇a fast-flowing stream 湍急的溪流◇traffic began to flow normally again after the accident. 事故发生以后，交通又恢复正常。 2. (used about words, ideas, actions, etc) to be joined together smoothly （指话、思想、行动等）顺畅，顺利进行: ◇as soon as we sat down at the table, the conversation began to flow. 我们在餐桌跟前一坐下来，就开始畅谈。 3. (used about hair and clothes) to hang down in a loose way （指头发、衣服）松散地垂下来: ◇a long flowing dress 宽松的长裙 flowwhen liquid moves or comes out of somethingrelated wordssee alsoliquid,water,pour,1. when liquid moves or comes out of something 液体移动或从某处出来 flow /fləʊ/ [intransitive verb] if a liquid flows, it moves in a steady, continuous stream from one place to another 流，流淌 the river flows more slowly here and it is safe to swim. 这一段河水流得较缓慢，游泳很安全。flow into/out of/over from here, factory waste flows straight into the sea. 工厂排放的污水从这儿直接流入大海。 tears flowed down her cheeks as she hugged her children. 她拥抱孩子们时泪水顺着她脸颊流下来。 oil flowed from the tanker into the sea. 石油从油轮流入海中。 come out /ˌkʌm ˈaʊt/ [intransitive phrasal verb] if liquid comes out of a pipe, container etc, it flows out fairly slowly and in fairly small quantities 慢慢流出 when i turned on the tap a brownish liquid came out. 我打开水龙头，一股褐色的液体慢慢流出来。come out of there's oil coming out of your engine. 你的引擎内有油流出来。 i can't get the ketchup to come out of the bottle. 我无法把番茄酱从瓶子里弄出来。 pour /pɔːʳ/ [intransitive verb] if a liquid or substance pours out of something, large amounts flow out of it 倒，灌，大量流出 pour out of/off/down etc sweat poured down his face. 他脸上汗流如注。 water was pouring out of the release gates on the dam. 水从水坝闸门里往外涌出。 rain poured through the open window, waking me again an hour later. 雨从开着的窗户灌进来，一小时后再次把我弄醒。 lava from the volcano is pouring down the mountain towards the town. 火山喷出的熔岩从山上淌下来朝着该镇流去。 run /rʌn/ [intransitive verb] if a liquid runs somewhere, it flows quickly and smoothly; if a tap is running, water is flowing out of it 流动；流出 who left the faucet running? 谁没关上水龙头让水在流?run along/down etc tears ran down her face. 泪水顺着她脸颊流淌下来。 a stream runs along the bottom of the field. 一条小溪沿着田地的最远处流过。 leak /liːk/ [intransitive verb] if a liquid leaks from a container or pipe, or if a container or pipe leaks, the liquid comes out through a small hole or crack because the container or pipe is damaged 漏出，渗出 i think the fuel tank is leaking. 我觉得油箱漏了。leak through/into/out of/from water was leaking from a pipe in the bathroom. 浴室内的一条水管漏水了。 yoghurt had leaked out of the pot all over my lunchbox. 酸奶从罐里漏出来，流得我的午餐盒内到处都是。 drip /drɪp/ [intransitive verb] if a liquid drips, it falls slowly and steadily, in drops 滴下 drip off/out/onto etc the blood was still dripping from the cut on his lip. 他嘴唇的伤口上还在滴血。 we stood under a tree, with rain dripping onto our heads. 我们站在树下，雨滴落到我们头上。 wax from the candle dripped on the tablecloth. 蜡烛上的蜡滴到桌布上。 ooze /uːz/ [intransitive verb] if a thick liquid, or a substance such as blood or mud, oozes out of something, it comes out of it slowly and steadily ［浓液体］慢慢渗出 ooze out of/from a mixture of mud and rainwater oozed out of the bottom of the bucket. 泥和雨水的混合物从水桶底下渗出来。 blood was oozing from the wound. 血从伤口慢慢渗出。 thick, sticky syrup oozes out of the tree trunk and is collected in buckets. 又厚又黏的汁液从树干上渗出，被收集在桶里。 gush /gʌʃ/ [intransitive/transitive verb] if a liquid gushes from something, or if something gushes it, it flows or pours out very quickly in large quantities ［液体］涌出，喷出 the knife wound was gushing blood. 刀伤处鲜血喷涌而出。gush out/from/down etc oil gushed from the hole in the ship's hull. 石油从船身的一个洞内喷出。 a pipe burst in one of the apartments above, and water gushed down. 楼上一个套间内有根管子裂了，水大量涌下来。 gush [singular noun] gush of a sudden gush of liquid spurted out of the plant. 这棵植物突然喷出一股液体。 trickle /ˈtrɪkəl/ [intransitive verb] if a liquid trickles somewhere, it flows slowly in drops or in a thin stream 点滴地流，涓涓地流 trickle down/into/out blood trickled down the side of her face. 她脸颊淌着血。 water trickled out of the pipe. 水从水管内滴出。 the fire spread when burning gasoline trickled from the car toward other vehicles. 这辆车上滴出的燃烧着的汽油流向别的汽车，火就蔓延开来了。 trickle [singular noun] the raging torrent had been reduced to no more than a trickle. 狂暴的急流减弱了，至多只剩涓涓细流。 squirt /skwɜːʳt/ [intransitive/transitive verb] if you squirt liquid or it squirts, it is forced out of a narrow hole in a thin fast stream 喷射，喷出 kids were squirting each other with water pistols. 小孩子们在用水枪互相喷水。squirt something on somebody/something he squirted some ketchup on his fries. 他在炸薯条上喷了些番茄酱。squirt from/into the batter is squirted into round molds, then baked. 面糊喷到圆形模具里，然后烘烤。 squirt [countable noun] squirt of add a couple of squirts of lemon juice to the mixture. 给混合物喷一点柠檬汁。 spurt /spɜːʳt/ [intransitive/transitive verb] if a liquid spurts or something spurts it, it comes out of something quickly and suddenly and with a lot of force 喷出，涌出 the knife hit an artery, and the wound spurted blood. 刀划到动脉，伤口喷出血来。spurt from/out of/into oil from the spill spurted into the crystal waters of prince william sound. 溢出的石油涌入威廉王子湾清澈的水域。 water spurted from the burst pipe. 爆裂的水管中水喷涌而出。 spurt [countable noun] the whale sent one final spurt into the air and disappeared. 鲸把最后一柱水喷向空中，然后消失了。 cascade /kæˈskeɪd/ [intransitive verb] to flow down something in large quantities 瀑布似地落下，大量倾泻 cascade from/into/down etc the walls of the cave are smooth, polished by the water cascading from above. 洞壁很光滑，是上面泻下来的水冲刷成的。 water from the broken water main cascaded into a subway station. 破裂的主水管中涌出的水倾泻进了地铁站。 cascade [countable noun] cascade of rainbows glanced off the cascade of the waterfall. 瀑布的急流上空映照着道道彩虹。☞ flow¹☞ flow² |
| 随便看 |
|
英汉双解词典收录171353条英汉汉英双解翻译词条，基本涵盖了全部常用单词的读音、翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。