| 单词 | by |
| 释义 | by/baɪ ||; baɪ/prep adv1. beside; very near 在旁边；在左右: ◇come and sit by me. 来坐在我身边。◇we stayed in a cottage by the sea. 我们下榻在海边一所小屋。◇the shops are close by. 商店就在附近。 2. past 经过；通过: ◇he walked straight by me without speaking. 他从我身边直走过去，话也不说。◇we stopped to let the ambulance get by. 我们停下来让救护车驶过。 3. not later than; before 不迟于；在特指的时间之前: ◇i'll be home by 7 o'clock. 7点前我会回到家里。◇he should have telephoned by now/by this time. 这个时候他该打了电话才是。 4. (usually without the 通常不与the连用) during a period of time; in a particular situation 期间；在…情况下: ◇by day we covered about thirty miles and by night we rested. 我们白天走三十英里左右的路，晚上便停下来休息。◇the electricity went off so we had to work by candlelight. 停电了，我们不得不在烛光下工作。 5. used after a passive verb for showing who or what did or caused sth （用于引进施动者）: ◇she was knocked down by a car. 她被汽车撞倒。◇the event was organized by local people. 这件盛事由当地人士举办。◇i was deeply shocked by the news. 那消息叫我十分震惊。◇who was the book written by?/who is the book by? 这本书是谁写的？ 6. through doing or using sth; by means of sth 以某种行动、手段或工具: ◇you can get hold of me by phoning this number. 拨这个电话号码可以找到我。◇will you be paying by cheque? 你用支票付款吗？◇the house is heated by electricity. 这房子靠电力供应暖气。◇‘how do you go to work?’ ‘by train, usually.’ “你怎么上班？”“通常搭火车。”◇by bus/car/plane/bicycle 坐公共汽车；坐汽车；坐飞机；骑自行车◇we went in by the back door. 我们是从后门进去。 7. as a result of sth; due to sth 由于: ◇i got on the wrong bus by mistake/accident. 我不小心上错了公共汽车。◇i met an old friend by chance. 我碰见了一个老朋友。 8. according to sth; with regard to sth 根据；依照: ◇it's 8 o'clock by my watch. 我的表现在是8点钟。◇by law you have to attend school from the age of five. 法定入学年龄是五岁。◇she's french by birth. 她是法裔。◇he's a doctor by profession. 他以行医为业。 9. used for multiplying or dividing （用于乘除运算）: ◇4 multiplied by 5 is 20. 4乘以5得20。◇6 divided by 2 is 3. 6除以2得3。 10. used for showing the measurements of an area （用于表示尺寸、面积）: ◇the table is six feet by three feet (= six feet long and three feet wide). 桌子长六英尺宽三英尺。 11. (often used with the 常与the连用) in the quantity or period mentioned 按所述的量计；按所述的时计: ◇you can rent a car by the day, the week or the month. 你可按日、按周或按月租车。◇copies of the book have sold by the million. 这书已经售出上百万册。◇they came in one by one. 他们鱼贯而入。◇day by day she was getting better. 她的病情日见好转。 12. to the amount mentioned 到所述的数量: ◇prices have gone up by 10 per cent. 价格涨了一成。◇i missed the bus by a few minutes. 我差几分钟没有赶上那班车。 13. (used with a part of the body or an article of clothing) holding （用于身体或衣服的某部份）拿着，抓住: ◇he grabbed me by the arm. 他一把拉住我的胳膊。 by and large→largeby the way→way¹by-/baɪ ||; baɪ/(also bye-) prefix (in nouns and verbs 用于构成名词及动词) 1. less important 次要: ◇a by-product 副产品 2. near 附近；近旁: ◇a bystander 旁观者 bysee ⇨ before 2 ⇨ next to 1 ⇨ pass/go past 1 ⇨ way 6 • • •• ⇨ be 10 metres by 5 metres/be 10 inches by 8 inches etc• ⇨ by air/by sea/by land• ⇨ by all means• ⇨ by car/bike etc• ⇨ by car/boat/plane/train• ⇨ by day/by night• ⇨ by means of• ⇨ by no means/not by any means• ⇨ by right• ⇨ by that time• ⇨ on your own/by yourself☞ by¹☞ by² |
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