| 单词 | work |
| 释义 | work noun¹ 1effort/product of effort努力；努力的成果adjective | ... of work | verb + work | work + verb | work + noun | preposition | phrases adjective➤hard艰苦的工作；难事◆it's hard work trying to get him to do a few things for himself.让他为自己做几件事是很难的。◆it doesn't require skill－it's a matter of sheer hard work.这工作不要求技巧，它纯粹是一件力气活儿。➤arduous, back-breaking, challenging, complicated, demanding, difficult, gruelling/grueling, intensive, labour-intensive/labor-intensive, tiring, tough艰巨的／极其繁重的／具有挑战性的／复杂的／要求高的／困难的／使人筋疲力尽的／紧张的／劳动密集型的／累人的／棘手的工作◆the show is the product of two years' intensive work.这场演出是紧张工作了两年的成果。➤tireless不知疲倦的工作◆through their tireless work, they proved his innocence.通过不懈的努力，他们证明了他是无辜的。➤rewarding有益的工作▸➤heavy繁重的工作◆they employ a couple of young men to do the heavy work.他们雇了几个年轻人做这项繁重的工作。➤donkey (bre, informal) 单调乏味的苦差事◆i did the donkey work (= hard work requiring little skill) but i hired a professional for the hard part.我自己做那些没什么技术含量的苦差事，但是雇了专业人员来完成棘手的部份。➤grunt (name, informal) 费力而乏味的苦差事◆he has done the grunt work (= the hard, boring part of a task), sifting through thousands of official records.他完成了筛选数千个官方记录的苦差事。➤light轻松的工作◆she's only allowed to do a little light work because of her bad arm.她胳臂有伤，所以只许她做一点儿轻松的工作。➤easy容易做的事▸➤close精细的活儿◆i need to wear glasses for close work.我干细致活儿时需要戴眼镜。➤physical体力活儿▸➤delicate细致的工作▸➤dangerous危险的工作▸➤dirty脏活儿；卑鄙的勾当◆engine maintenance is dirty work.维修发动机是个脏活儿。◆the drugs gang used children to do their dirty work for them. (figurative) 贩毒团伙利用儿童为他们做违法的事。➤monotonous, repetitive, tedious单调的工作；重复性工作；乏味的活儿▸➤fascinating, interesting有吸引力的／有趣的工作▸➤purposeful有意义的工作◆many unemployed people welcome the chance to do purposeful work, even if unpaid.许多失业人员即使没有报酬也乐意做有意义的工作。➤valuable有价值的工作◆the research institute needs funds in order to carry on its valuable work.研究所需要资金以便继续进行有价值的工作。➤professional专业工作▸➤men's, women's男人的／女人的活儿◆they think that caring for children is women's work.他们认为照料孩子是女人的事。➤intellectual, mental脑力劳动▸➤creative, imaginative创作；富于想像力的工作▸➤practical实际工作 (see also fieldwork, paperwork) ➤detective, investigative刑侦／调研性工作▸➤undercover秘密工作◆the scandal was revealed after months of undercover work by journalists.经过新闻记者数个月的暗中调查，丑闻被揭露出来。➤leg (usually legwork) 外出搜集情况的工作◆her job as a market researcher involves a lot of legwork (= walking around to collect information).作为市场调查员，她的工作需要经常外出搜集信息。➤class, course (usually coursework) , school (usually schoolwork) 课堂／课程／学校作业◆she was getting distracted from her schoolwork.她做作业时心不在焉。➤written书面作业◆his written work is the best in the class.他的书面作业是班上最好的。➤individual个人的工作▸➤group集体工作▸➤project项目工作▸➤collaborative, joint合作性的／联合的工作◆classroom activities involving collaborative work between children需要孩子们相互之间合作的课堂活动◆the report is the joint work of an economist and a sociologist.这份报告是一位经济学家和一位社会学家共同工作的成果。➤remedial, restoration补救性／修复工作◆the poorly designed bridge needs remedial work to make it safe.这座设计拙劣的桥需要做补救工作，以确保安全。➤background, preliminary, preparatory预备工作；准备工作▸➤follow-up后续工作➤extra额外的工作◆he's willing to do extra work to get the project finished on time.他愿意加班以按时完成项目。➤honest诚实的劳动◆he preferred to make his money from honest work rather than from gambling.他宁愿脚踏实地工作，而不愿靠赌博赚钱。➤excellent, good, nice (informal) , outstanding, sterling (especially bre) 出色的工作；干得好；干得不错◆nice work, james! i'm impressed.干得好，詹姆斯！很不错。◆in accepting the award, she mentioned the sterling work of her assistants.领奖时，她提到了助手们出色的工作。➤careful, meticulous, painstaking细心的活儿；需要下功夫的活儿▸➤poor, shoddy, sloppy干得糟糕的活儿；粗劣的活儿；马虎的工作▸➤charitable, humanitarian慈善事业；人道主义工作▸➤community, youth社区／青年工作➤missionary传教工作▸➤groundbreaking, innovative, pioneering创新性工作；开拓性工作◆he did pioneering work on microbes.他在微生物研究方面做出了开拓性的工作。➤empirical, experimental实证工作；实验工作➤theoretical理论工作▸➤academic, commercial, educational, environmental, scientific学术／商界／教育／环境／科学工作▸➤building, construction建筑工作；施工工程➤cosmetic, dental美容／牙科工作◆she's had a lot of dental work done.她的牙齿已经诊治过多次。➤your own自己干的活儿◆is this all your own work (= did you do it without help from others).这全是你自己干的吗？... of work➤bit, piece一点儿／一项工作◆it was an interesting piece of work.那是一件有意思的工作。verb + work➤carry out, do, put in开展工作；做工作；下功夫◆all the construction work was carried out in 2001.所有的施工工程都是 2001 年进行的。◆i had lots of work to do.当时我有很多事要做。◆she's put in a lot of work on the design.她在设计方面投入了大量的时间。➤get done, have done把工作完成◆i think i'd better try and get some work done.我想我最好还是设法完成一些工作。◆we're going to have some building work done on the house.我们打算把这所房子的某些部份搭建起来。➤create, make产生／带来工作◆all these visitors make a lot of work for me.所有这些客人的到访让我忙个不停。➤produce做出成品◆work produced on a computer tends to look more professional.在电脑上做出来的东西看起来专业些。➤get, have有事情做◆we get far too much work at this time of year.每年这个时候，我们有太多的事情要做。➤take on, undertake承担工作◆i've taken on more work than i have time to do.我承担的工作太多了，时间不够用。➤begin, commence, get down to, set about, set to, start开始工作；着手工作◆they began work on the project last year.他们去年开始做这一项目。◆stop talking and get down to work.别聊了，开始干活儿吧。◆we set to work on the outside of the house (= for example, painting it).我们开始对房子进行外部修整。➤go about着手工作◆she went cheerfully about her work.她兴高采烈地着手工作。➤carry on, continue, resume继续工作；恢复工作▸➤complete, finish完成工作▸➤halt, hold up, stop暂停／耽搁／停止工作◆work on the project was halted.这项工程暂停了。➤lose失去工作◆they lost the work to a competitor.他们输给了对手，未能争取到这项工作。➤undo补救工作◆the new president spent the first year undoing the work of his predecessor.新任总统在上任的第一年收拾前任总统留下的摊子。➤oversee, supervise监督工作◆the assistant manager supervises work on the factory floor.副经理在车间监督工作。➤check, inspect检查／视察工作➤admire, appreciate, value钦佩／感激／重视工作◆i really appreciate all your hard work.你这么努力，我真的很感激。➤support支持工作◆we give grants to support the work of voluntary organizations.我们拨款支持志愿者组织的工作。➤set sb to安排某人干活儿◆she set them to work painting the fence.她安排他们油漆栅栏。➤require需要做工作◆to carry out accurate market research requires a huge amount of work.进行精确的市场研究需要做大量的工作。➤hand in, submit提交完成的工作◆we're supposed to hand in this work tomorrow.按要求我们应该明天交这件活儿。work + verb➤come工作到来◆the work comes in bursts according to the time of year.每年在不同时节工作会一拨儿一拨儿接踵而至。➤wait工作留到◆that work can wait until tomorrow.那工作可以留到明天做。➤go工作进展◆how's the work going this morning?今天上午工作进展如何？➤involve sth工作涉及⋯◆what does the work involve?这项工作包括些什么？➤begin, start工作开始▸➤continue, go on工作继续▸➤come to a halt, grind to a halt工作停顿下来◆work came to a complete halt in the summer.工作在夏季完全停顿了下来。➤cost工作需要花费◆how much will the work cost?这项工作要花多少钱？work + noun➤ethic职业道德▸➤rate工作效率◆her boss told her she had to increase her work rate.老板告诉她要提高工作效率。➤habit工作习惯◆children can learn good work habits at school.孩子们在学校能够学到良好的学习习惯。➤programme/program, schedule工作方案／计划➤crew (name) 工作组◆the construction company has three work crews of five men each.这家建筑公司有 3 个工作组，每组 5 人。➤load (usually workload) 工作量◆the instructor's work load was becoming increasingly heavy.讲师的工作量越来越重。➤flow工作流程◆her job is to manage the company's work flow.她的工作就是管理公司的工作流程。➤surface工作台◆work surfaces should be left clear and clean.工作枱应该保持干净整洁。preposition➤at work在工作◆he's been hard at work all morning.他整个上午都在辛勤工作。➤work on在⋯上的工作◆i have to do some work on the car before it'll be ready.我得先修理一下汽车才能开。➤work with对⋯的工作◆she's done a lot of work with disadvantaged children.她为贫困儿童做了大量的工作。phrases➤a backlog of work积压的工作◆it will take a month to clear the backlog of work.要花一个月的时间才能清理完积压的工作。➤keep up the good work继续好好地干◆the hotel manager thanked the staff and told them to keep up the good work.饭店经理对员工表示感谢，并要求他们再接再厉。➤your life's work毕生的工作◆the art collection was his life's work.这批艺术品凝结着他毕生的心血。➤make light work of sth, make short work of sth (= to do sth quickly and easily) 不费力地／迅速地处理⋯◆mike made short work of fixing the engine.迈克很快修好了发动机。➤not a stroke of work (especially bre) 一点儿活儿也不（干）◆she never does a stroke of work.她什么工作都不干。➤pressure of work工作压力◆pressure of work forced him to cancel the cruise.工作的压力迫使他取消了乘船游览的计划。➤work in progress进展中的工作◆the showroom has been designed so that people can see work in progress.展示厅作了设计，使人们可以看到尚未完工的作品。work noun² 2job工作adjective | verb + work | work + verb | work + noun | preposition | phrases adjective➤paid, unpaid有偿／无偿工作◆she is now looking for paid work outside the home.她正在寻找家庭以外能赚钱的工作。➤lucrative, well-paid赚钱的／待遇优厚的工作▸➤badly paid待遇很低的工作▸➤full-time, part-time全职／兼职工作▸➤permanent永久性工作▸➤temporary临时工作▸➤regular, steady固定的／稳定的工作◆he hasn't been in regular work since he left school.他毕业以来一直没有固定的工作。➤casual零工；临时工作◆during the college vacations he does casual work in the local hospital.学院放假期间他在当地的医院里做临时工。➤freelance自由职业工作▸➤voluntary, volunteer志愿工作▸➤skilled技术性工作▸➤semi-skilled半技术性工作▸➤unskilled非技术性工作▸➤manual体力劳动▸➤indoor, outdoor室内／室外工作▸➤daily, day-to-day, everyday, routine日常工作◆people went about their daily work despite the war.尽管有战争，人们还是在进行日常的工作。◆ambulance crews alternate between emergency and routine work.救护车的工作小组交替做急救工作和常规工作。➤piece计件工作◆it's piece work, so how much you earn depends on how fast you can work.这是计件工作，所以挣多少取决于工作速度。➤administrative, clerical, office, secretarial行政／文书／办公室／秘书工作▸➤managerial管理工作▸➤domestic家务活▸➤social社会工作▸➤research研究工作▸➤agricultural, farm农业劳动；农活▸➤building建筑工作▸➤nice (informal, humorous) 好活儿；美差◆a hundred grand for two days a week? nice work if you can get it!每周工作两天挣 10 万美元？假如能得到的话，那真是美差！verb + work➤have得到工作◆he has some freelance work at the moment.目前他有一些自由职业工作。➤look for寻找工作◆he got laid off, so now he's looking for work again.他被裁了，所以现在又在找工作了。➤find, get找到／得到工作◆full-time work is hard to find.全职工作很难找到。➤go to去上班◆i go to work by bus.我乘公共汽车上班。➤go out to外出工作◆some mothers of young children choose not to go out to work.有些孩子尚小的母亲选择不外出工作。➤start开始工作▸➤finish, knock off (informal) 干完活儿；下班◆what time do you finish work?你几点下班？➤stop停止工作◆she stops work at the end of this month.她本月末结束工作。➤give up放弃工作◆just before he was sixty, he decided to give up work.几近花甲之年时，他决定不再工作了。➤go back to, return to恢复工作；再度上班◆she has just returned to work after the birth of her child.她生完小孩，刚刚回来上班。➤allocate, give分派工作➤outsource将工作外包▸➤coordinate协调工作◆sales reps meet up monthly to coordinate their work.销售代表每月碰头以协调工作。➤enjoy, love喜欢工作；热爱工作◆i'm lucky－i love my work.我很幸运 － 我热爱自己的工作。work + verb➤go工作进展◆work's going well at the moment.目前工作进展顺利。➤start工作开始◆what time does work start in the morning?上午几点钟开始工作？➤finish工作结束➤consist of sth, include sth, involve sth工作由⋯组成／包括⋯／涉及⋯◆her work consists of drawing up and coordinating schedules.她的工作是拟订和协调进度表。work + noun➤day, hours, week (especially name) 工作日；工作时间；工作周◆employees must not make personal calls during work hours.工作时间内员工不准打私人电话。➤force (usually workforce) 劳动人口▸➤place (usually workplace) 工作场所▸➤area, environment, room (usually workroom) 工作区；工作环境；工作间▸➤station (usually workstation) （计算机）工作站➤boots, clothes工作靴；工作服▸➤schedule工作日程表▸➤experience工作经验◆the opportunities will depend on your work experience.是否有机会取决于你是否有工作经验。◆he's doing a month's unpaid work experience with an engineering company. (bre) 他正为一家工程公司无偿工作一个月以获得工作经验。➤permit, visa工作许可证；工作签证▸➤incentive工作的动力◆high income tax can undermine work incentives.收入所得税偏高会削弱工作积极性。➤practice工作上的惯常做法◆an independent report has described some work practices in the industry as old-fashioned.一份独立报告称该行业的某些工作惯例过时了。➤stoppage停工preposition➤at work在工作；在办公场所◆'where's diane?' 'she's at work.'“黛安娜在哪里？”“她在上班。”◆we had a party at work.我们在办公室搞了一个聚会。➤in (your) work有工作；在工作中◆with so much unemployment, i'm lucky to be in work. (bre) 失业情况如此严重，我还有工作真是幸运。◆it's important to be happy in your work.对工作满意很重要。➤off work (especially bre) 没有上班◆she's been off work with a bad back since july.她自 7 月份以来因背部疼痛一直没有上班。➤out of work失业◆he's been out of work since the factory closed.自从工厂倒闭后，他就失业了。➤through work通过工作◆i met him through work.我在工作中结识了他。phrases➤a line of work行业◆'what line of work are you in?' 'computing.'“你干哪一行的？”“计算机。”➤a place of work工作地点work noun³ 3book/music/art书；音乐；艺术adjective | ... of work | verb + work | work + verb | preposition | phrases adjective➤classic, fine, great经典作品；佳作；伟大的作品▸➤definitive, seminal最权威的／有巨大影响的著作◆her book is still considered the definitive work on beetles.她的书仍然被认为是甲虫研究方面的权威性著作。➤best-known, well-known最有名的／著名的作品▸➤important, influential重要的／有影响的著作▸➤erudite, scholarly博大精深的／学术著作▸➤ambitious鸿篇巨著➤creative有创意的作品▸➤literary文学作品▸➤dramatic戏剧作品▸➤critical评论著作▸➤autobiographical, biographical自传性作品；传记著作▸➤artistic艺术作品➤photographic摄影作品➤sculptural雕刻作品▸➤art (usually artwork) 插图◆the artwork in the book is superb.书中的插图棒极了。➤untitled未命名的作品➤completed, finished已完成的作品◆the finished work will be on view in the city art gallery.这件已完成的作品将在市美术馆展览。➤unfinished未完成的作品➤collaborative合作作品➤solo个人作品➤commissioned委托的作品◆he does mainly commissioned portrait works.他主要是受人委托创作肖像作品。➤abstract, figurative, graphic抽象／具象／平面美术作品▸➤choral, orchestral合唱／管弦乐作品▸➤guitar, piano, etc.吉他曲、钢琴曲等▸➤collected, complete作品集；作品全集◆the collected works of stephen king斯蒂芬・金作品集➤early早期作品▸➤late, mature晚期／成熟期作品◆picasso's mature works毕加索的成熟作品➤latest, present, previous, recent最新的／当前的／以前的／最近的作品◆these paintings are more abstract than her previous work.这些画作比她以往的作品更抽象。➤copyrighted受版权保护的作品◆people are using file-sharing to steal copyrighted works.人们使用文件共享窃取受版权保护的作品。➤published已出版作品◆her portfolio includes published works in several magazines.她的作品集包含已经在数本杂志上发表过的作品。➤derivative衍生作品➤original原作... of work➤series一系列作品▸➤collection, exhibit, exhibition (especially bre) 作品集；作品展◆the gallery is staging a special exhibition of monet's early works.这家美术馆正在举行莫奈早期作品特展。verb + work➤compose, create, produce, write谱写作品；创作作品；撰写作品◆beethoven composed his greatest works in the latter part of his life.贝多芬在晚年创作了他最杰出的作品。➤choreograph, conduct, translate为作品编舞；为作品担任指挥；翻译作品▸➤commission委托创作作品▸➤perform, play演出／演奏作品▸➤hear, read, see听作品；阅读作品；观看作品◆her work can be seen in most of the major european galleries.在欧洲绝大多数重要的美术馆中都能看到她的作品。➤conduct, direct, edit, produce, publish, put on指挥／导演／编辑／监制／出版／上演作品◆over the next two years, the company is putting on the complete works of brecht.今后两年公司将上演布莱希特的全部戏剧。➤display, exhibit, feature, show, showcase展示作品；重点介绍作品；展出作品◆the town hall is exhibiting works by local artists.市政厅正在展出当地艺术家的作品。➤acclaim, admire, appreciate, praise赞美作品；欣赏作品；表扬作品➤critique, discuss, review评论作品；讨论作品；给作品写评论➤inform, inspire对作品有影响；赋予作品灵感◆a love of landscape informs all his work.他所有的作品都体现了对风景的热爱。work + verb➤be called sth, be entitled sth, be titled sth (especially name) 作品称为⋯；作品题为⋯◆a work entitled 'the sacrifice'名为《牺牲》的作品➤depict sth, describe sth, represent sth作品描写⋯；作品表现⋯◆the work represents a synthesis of the natural and the artificial.这部作品表现了自然与人工的结合。➤consist of sth作品由⋯组成◆a work consisting of twelve small blank canvases一部由 12 小块空白画布组成的作品➤appear, be on show, go on show作品展示；作品展览◆her work appears at the museum of contemporary art this summer.她的作品今年夏天在当代艺术博物馆展览。preposition➤in a/the work在作品中◆she's studying the theme of death in the works of beckett.她正在研究贝克特作品中关于死亡的主题。➤work by⋯的作品◆a work by an unknown 18th-century writer18 世纪一个不知名作者的作品phrases➤a work of art, a work of fiction, a work of literature艺术／小说／文学作品◆the building is hated by some and considered a work of art by others.一些人厌恶这座建筑，而其他人则认为它是一件艺术品。◆they discovered that his report was a complete work of fiction. (humorous) 他们发现他的报告完全是虚构的。➤a work of genius天才之作◆her latest novel is a work of genius.她最近的小说是一部天才之作。 ➡ note at art work noun⁴ 4 (also works, especially bre) building/repairing建筑／维修adjective | verb + works | works + verb | preposition adjective➤extensive, major大型／重点工程▸➤road (usually roadworks in bre and roadwork in name) 道路施工▸➤maintenance, repair, restoration维护／维修／修复工程verb + works➤carry out进行工程◆we are planning to carry out major works on the site.我们计划在工地上进行主要工程。➤plan计划工程▸➤announce宣布工程works + verb➤continue, go on工程继续◆the works will continue until the end of july.工程将持续到 7 月底。➤be completed, finish工程完工preposition➤at the work (bre) 在施工工地◆a contraflow is in operation at the works near junction 5.第五交叉路口附近的施工工地现在采取单侧双向行驶。work noun⁵ 5works (especially bre) factory工厂adjective | verb + works | works + verb | works + noun | preposition adjective➤brick, iron, steel (usually brickworks, etc.) 砖瓦厂；钢铁厂；炼钢厂➤railway (bre) 铁路工厂➤sewage, treatment污水处理厂；处理厂◆the smell is believed to have originated from the sewage works.气味据说来自污水处理厂。◆scotland's biggest water treatment works苏格兰最大的水处理厂verb + works➤open开办工厂▸➤close, close down, shut down关闭工厂works + verb➤open工厂开业▸➤close, close down工厂倒闭◆the steelworks closed in 1986.这家钢铁厂于 1986 年倒闭。works + noun➤manager, supervisor工厂经理／主管▸➤canteen (bre) 工厂餐厅preposition➤at the work在工厂◆the night shift at the works工厂的夜班work verb¹ 1do a job/task做事adverb | verb + work | preposition adverb➤hard努力工作◆he had been working hard all morning.他一上午都在努力工作。➤tirelessly不知疲倦地工作➤assiduously, busily, diligently, methodically勤勉地／忙碌地／勤奋地／有条不紊地工作➤feverishly, frantically拚命地工作▸➤steadily踏踏实实地工作➤slowly慢慢地工作➤quickly快速地工作▸➤around the clock, round the clock (especially bre) 夜以继日地工作◆emergency teams were working around the clock to make the homes secure.各应急分队为确保各家的安全而夜以继日地工作。➤full-time, part-time全职／兼职工作◆a lot of mothers choose to work part-time.许多母亲选择做兼职工作。➤illegally非法工作◆he was found to be working illegally and was deported.他因被发现非法工作而遭驱逐出境。➤effectively, efficiently, productively有效工作；高效工作；工作富有成效◆i work more efficiently on my own.我独自工作效率更高。➤actively积极地工作◆we are actively working to increase the number of women in science.我们在积极努力，争取让更多的女性投身科学领域。➤closely, collaboratively, cooperatively, together密切配合；协作；合作；共事◆people who have worked closely together over a period of time已经密切合作过一段时间的人们➤harmoniously和谐地工作◆we have proved that different groups can work harmoniously together.我们已经证明，不同群体能够和谐共事。➤alone, independently, individually独自一人／独立地／单个人工作➤directly直接地工作◆she works directly with customers.她的工作要直接接触顾客。➤primarily主要工作◆i work primarily with young children.我的工作对象主要是年幼的孩子。➤away不断工作◆we worked steadily away all morning.我们整个上午都在踏踏实实地工作。verb + work➤continue to继续工作▸➤choose to, prefer to选择／较喜欢⋯工作◆i prefer to work as part of a team.我更愿意在团队中工作。➤motivate sb to激励某人工作◆employees are motivated to work harder for a whole host of different reasons.激励员工更加努力工作的原因多种多样。➤enable sb to使某人能够工作◆i needed a job which would enable me to work at home.我需要一份能够在家里干的工作。➤refuse to拒绝工作preposition➤as以⋯为职业◆he's working as a teacher at the moment.他目前在当老师。➤at致力于◆i've spent three hours working at this problem.我为解决这个问题已经花了 3 个小时。➤for为⋯工作◆she works for an oil company.她在一家石油公司工作。➤on做⋯◆we are working on plans for a new swimming pool.我们正在进行新游泳池的规划工作。➤towards/toward朝着⋯奋斗◆they are all working towards / toward a common goal.他们都在为共同的目标而奋斗。➤with与⋯一起工作◆the people you work with与你一起做事的人➤within在⋯范围内工作◆an architect must work within the confines of the laws of physics.建筑师工作时必须遵循物理学定律。work verb² 2function; have a result/effect运转；起作用adverb | verb + work | phrases adverb➤correctly, effectively, efficiently, properly, satisfactorily, well运转正常；有效运转；高效运转；效果令人满意；进展顺利◆everything worked very smoothly.一切都进展非常顺利。➤flawlessly, perfectly, seamlessly, smoothly运转得完美无缺；运转顺畅➤beautifully, brilliantly, splendidly, wonderfully运转得非常好▸➤independently独立运转◆the fish's eyes can work independently of each other.鱼的两只眼睛在转动时可以彼此不同步。➤differently起不同的作用➤synergistically (especially name) 协同作用verb + work➤seem to似乎起作用phrases➤work like a charm, work like magic完全奏效◆her strategy worked like a charm.她的策略完全奏效了。➤work to sb's advantage, work to sb's disadvantage对⋯有利；对⋯不利◆you can make your youth work to your advantage.你可以打青春牌。work verb ●work outadverb➤beautifully, fine, great, perfectly, well结果很好；得以圆满解决▸➤badly结果不好；未得以圆满解决preposition➤as结果像⋯一样◆it all worked out as we planned.结果如我们计划的一样。➤between在⋯之间有结果◆i told her i didn't think things would work out between us.我告诉她，我觉得我们之间的事情得不到解决。➤for结果对⋯来说◆things worked out well for janet in the end.对珍妮特来说事情的结局不错。➤to总共达◆this all works out to around $11 000.这一切加起来共约 11,000 美元。work /wɜːk; name wɜːrk/ verb 1. [intransitive] to have a job 工作；有工作◆both my parents work. 我父母都有工作。◆do you work full-time or part-time? 你的工作是全职还是兼职？◆she works for an engineering company. 她在一家工程公司工作。◆he works as a programmer. 他是程序员。 2. [intransitive, transitive] to do sth that involves physical or mental effort, especially as part of your job 工作；做；干◆you've been working too hard. take a break. 你工作太辛苦了。休息一下吧。◆my boss works very long hours. 我的老板工作时间很长。◆what project are you working on? 你在做甚么项目？◆we need to work at improving customer service. 我们必须致力于改进客户服务。 3. [intransitive] to make efforts to achieve sth 努力实现◆we're working hard to find a solution to the problem. 我们在努力寻求解决这个问题的办法。 4. [transitive] to make yourself/sb work, especially very hard 使自己或某人工作（尤指努力工作）◆she works her staff hard and pays them well. 她让员工工作很辛苦但支付的薪水也颇高。 5. [transitive] to manage or operate sth in order to gain benefit from it 管理；经营◆some of the sales reps have to work a very large area. 有些销售代表不得不管理很大的区域。 6. [intransitive] to function; to operate 运转；运行◆my phone isn't working. 我的电话坏了。◆the new search engine works well. 这一新搜索引擎很好用。◆the article examines how companies work. 这篇文章探讨的是公司的营运方式。 7. [transitive] to make a machine, device, etc. operate 操作（机器、装置等）◆teaching customers how to work a vcr 教顾客如何操作录像机◆the machine is worked by wind power. 这台机器由风能推动。 8. [intransitive] to have the result or effect that you want 起作用；奏效◆our plan didn't work. 我们的计划没有奏效。◆the new informal meetings just aren't working. 新的非正式会议根本就没有效果。◆we think the new appraisal system works well. 我们认为新评估体系效果很好。 9. [intransitive] to have a particular effect 有特定影响◆the fact that he is so young could work against him. 他太年轻这个事实可能会给他带来不利影响。◆the strength of the local currency worked in our favour. 坚挺的当地货币对我们有利。 10. [intransitive, transitive] to move or pass to a particular place or state, usually gradually （通常指逐步地）移动到某地点，达到某状态◆she worked her way from sales assistant to senior manager. 她从售货员一直干到高级经理。 ●work it/things (informal) to arrange sth in a particular way, especially by being clever （通常技巧地以特定方式）安排事情◆i managed to work it so that i could have a day free for sightseeing. 我设法巧做安排，所以我有了一天空闲时间用于观光。●work to ruleto follow the rules of your job in a very strict way in order to cause delay, as a form of protest against your employer or your working conditions 按章怠工；变相罢工 ➡ work-to-rule ➡ idiom at advantage , ground noun, long ●work out1. to develop in a successful way 成功发展◆my first job didn't work out. 我的第一份工作没干好。●work out (at sth)if sth works out at sth, you calculate that it will be a particular amount 计算出◆that works out at almost $500. 那个算出来差不多是 500 元。◆it would work out cheaper to fly. 算一算坐飞机要便宜些。●work sth out1.to calculate an amount or the cost of sth 计算出（某物的金额或成本）◆we need to work out how much it will cost. 我们得计算出其成本。2.to find the answer to sth; to solve sth 解答；解决◆i finally worked out what the problem was. 我终于找到了问题症结。3.to plan or think of sth 计划；想到◆have you worked out the best way to do it? 你想出做这件事的最佳方法了吗？ syn figure sth out ●work to sthto follow a plan, timetable , etc. （按计划、时间表等）办事◆to work to a budget 按预算办事◆we're working to a very tight deadline (= we have little time in which to do the work). 我们的时间非常紧。●work towards sthto try to reach or achieve a goal 努力达到；设法实现◆we're working towards a profit of $2 million this year. 我们今年将努力实现 200 万元的利润。●work sth upto spend time developing sth 制作◆to work up a business plan 制订一份商业计划work /wɜːk; name wɜːrk/ noun1. [uncountable] the job that a person does 工作◆i'm looking for work. 我在找工作。◆i started work as soon as i left school. 我一离开学校就开始工作了。◆(bre) official figures show that the number of people in work (= who have a job) has risen by 65 000 this year. 官方数字显示今年在业人口增加了 6.5 万人。◆what line of work are you in (= what type of work do you do)? 你在哪个行业工作？ syn employment ➡ see note at job ⨁ full-time / part-time / permanent / regular / temporary work全职／兼职／固定／正式／临时工作 ⨁ paid / unpaid / voluntary work有薪／无偿／志愿工作 ⨁ badly paid / well-paid work收入很低的／收入很高的工作 ⨁ to find / get / look for / seek work找到工作；找工作 ⨁ to give up / go back to / return to / start work辞职；重返岗位；恢复／开始工作 2. [uncountable] (used without the 不与 the 连用) the place where you do your job 工作地点◆i go to work at 8 a.m. 我早上 8 点去上班。◆she had to leave work early today. 她今天必须提前下班。◆the new legislation concerns health and safety at work. 新法规涉及到工作场所的健康和安全问题。⨁ to go to / leave work去上班；下班⨁ (be) at / off work在上班；下班 3. [uncountable] the duties that you have and the activities that you do as part of your job 工作；工作职责；工作内容◆the accountant described his work to the sales staff. 会计向销售人员介绍了他的工作职责。◆do you enjoy your work? 你喜欢自己的工作吗？◆power-plant work is hard, dangerous and often boring. 发电厂的工作很辛苦、危险而且常常很乏味。◆who handles the day-to-day work of the department? 谁负责部门的日常工作？◆what time do you finish work today? 你今天几点下班？⨁ administrative / clerical / factory / office / secretarial work行政／文书／工厂／办公室／秘书工作 ⨁ to do / produce / take on / undertake work做／做出／承担／从事工作 ⨁ to begin / finish / start / stop work开始／完成工作；开工；收工 4. [uncountable] tasks that need to be done 活儿；任务◆i have some work for you to do. 我有些工作交给你做。◆pressure of work forced him to cancel his trip. 工作压力迫使他取消了这次旅行。◆we have a lot of work on at the moment. 我们目前有很多工作要做。⨁ to take on / do / have / undertake work承担／做／有／从事工作 5. [uncountable] materials needed or used for doing work, especially books, papers, etc. （尤指书、纸张等）工作所需的材料；活儿◆she often brings work home with her. 她经常把活儿带回家去做。6. [uncountable] activity that uses physical strength or mental power in order to do or make sth 劳动；工作◆she got her promotion through sheer hard work. 她的提升完全是通过辛勤工作得来的。◆we started work on the project two years ago. 我们两年前就开始干这个项目了。⨁ to carry out / put in work开展／投入工作 ⨁ to complete / halt / start / stop work完成／中断／开始／停止工作 7. [uncountable] a thing or things that are produced as a result of work 工作成果；成品◆she did her best work before she was 30. 她 30 岁以前就做出了最佳作品。◆his work is always faultless. 他的工作总是完美无缺。◆the analysis is an impressive piece of work. 这一分析令人印象深刻。⨁ bad / good / innovative / major / outstanding work差的／好的／创新的／重要的／出色的作品 8. [uncountable] the result of an action; what is done by sb 结果；所做的事◆the report was the work of the company's production manager. 这份报告是公司生产经理写的。works [plural] (often used with other nouns 常与其他名词连用) activities involving building or repairing sth 工程◆engineering works 工程◆roadworks 道路工程works [countable + singular or plural verb] (plural works) (often used with other nouns 常与其他名词连用) a place where things are made or industrial processes are carried out 工厂；工场◆an engineering works 机械制造厂◆waterworks 自来水厂 ➡ see note at factory ⨁ a cement / chemical / gas / steel works水泥／化工／天然气／钢铁厂 ⨁ to open / close (down) / shut down a works开厂；关闭工厂 ⨁ the works close (down) / open工厂关闭／开业 ⨁ the works canteen / foreman / manager / supervisor工厂餐厅／领班；厂长；工厂监督员 the works [plural] (informal) the moving parts of a machine, etc. 活动部件；机件 syn mechanism ●at work (on sth)busy doing sth 在工作◆everybody is hard at work on the new project. 每个人都在努力忙于新项目。●get (down) to/set to workto begin; to make a start 开始工作●in the workssomething that is in the works is being discussed, planned or prepared and will happen or exist soon 酝酿中 ➡ idiom at dirty , job noun, light ◇ assignment work ◇ contingent work ◇ make-work ◇ out of work ◇ welfare to work ☞ work☞ work☞ job/career/position/post/vocation/work☞ job/career/position/post/vocation/workwork noun 1➤hard work用功➤find work找工作➤do pioneering work in microbiology在微生物领域作探索性研究➤a work of fiction/art小说；艺术品work ♦︎ labour ♦︎ service ♦︎ toil ♦︎ drudgery ♦︎ slogthese are all words for the use of physical strength or mental power in order to do or make sth.这些词均表示工作、劳动。patterns and collocations 句型和搭配◆hard work / labour / toil / slog◆daily work / labour / toil / drudgery / slog◆manual / physical / honest / unremitting work / labour / toil◆hours / years / a lifetime of work / labour / service / toil / drudgery■ work [uncountable] the use of physical strength or mental power in order to do or make sth工作；劳动◆she earned her grades through sheer hard work.她的学习成绩完全靠刻苦用功得来的。◆we started work on the project in 2002.我们于 2002 年开始干这个项目。◆work continues on renovating the hotel.这家宾馆的修缮工作在继续。◆let's get to work (= start working).我们开始工作吧。◆she set them to work painting the fence.她让他们给栅栏刷油漆。■ labour (bre) (name labor) /leɪbə(r)/ [uncountable] work, especially physical work劳动；（尤指）体力劳动◆these women were generally accustomed to hard manual labour (= work using their hands).这些妇女对繁重的体力劳动一般都习以为常了。◆the price will include the labour and materials.这个价格包含劳务费和材料费。◆the company wants to keep down labour costs.这家公司想保持低劳动成本。■ service [uncountable] the work that sb does for an organization, especially when it continues for a long time or is admired very much（尤指长期、受到敬重的）工作，效劳，服务◆she has just celebrated 25 years' service with the company.她刚刚庆祝在公司任职 25 周年。◆the employees have good conditions of service.员工有良好的工作条件。■ toil [uncountable] (formal or literary) hard unpleasant work that makes you very tired苦工；劳累的工作◆his hands bore the scars of a life of hardship and toil.他手上的疤痕记录着他一生的艰辛和劳苦。■ drudgery /drʌdʒəri/ [uncountable] (disapproving) hard boring work, especially housework or office work繁重无聊的工作（尤指家务或办公室的工作）◆once married, she was condemned to a life of domestic drudgery.一旦结婚，她就注定过家务繁重的生活了。■ slog [countable, usually singular] (informal, disapproving) sth that is difficult or boring, or that requires a lot of hard work, such as a long, tiring walk艰苦（或乏味）的努力（如长距离、疲惫地行走）◆it was a long slog to the top of the mountain.到山顶的路漫长而又艰难。ⓘ especially in british english slog [uncountable] can also be a period of hard work or effort.尤其在英式英语中，slog 还可以指一段时间的艰苦工作或努力◆ (especially bre) writing the book took ten months of hard slog.这本书是用了十个月的时间辛苦写出来的。work noun 2➤hard work用功➤find work找工作➤do pioneering work in microbiology在微生物领域作探索性研究➤a work of fiction/art小说；艺术品 ➡ see also the entry for job另见 job 条work ♦︎ employment ♦︎ career ♦︎ profession ♦︎ occupation ♦︎ practice ♦︎ tradethese are all words for the work that sb does in return for payment, especially over a long period of time.这些词均表示工作、职业。patterns and collocations 句型和搭配◆sb's chosen work / employment / career / profession / occupation / trade◆(a) professional work / employment / career / occupation / practice◆(a) skilled / manual work / employment / occupation / trade◆(a) full-time / part-time / permanent work / employment / career / occupation◆(a) regular work / employment / occupation / trade◆(a) casual / seasonal work / employment / occupation◆(a) well-paid work / employment / profession / occupation◆(a) low-paid work / employment / occupation◆to have / pursue work / employment / a career / a profession / an occupation / a trade◆to take up work / employment / a career / a profession / an occupation / ...practice / a trade◆to go back / return to work / employment / a career / a profession / ...practice◆to look for / seek / find work / employment / a career / an occupation■ work [uncountable] the job that sb does, especially in order to earn money工作；职业◆he's been out of work for over a year.他已经失业一年多了。◆ (bre) it is a country where most women with young children are in paid work.在这个国家，大部份有了小孩儿的妇女都工作赚钱。◆she's planning to return to work in september.她打算 9 月份恢复上班。◆would you give up work if you won the lottery?如果你中了彩票，你会不上班了吗？◆any kind of work with kids would suit him fine.任何跟孩子打交道的工作都很适合他。◆'where's john?' 'he's still at work.'“约翰在哪儿？”“还在上班呢。”◆she's been off work (= not at work) for three weeks.她已经三周没上班了。◆he started work as a security guard.他开始工作时做保安。 ➡ see also work → office 1 ■ employment [uncountable] (rather formal) work, especially when it is done to earn money; the situation in which people have work工作；职业；受雇◆it's getting more and more difficult for young people to find regular employment.年轻人要找到固定工作越来越难。◆the government aims to have full employment (= a situation in which everyone who wants a job has one) within five years.政府的目标是在五年内达至充分就业。opp unemployment → unemployment ➡ see also employ → employ ■ career [countable] the job or series of jobs that sb has in a particular area of work, usually involving more responsibility as time passes生涯；职业◆i never wanted a military career.我从未想过要从军。◆kelly's career took off (= started to be successful) when she was spotted at a talent contest.凯莉在一次才艺比赛中被发现之后，事业便开始腾飞。◆his career spanned (= continued over) four decades.他的职业生涯长达四十载。◆by 2001, she was at the peak of her career (= at the most successful point in her career).到 2001 年，她到达了事业的巅峰。◆i didn't think it was a very good career move.我认为那不是职业发展上的明智之举。◆it's time for a career change.该换个职业了。■ profession [countable] a type of job that needs special training or skill, especially one that needs a high level of education（需要专门技能，尤指需要较高教育水平的）行业，职业◆alan's a teacher by profession.艾伦的职业是教师。◆he hopes to enter the medical profession.他希望进入医疗行业。◆i joined the profession when i was in my early twenties.我二十岁出头就入了这一行。◆she's at the top of her profession.她是她那个行业的佼佼者。ⓘ especially in british english, the professions [plural] are the traditional jobs that need a high level of education and training, such as being a doctor or lawyer.尤其在英式英语中，the professions 指需要较高教育水平和技能的医生或律师等传统职业◆employment in industry and the professions实业界与专业界的工作 the profession [singular + singular or plural verb] is all the people who work in a particular profession. * the profession 指某职业界。▸ professional adjective◆most of the people on the course were professional women.选修本课程的大部份人是职业女性。◆professional qualifications / skills专业资格／技能■ occupation /ɒkjupeɪʃn; name ɑːkjupeɪʃn/ [countable] (rather formal) a job or profession工作；职业◆please state your name, age, and occupation.请写明你的姓名、年龄和职业。◆why is nursing still seen as a female occupation?为什么护理工作仍被看作是一种女性从事的职业？■ practice [uncountable] the work or business of some professional people such as doctors and lawyers（医生或律师等的）工作，业务活动◆students should have prior experience of veterinary practice.学生应有作兽医的经验。◆my analyst is no longer in practice.我的分析师已经不再从业了。 ➡ see also practice → company ■ trade [countable] a job, especially one that involves working with your hands and requires special training and skills（尤指手工）职业，行当；手艺◆she's now a carpenter by trade.她现在以木工为业。◆my parents always wanted me to leave school early and learn a trade.我父母总想让我早些毕业学一门手艺。 ➡ see also trade → industry work noun 3➤hard work用功➤find work找工作➤do pioneering work in microbiology在微生物领域作探索性研究➤a work of fiction/art小说；艺术品work ♦︎ achievement ♦︎ triumph ♦︎ feat ♦︎ accomplishment ♦︎ coup ♦︎ resultsthese are all words for sth that is produced as a result of work.这些词均表示工作成果。patterns and collocations 句型和搭配◆a great / remarkable work / achievement / triumph / feat / accomplishment / coup◆a major / spectacular work / achievement / triumph / feat / coup◆a significant work / achievement / accomplishment / coup◆a / an impressive / notable work / achievement / feat / accomplishment◆a brilliant work / achievement / feat / coup◆a real achievement / triumph / feat / accomplishment / coup◆your own work / achievement / accomplishment◆a / an literary / artistic / scientific work / achievement / accomplishment◆to constitute / represent / see sth as an achievement / a triumph / a coup◆quite a / an achievement / feat / accomplishment / coup■ work [uncountable] a thing or things that are produced or achieved as a result of working工作成果；产品；作品◆she's an artist whose work i really admire.她这位艺术家的作品令我赞赏不已。◆is this all your own work (= did you do it without help from others)?这件作品是你独立完成的吗？◆the book is a detailed and thorough piece of work.本书是缜密翔实的力作。◆her written work is the best in the class.她的写作是班上最好的。◆he did pioneering work on microbes.他对微生物的研究是开拓性的。◆the art collection was his life's work.这些艺术品收藏是他一生的成就。◆the showroom has been designed so that people can see work in progress.展厅的设计使人们能看到工作过程。■ achievement [countable] (approving) an impressive thing that sb has done, especially using their own effort and skill（尤指通过自身努力或技能取得的）成就，成绩，功绩◆it was a remarkable achievement for such a young player.如此年轻的选手有这样的成绩真是了不起。◆they were proud of their children's achievements.他们为孩子们的成绩感到自豪。◆this is probably his greatest scientific achievement.这可能是他最伟大的科学成果。 ➡ see also achieve → achieve ■ triumph /traɪʌmf/ [countable] (approving) a great success, achievement or victory; an excellent example of how successful sth can be巨大成功；重大成就；伟大胜利；（成功的）典范◆it was a personal triumph over her old rival.这是她对老对手的个人胜利。◆her arrest was a triumph of international cooperation.成功捕获她是国际合作的典范。■ feat [countable] (approving) an action or a piece of work that needs skill, strength or courage技艺；武艺；英勇事迹；（需要技能、力量或勇气的）杰作◆the tunnel is a brilliant feat of engineering.这条隧道是工程方面的光辉杰作。◆dragging the fully laden boat across the sand dunes was no mean feat.将一条满载的船拖过沙丘可不是件容易事。■ accomplishment /əkʌmplɪʃmənt; name əkɑːmlɪʃmənt/ [countable] (rather formal, often approving) an impressive thing that is done or achieved after a lot of work成就；成绩◆the administration's success in cutting the budget was an impressive accomplishment.这届政府成功削减了预算，是个了不起的成就。◆the technical accomplishments of modern medicine现代医学技术成就 ➡ see also accomplish → achieve note 辨析 achievement or accomplishment? achievement is usually used to talk about a person's academic, professional, artistic or sporting success. accomplishment is often used to talk about a great success which has benefited others, especially in politics and in contexts in which important inventions are described. * achievement 通常指个人在学术、专业、艺术或体育竞技上的成就。accomplishment 常指让大众受益的伟大成就，尤指政治上的成绩，或用于描述重大发明。■ coup /kuː/ [countable, usually singular] (written, often approving) an impressive and surprising success令人惊叹的成功◆getting this contract has been quite a coup for us.争取到这份合同是我们的一大成就。◆he pulled off a major diplomatic coup by winning agreement from all the warring factions on a permanent ceasefire.说服交战各方同意签署永久停火协议是他在外交上取得的重大成就。ⓘ coup is often used with adjectives like spectacular, significant, remarkable and greatest. it is also used to describe successful information campaigns after nouns like publicity, intelligence and propaganda. * coup 常与 spectacular、significant、remarkable 和 greatest 等形容词连用，还用在 publicity、intelligence 和 propaganda 等名词后，指成功的宣传或情报活动。■ results [plural] success achieved by actions or efforts成果；成效◆the project is beginning to show results.这项工程开始显现出成效。◆he's a coach who knows how to get results from his players.他是位知道如何挖掘队员潜能的教练。work noun 4➤hard work用功➤find work找工作➤do pioneering work in microbiology在微生物领域作探索性研究➤a work of fiction/art小说；艺术品work ♦︎ writings ♦︎ piece ♦︎ masterpiece ♦︎ composition ♦︎ work of art ♦︎ oeuvrethese are all words for sth that has been created by an artist, writer or musician.这些词均表示艺术家、作家或音乐家的作品。patterns and collocations 句型和搭配◆a work / piece / masterpiece / composition / work of art by sb◆a / an great / original work / piece / masterpiece / composition / work of art◆a / an orchestral / choral work / piece / masterpiece / composition◆a / an classical / abstract work / piece / composition◆sb's collected / complete works / writings◆to perform a work / piece / composition■ work [countable] a book, painting or piece of music that has been created by sb著作；（绘画或音乐）作品◆the film is based on an early work by alan moore.这部影片取材于艾伦 • 穆尔的早期作品。◆works of fiction / literature小说；文学作品◆chopin's piano works肖邦的钢琴曲■ writings [plural] a group of pieces of writing, especially by a particular person or on a particular subject（尤指某人或某专题的）著作，文字作品◆his experiences in morocco influenced his later writings.他在摩洛哥的经历影响了他后来的写作。◆the writings of sun tzu孙子的著作 ➡ see also writing → literature , write → write 2 ■ piece [countable] a single item of music, writing, poetry or art（音乐、写作、诗歌或艺术作品的）一支，一篇，一首，一件◆the orchestra performed pieces by ravel and prokofiev.管弦乐队演奏了拉威尔和普罗科菲耶夫的几支曲子。ⓘ you can have a piece of music/writing/poetry/art, but piece on its own usually means a piece of music, except in formal language and where the context is clear.可以说 a piece of music/writing/poetry/art，但是 piece 单独使用时通常指一首音乐作品，除非用于正式文体或上下文语义非常清楚的情况◆auditioning students are required to play a solo piece of their choice.试演的学生必须演奏一支自选的独奏曲。◆ (formal) they have some beautiful pieces (= paintings, drawings, etc.) in their home.他们家里有一些精美的艺术品。 ➡ see also piece → article ➡ see also the entry for song另见 song 条■ masterpiece /mɑːstəpiːs; name mæstərpiːs/ [countable] a work of art, literature, film, etc. that is an excellent, or the best, example of the artist's work（艺术、文学或电影等的）代表作，杰作，名著◆the work has been described as a literary masterpiece.这部作品被称作文学巨著。◆this is an excellent production of verdi's masterpiece.这是威尔第代表作的出色演绎。◆her work is a masterpiece of simplicity (= an excellent example of sth simple).她的作品是朴实风格的典范。■ composition /kɒmpəzɪʃn; name kɑːmpəzɪʃn/ [countable] (formal) a piece of music, poetry or art（音乐、诗歌或艺术）作品◆one of stravinsky's finest compositions斯特拉文斯基的佳作之一 ➡ see also compose → write 2 note 辨析 work, piece or composition? work emphasizes that sth has been created with effort by sb, and can be used to talk about any type of art, literature or music. piece is often used to talk about shorter items of music. composition is also mostly used to talk about music, but may also be used to talk about poetry and art. * work 强调努力的成果，可以指任何种类的艺术、文学或音乐作品。piece 常指短小的音乐作品。composition 也多指音乐作品，但也可以指诗歌和艺术品。■ work of art -->(plural works of art) [countable] an object that has been created by an artist, especially a painting, drawing or statue艺术品（尤指油画、绘画或雕塑）◆a number of priceless works of art were stolen from the gallery.好几件珍贵的艺术品在美术馆被盗。■ oeuvre /ɜːvrə/ [singular] (from french, formal) all the works that have been created by a writer, artist or composer（作家、艺术家或作曲家的）全部作品◆she created an oeuvre that is both refreshing and overwhelming.她创作的艺术作品既清新宜人又不乏震撼力。work [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition总是与副词或介词连用) to have a particular effect on sb/sth, especially either a positive or negative effect产生（正面或负面）作用◆your age can work against you in this job.你的年龄会不利于你做这份工作。◆speaking italian should work in his favour.会说意大利语应该对他有好处。work [intransitive] to try hard to achieve sth, especially over a period of time and in a way that involves acting together with other people争取，力争（尤指和他人共同行动一段时间）◆she dedicated her life to working for peace.她为争取和平奉献了自己的一生。◆the police and public need to work together to combat crime.警民需要携手打击犯罪。work [transitive] to make sb/yourself work, especially hard使工作；（尤指）使卖力干活◆she works herself too hard.她工作得太拚命了。◆he says they're working him hard.他说他们逼他拚命干活。ⓘ in this meaning work is usually used with hard or too hard. * work 表达此义时通常与 hard 或 too hard 连用。work [transitive] to do the hard physical work that is needed to grow crops on an area of land（人工）耕种；干农活◆boys who didn't go to school worked the land with their fathers.不上学的男孩跟父亲一起种田。work [uncountable] (used without the 不与 the 连用) the place where you do your job工作地点；工作单位；工作场所◆i go to work at 8 o'clock.我 8 点钟去上班。◆the new legislation concerns health and safety at work.这项新法规涉及工作场所的健康与安全。◆her friends from work came to see her in the hospital.她工作单位的朋友来医院看望她。 ➡ see also work → work noun 2 work [transitive] (rather informal, spoken) to make a machine or device function, especially a piece of household equipment开动，操作（尤指家用设备）◆do you know how to work the coffee machine?你会使用咖啡机吗？ ➡ see also work → work verb 3 work [uncountable] the tasks and activities that are part of your job; tasks that need to be done职责；工作内容◆police work is mainly routine.警察的工作主要都是按部就班的。◆i have some work for you to do.我有些事要你做。◆stop talking and get on with your work.别说话了，继续干你们的活吧。work [uncountable] the use of physical strength or mental power in order to do or make sth工作；劳动◆she earned her grades through sheer hard work.她的学习成绩完全靠刻苦用功得来的。◆we started work on the project in 2002.我们于 2002 年开始干这个项目。◆work continues on renovating the hotel.这家宾馆的修缮工作在继续。◆let's get to work (= start working).我们开始工作吧。◆she set them to work painting the fence.她让他们给栅栏刷油漆。work [uncountable] the job that sb does, especially in order to earn money工作；职业◆he's been out of work for over a year.他已经失业一年多了。◆ (bre) it is a country where most women with young children are in paid work.在这个国家，大部份有了小孩儿的妇女都工作赚钱。◆she's planning to return to work in september.她打算 9 月份恢复上班。◆would you give up work if you won the lottery?如果你中了彩票，你会不上班了吗？◆any kind of work with kids would suit him fine.任何跟孩子打交道的工作都很适合他。◆'where's john?' 'he's still at work.'“约翰在哪儿？”“还在上班呢。”◆she's been off work (= not at work) for three weeks.她已经三周没上班了。◆he started work as a security guard.他开始工作时做保安。 ➡ see also work → office 1 work [uncountable] a thing or things that are produced or achieved as a result of working工作成果；产品；作品◆she's an artist whose work i really admire.她这位艺术家的作品令我赞赏不已。◆is this all your own work (= did you do it without help from others)?这件作品是你独立完成的吗？◆the book is a detailed and thorough piece of work.本书是缜密翔实的力作。◆her written work is the best in the class.她的写作是班上最好的。◆he did pioneering work on microbes.他对微生物的研究是开拓性的。◆the art collection was his life's work.这些艺术品收藏是他一生的成就。◆the showroom has been designed so that people can see work in progress.展厅的设计使人们能看到工作过程。work [countable] a book, painting or piece of music that has been created by sb著作；（绘画或音乐）作品◆the film is based on an early work by alan moore.这部影片取材于艾伦 • 穆尔的早期作品。◆works of fiction / literature小说；文学作品◆chopin's piano works肖邦的钢琴曲work [intransitive, transitive] to do sth that involves physical or mental effort, especially as part of a job做体力（或脑力）工作；劳动◆i can't work if i'm cold.我要是觉得冷就干不了活。◆he is working on a new novel.他正在写一部新小说。◆she's outside, working on the car.她在外面修车呢。◆doctors often work very long hours.医生经常长时间工作。work [intransitive] to do work for which you receive regular payment工作；就业；上班◆both my parents work.我父母都工作。◆she works for an engineering company.她在一家工程公司工作。◆i've always worked in education.我一直从事教育工作。◆do you enjoy working with children?你喜欢做儿童工作吗？work [intransitive](of a machine or device) to perform in the correct way（机器或装置）运转良好，正常工作◆the phone isn't working.这部电话坏了。◆it works by electricity.这是电动的。◆are they any closer to understanding how the brain works?他们对大脑功能的了解有进展吗？ ➡ see also work → operate work¹/wɜ:k ||; wɝk/verb1. [i,t] work (as sth) (for sb);work (at/on sth);work (to do sth) to do sth which needs physical or mental effort, in order to earn money or to achieve sth 从事（体力或脑力）劳动，工作（尤指为了挣钱）: ◇she's working for a large firm in glasgow. 她在格拉斯哥一家大公司工作。◇i'd like to work as a newspaper reporter. 我想当报社新闻记者。◇doctors often work extremely long hours. 医生经常要工作很长时间。◇my teacher said that i wouldn't pass the exam unless i worked harder. 老师说我必须更加用功才能考试及格。◇i hear she's working on a new novel. 我听说她在写一部新小说。◇i'm going to stay in tonight and work at my project. 我今晚待在家里，做我的研究习作。 2. [t] to make yourself/sb work, especially very hard 使工作（尤指艰苦地）: ◇the coach works the players very hard in training. 教练让选手们训练得很辛苦。 3. [i,t] (used about a machine, etc) to function; to make sth function; to operate （使机器等）运转，操作: ◇our telephone hasn't been working for several days. 我们的电话已坏了好几天。◇we still don't really understand how the brain works. 我们仍然不太知道大脑是怎么运作的。◇can you show me how to work the photocopier? 你可以示范一下复印机怎样操作吗？ 4. [i] to have the result or effect that you want; to be successful 有效用；行得通: ◇your idea sounds good but i don't think it will really work. 你的主意听起来不错，但我觉得实际上行不通。◇the heat today could work in favour of the african runners. 今天天气炎热，可能对非洲的赛跑选手有利。 5. [i,t] to move gradually to a new position or state 逐渐移至新位置；逐渐进入新状态: ◇engineers check the plane daily, because nuts and screws can work loose. 工程师每天都检查这架飞机，因为螺帽和螺丝钉可能渐渐松动。◇i watched the snail work its way up the wall. 我看着那只蜗牛慢慢爬上墙。 6. [i,t] to use materials to make a model, a picture, etc 用材料做模型、作画等: ◇he worked the clay into the shape of a horse. 他把黏土捏成马的形状。◇she usually works in/with oils or acrylics. 她通常作油画或丙烯画。 work/perform miracles→miraclework/sweat your guts out→gut¹work to rule→rule¹ work out 1. to develop or progress, especially in a good way 进展，发展（尤指良性地）: ◇i hope things work out for you. 我希望你一切顺利。 2. to do physical exercises in order to keep your body fit 锻炼体魄: ◇we work out to music at my exercise class. 我们在体育课上跟着音乐节拍做运动。 ☞picture at sport 见sport插图 work out (at) to come to a particular result or total after everything has been calculated 结果是；总计为: ◇if we divide the work between us it'll work out at about four hours each. 这工作如果我们分着做，每人大约要花四个小时。 work sb out to understand sb 了解（某人）: ◇i've never been able to work her out. 我从来没能够弄清楚她是个什么样的人。 work sth out 1. to find the answer to sth; to solve sth 找出答案；解决: ◇i can't work out how to do this. 我找不到做这件事的办法。 2. to calculate sth 计算: ◇i worked out the total cost. 我计算出总成本了。 3. to plan sth 计划: ◇have you worked out the route through france? 你定出游览法国的路线了吗？ work up to sth to develop or progress to sth 发展到；进展成: ◇start with 15 minutes' exercise and gradually work up to 30. 这体操开始时做15分钟，然后逐渐增加至30分钟。 work sth up to develop or improve sth with effort （通过努力）增强，提高: ◇i'm trying to work up the energy to go out. 我正想要提起劲出去。 work sb/yourself up (into sth) to make sb/yourself become angry, excited, upset, etc 使生气╱兴奋╱不安…起来: ◇he had worked himself up into a state of anxiety about his interview. 对于要接受面试，他把自己弄得焦虑不安。 work²/wɜ:k ||; wɝk/noun1. [u] the job that you do, especially in order to earn money; the place where you do your job 工作（尤指为了挣钱）；工作地点: ◇it is very difficult to find work in this city. 在这个城市很难找到工作。◇he's been out of work (= without a job)for six months. 他已经失业六个月。◇when do you start work ? 你什么时候开始上班？◇i'll ask if i can leave work early today. 我去问问今天我可不可以提前下班。◇i go to work at 8 o'clock. 我八点钟上班。◇the people at work gave me some flowers for my birthday. 同事们送我一些花为我庆祝生日。◇police work is not as exciting as it looks on tv. 警察工作不像电视上看起来那么剌激。 work is an uncountable noun. in some contexts we must use job i've found work at the hospital. i've got a new job at the hospital. employment is the state of having a paid job and is more formal and official than work or job many married women are in part-time employment. occupation is the word used on forms to ask what you are or what job you do occupation: student. occupation: bus driver.a profession is a job that needs special training and higher education the medical profession. a trade is a job that you do with your hands and that needs special skill he's a carpenter by trade. work是不可数名词。在某些情况下须用job：i've found work at the hospital.我在医院找到事做。·i've got a new job at the hospital.我在医院找到新工作。 employment指受雇，比work或job正式：many married women are in part-time employment.许多已婚女性都做半职工作。occupation用于表格，表示职业：occupation: student.职业：学生。occupation: bus driver.职业：公共汽车司机。profession指需要特别训练和高等教育的工作：the medical profession医疗专业。trade指手艺，需要特别技术：he's a carpenter by trade.他是个木匠。 2. [u] something that requires physical or mental effort that you do in order to achieve sth 工作；劳动: ◇her success is due to sheer hard work. 她的成功全靠努力工作。◇i've got a lot of work to do today. 我今天有好多事情要做。◇we hope to start work on the project next week. 我们希望下周着手进行这项计划。 3. [u] something that you are working on or have produced 正在做的工作；工作的成果；做好的作业: ◇a piece of written work 一篇著作◇the teacher marked their work. 老师批改他们的作业。◇is this all your own work? 这全是你自己做的吗？ 4. [c] a book, painting, piece of music, etc 作品；创作: ◇an early work by picasso 毕加索的早期作品◇the complete works of shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 5. works [pl] the act of building or repairing sth 建筑工程；维修工程: ◇the roadworks are causing long traffic jams. 道路工程造成长时间交通阻塞。 6. works [c] [with.sop] (often in compounds 常用于构成复合词) a factory 工厂: ◇the steelworks is/are closing down. 钢铁厂要关门了。 7. [u] (technical术语) the use of force to produce movement 作功；作用 get/go/set to work (on sth) to begin; to make a start (on sth) 开始（做某事）workwork that somebody does1 work that someone does as part of their job2 work that a student does3 work that you have to do in your home4 a piece of work done by an artist, musician etc5 the effort involved in working6 unpleasant or boring workto work/do work7 to do a job that you get paid for8 to do work that is not part of your job9 to be at the place where you worksomething you have to do10 a piece of work that you have to do11 an important piece of work12 to give someone work to dorelated wordssee alsojob,earn,work for sb,work hard,business,company,1. work that someone does as part of their job 某人工作的一部分 work /wɜːʳk/ [uncountable noun] the things that you have to do in your job, which need time and effort 工作，差事 what kind of work are you looking for? 你在找什么样的工作? he liked the work, and he was good at it too. 他喜欢这工作，并且做得也很好。do some/more etc work scott's doing some work for me at the moment, as it happens. 斯科特这会儿正好在为我做点事。 i didn't get much work done today. 我今天没做多少工作。 being in the police isn't all action. administration is a large part of the work we do. 警察的工作并不全是执行任务，我们还要处理大量的行政事务。personnel/secretarial/bar etc work have you ever done bar work before? 你以前有没有做过律师工作？ he's doing construction work these days. 如今他在干建筑工作。 it's clerical work mainly -- pretty boring. 主要是文书工作—很无聊。voluntary/charity work work that you do not get paid for 志愿/慈善工作 she does two afternoons voluntary work at the playgroup. 她在幼儿游戏班做两个下午的义工。 are you still involved in charity work? 你还在做慈善工作吗？extra/more/additional work the last thing i want is extra work. 我最不愿加班。 business /ˈbɪznɪs, ˈbɪznəs/ [uncountable noun] work that you do in your job, especially work that involves buying and selling, travelling to different places, or discussing things such as contracts with people 买卖，商务，生意 i was in london last month because i had some business there. 上个月我在伦敦，因为在那里我有些生意。 gerald left, saying he had some important business to attend to. 杰拉尔德走了，他说有些重要的生意要处理。 some insurance companies offer lower rates for drivers who do not use their cars for business. 对于不作商务用途的汽车，有些保险公司给车主提供较低的保费。 ‘is this trip for business or pleasure?’ ‘business, i'm afraid.’ “这次出门是出差还是游玩？”“恐怕是出差。”do business the paper claims to provide proof that some drug lords are doing business from their jail cells. 这份报纸称他们可以提供一些大毒枭在监狱牢房里遥控生意的证据。business trip/meeting/traveller etc ‘where's michael?’ ‘he's at a business meeting.’ “迈克尔在哪里？”“他在开工作会议。” this is strictly a business trip. 这确确实实是出差。 our main market is the business traveler looking for cheap overnight accommodation. 我们的主要市场是寻求廉价食宿的商务旅客。on business for business, not pleasure 出差 i have to go to tokyo next month on business. 下个月我要去东京出差。 duties /ˈdjuːtizǁˈduː-/ [plural noun] the various things that you have to do as part of your job - used especially in contracts or other official documents 职责［尤用于合同或其他正式书面文件］ somebody's duties in addition to secretarial and general office work, your duties will include providing the directors with refreshments. 除了秘书工作和一般的办公室工作外，你的职责还将包括向董事们提供点心。 as soon as she returned home from her honeymoon, she resumed her medical duties at the clinic. 她度完蜜月一回家就又回到诊所继续医疗工作了。go about/perform/fulfil duties a teacher can be dismissed for not performing his or her contractual duties. 教师未履行合同规定的职责可被解雇。 she is a member of staff, and like all of us, she has duties to fulfil. 她也是一名员工，和我们一样，她也要履行职责。 i admired him, especially because of the way he went about his duties efficiently. 我佩服他，尤其是因为他工作效率高。suspend somebody/relieve somebody from duties to stop them doing their job for a period of time 让某人暂时停职 three instructors have been suspended from duties while sexual harassment charges are investigated. 性骚扰指控调查期间，三名讲师被暂时停职。 nine officers were relieved of their duties after mcduffie's death. 九名官员因为麦克达菲之死被暂时停职。2. work that a student does 学生的课业 homework /ˈhəʊmwɜːʳk/ [uncountable noun] the work that a student has to do at home as part of their studies 家庭作业，功课 my brother always used to help me with my homework. 我哥哥过去常常帮助我做作业。do (your) homework i'm sorry gail, but amber has to stay home and do her homework. 对不起，盖尔，安伯得待在家里做作业。 oh, i've got so much homework to do! 噢，我有那么多作业要做！ did you get your homework done jason? 贾森，你的作业都做完了吗？have homework i don't have any homework tonight. 今天晚上我没有家庭作业。 have you got a lot of homework then? 那么你有很多作业要做吗？for homework for homework, i'd like you to finish exercises 2 and 3 on page 24. 至于家庭作业，我想要你们做完第24页上的练习2和练习3。english/geography etc homework dave, have you done your french homework? 戴夫，你做完法语作业了吗？ classwork /ˈklɑːswɜːʳkǁˈklæs-/ [uncountable noun] the work that a student does when they are at school, rather than work they do at home 课堂作业 mrs hoffmann, i'm calling about mike's classwork. there are some problems. 霍夫曼太太，我打电话来想谈谈迈克的课堂作业，有点问题。 the units are ideal for classwork, but can also be used by students at home. 这些单元是理想的课堂作业，但学生也可以在家里做。 schoolwork /ˈskuːlwɜːʳk/ [uncountable noun] all the work that a student has to do for their studies 功课，课业，学业 johnny's had a lot of problems at home recently and it's starting to affect his schoolwork. 约翰尼最近家里出了很多事，开始影响他的学业了。 the program combines schoolwork with job experience. 这个计划将课业和工作实践结合在一起。 tim, a third-grader, had difficulty with his schoolwork, and also found it hard to make friends. 蒂姆是一名三年级学生，学习上有困难，而且交朋友也有问题。 coursework /ˈkɔːʳswɜːʳk/ [uncountable noun] british the work that a student has to do for the course that they are studying, especially when this is compared with work done in examinations 【英】课程作业［尤用于跟考试相比］ half of the marks are for the exam, the rest are for coursework. 一半分数是考试，其余的是课程作业。 none of the coursework seemed to have much relevance to being a nurse in a busy hospital. 课程作业好像跟在一家忙碌的医院里做护士没有很大关系。 i'm just so behind on the coursework. 我还有很多课程作业没做。 studies /ˈstʌdiz/ [plural noun] formal the work that a student does at a school or university 【正式】学业，学习 somebody's studies after the war, he resumed his studies at the university of turin. 战争结束后，他恢复了在都灵大学的学业。 her parents insisted that she give up the vacation job, as they felt it was interfering with her studies. 她父母坚持要她放弃假期的工作，因为他们觉得这妨碍了她的学业。finish/complete your studies after completing her studies at the university, she worked as a nurse for six years. 完成大学学业后，她做了六年的护士。3. work that you have to do in your home 家里必须要做的事 housework /ˈhaʊswɜːʳk/ [uncountable noun] work that needs to be done in your home, for example, cleaning, washing clothes, or keeping rooms tidy 家务［劳动］ none of her kids ever help with the housework. 她的小孩从来没有一个帮忙做家务。 i've got to catch up on the housework this weekend. 这个周末我得赶紧做家务。do housework well, i did all my housework this morning, though you wouldn't think it to look at the place now. 嗯，今天早上我把家务都做过了，不过你现在去看的话你不会这样认为。 work /wɜːʳk/ [uncountable noun] the things that you have to do in your home, for yourself or your family 家庭劳动 the garden needs a bit more work, but it's almost finished. 花园里还有点活要干，但是也差不多干完了。 use the best tools and materials you can afford to give a professional finish to your diy work. 自己动手做东西，要尽量用最好的工具和材料，让成品显得有专业水平。do some/any more/a bit of etc work ‘where's dave?’ ‘he's outside, doing some work on the car, i think.’ “戴夫在哪里？”“我想是在外面弄车子吧。”work on i'm not doing any more work on the house this year, i can't be bothered. 今年我不再弄房子了，我不想麻烦。4. a piece of work done by an artist, musician etc 艺术家、音乐家等的作品 work /wɜːʳk/ [countable noun usually plural] something such as a painting, film, book, or long piece of music produced by an artist, writer etc ［艺术］作品；著作 the painting is one of picasso's earlier works. 这幅画是毕加索的早期作品之一。 a major new work by one of poland's leading film directors will be shown next saturday. 由波兰一名大导演拍摄的一部新的大片将在下星期六上映。work of art a painting or sculpture, especially a famous, important, or very valuable one 艺术精品［尤指著名、重要或非常贵重的绘画或雕塑］ the highest price paid for a work of art was the £30.2 million for van gogh's ‘irises’. 出价最高的艺术精品是梵高的《鸢尾花》，达3,020英镑。complete works of somebody all the things that someone has produced 某人的全部作品 the complete works of william shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 piece /piːs/ [countable noun] something that has been produced by an artist, musician, or writer, for example a painting or drawing or a short piece of music or writing ［艺术家、音乐家或作家的］作品 the concert began with three short pieces by the brazilian composer villa-lobos. 这场音乐会以巴西作曲家维拉-罗勃斯的三支短曲开始。 the collection includes pieces in both oils and watercolours, with a range of still life paintings. 藏品中有油画和水彩画，是静物系列。piece of music/writing/work etc another typical piece of owen's work is the poem, ‘the sentry’. 欧文的另一代表作是诗歌《哨兵》。 a truly impressive piece of greek sculpture 一座让人印象深刻的希腊雕塑5. the effort involved in working 工作中需作出的努力 work /wɜːʳk/ [uncountable noun] david tries to avoid work at all times. 戴维总是试图躲避工作。 it seems to be an awful lot of work to keep this place looking tidy. 保持这个地方整洁似乎非常费劲。hard work finally, i would like to thank all the staff for their hard work this year. 最后，我想感谢全体职员这一年来的努力工作。 my daughter gained her grades through sheer hard work and determination. 我女儿取得成绩全凭她的努力和决心。put work into something his last few speeches had been awful, and he knew he had to put more work into them. 他最近的几次演讲很糟糕，他知道得多花点工夫了。 phil has had the car for two years and has put hours of work into it. 菲尔的车买了两年，他在上面已经花了很多工夫。a considerable/huge/immense etc amount of work a considerable amount of work was necessary to establish even this basic framework. 即使是搭建这个基本的框架也需要花相当多的工夫。 the students have put a huge amount of work into the scheme. 学生在这个计划中投入了不少心思。good/sterling work used to say that the effort someone has made is good 干得好 well done peter -- keep up the good work. 干得不错，彼得—继续好好干。 i hope you'll join me in paying tribute to the sterling work done by the committee this year. 我希望大家和我一起向委员会今年所取得的优异成绩致敬。 effort /ˈefəʳt/ [uncountable noun] the physical or mental energy that is needed to do something 力气；精力 it seemed like a lot of effort for a very small gain. 好像是事倍功半。 his last piece does require some effort from the listener, but it's well worth it. 他最后一首乐曲需要听众用心听，但这很值得。with effort he mounted the slope with effort, breathing hard. 他费力地爬上山坡，气喘吁吁。a waste of effort i could have told you it would be a waste of effort. 我本可以告诉你这是白费力气。put effort in/into something after all the effort i put in, they had better be satisfied! 我那么卖力，他们也该满意了！ vicki has hardly put in any effort, yet she's expecting the same rewards as everyone else. 薇姬几乎没出什么力，但是她还期望得到和别人一样的奖赏。take/require effort this exercise isn't difficult - it shouldn't require much effort. 这练习不难—不用费很大工夫。 the former method takes a bit more effort, but the results are more reliable. 前一种方法要费点工夫，但是结果较可靠。be (well) worth the effort use this when the energy you use is worth using, because the result is good 值得花力气 children are hard work, of course, but worth the effort. 带孩子当然吃力，但是值得。 the climb is arduous, but well worth the effort, as the views from the top are spectacular. 爬山艰苦，但是值得，因为山顶的景色很壮观。time and effort i've spent a lot of time and effort getting this far. i'm not giving up now. 我花费了许多时间和心血做到这一步，我现在不会放弃的。 labour british /labor american /ˈleɪbəʳ/ [uncountable noun] hard physical work, such as digging, lifting, or cleaning 体力劳动 many women do all the work in the home, and their labour is unpaid. 许多妇女料理所有家务，而她们的劳动是没有报酬的。 marx defined the working class as people who sell their labour to employers. 马克思把工人阶级定义为把劳动出卖给雇主的人。manual/physical labour you don't look as if you could do physical labor. 你看上去不像会干体力活。farm/agricultural labour rising opportunities in agricultural labor in the north 北方越来越多的干农活的机会 commitment /kəˈmɪtmənt/ [uncountable noun] the hard work and loyalty that someone gives to an organization, activity, or piece of work, because they really care about it and believe in it 辛劳；忠诚；奉献 thanks to your energy and commitment, the fundraiser was a great success. 感谢你们所付出的精力和奉献精神，这次募捐活动取得了极大成功。commitment to your commitment to the project is very much appreciated by management. 管理层很感激你们对这个项目的投入。total/absolute/full commitment he is adamant that he wants total commitment and effort in the build-up to the match. 他坚决要求全身心投入到比赛的准备阶段中。 lawrence promised full commitment in his drive to make santa barbara college the most successful school in the region. 劳伦斯承诺会尽全力让圣巴巴拉学院成为本地区最成功的大学。6. unpleasant or boring work 令人不快的或乏味的工作 grind /graɪnd/ [singular noun] things that you have to do every day, especially as part of your job, which are boring and make you feel tired ［尤指每天工作的一部分］单调乏味的事，累人的事 grind of work feels like such a grind lately. 近来工作让人感觉如此乏味。 the relentless grind of hard labour and ill-health had taken its toll on booth. 没完没了的苦活重活加上身体不好已对布思造成极大损害。the daily grind the daily grind of meetings and tutorials went on. 每天都是单调乏味的会议和辅导课。hard grind british the prime minister is pictured taking a break from the hard grind of political life. 有人拍到了首相放下繁重的政务在休假的照片。 be a slog /biː ə ˈslɒgǁ-ˈslɑːg/ [verb phrase] british use this to say that work is difficult, boring, and tiring 【英】是苦差事 the journey across the valley to the farm is going to be a slog. 穿过山谷到农场的这一段路会走得很辛苦。hard/long slog it's a hard slog isn't it? i wish we'd got further yesterday. 很辛苦是不是？要是昨天多做点就好了。 cutting all the wood before nightfall was a long, hard slog. 要把所有木头都在黄昏前劈好，那真是件漫长的苦差事。 donkey work british /grunt work american /ˈdɒŋki wɜːʳkǁˈdɑːŋki-, ˈgrʌnt wɜːʳk/ [uncountable noun] informal work that is boring or takes a lot of time and effort, but that has to be done as part of a job or larger piece of work 【非正式】［职务或某项较大工作中］单调乏味的苦差事 i was doing grunt work for the secretary in the department, twenty hours a week. 我每周20小时为部门秘书做单调乏味的苦差事。 the real donkey work was actually done by those guys. 真正的苦差事实际上是由那些家伙干的。 drudgery /ˈdrʌdʒəri/ [uncountable noun] work that is hard and unpleasant because it is very boring, takes a long time to do, and often involves a lot of physical effort 苦活；贱役；辛苦乏味的工作 technological advances have taken much of the drudgery out of the assembly line and car plant. 技术进步为装配线和汽车制造厂省去了许多辛苦乏味的工作。 what seemed a promising job turned into months of boredom and drudgery. 看似有前途的职位结果变成了数月无聊乏味的工作。the drudgery of something the data management system has eliminated much of the drudgery of filing. 数据管理系统省却了文件归档工作中许多繁重乏味的工作。 calculators were introduced to relieve students of the drudgery of pencil-and-paper number-crunching. 计算器的使用把学生从枯燥乏味的笔头计算工作中解放了出来。 toil /tɔɪl/ [uncountable noun] formal difficult and boring work that takes a long time 【正式】长时间的苦工［苦活］ here began their arduous toil to force a living from the land. 他们在这里开始了艰苦劳作，努力在这块土地上谋生。 man's desire for freedom from physical toil 男性摆脱体力劳动的愿望7. to do a job that you get paid for 做有报酬的工作 work /wɜːʳk/ [intransitive verb] i haven't worked since i had my first child seven years ago. 七年前我生第一个孩子后就没工作过。 his illness eventually prevented him from working. 他的病最后使他无法工作。 four teachers agreed to work without pay until things were settled. 四名教师同意在事情解决前无偿工作。work for for nineteen years, my father worked for the general electric corporation. 我父亲在通用电气公司干了19年。 the company jack worked for gave him fully paid leave during his wife's illness. 妻子生病期间，杰克所在的公司给了他带薪假。work in/on/at i'd never worked in a lab before i came here. 来这里之前，我从未在实验室工作过。 five mornings a week, she worked on campus. 她一周有五个上午在校园里干活。 over the years, i'd gotten used to all the perks of working at a posh downtown miami law firm. 这些年来，我已经习惯了在迈阿密市中心一家高级律师事务所工作的种种好处。work as a consultant/secretary/builder etc he's changed his job and is now working as a consultant for a german firm. 他换了工作，现在给一家德国公司当顾问。 her father was an artist who sometimes worked as a salesman and labourer. 她爸爸是个画画的，有时也当推销员和工人。work somewhere sorry, bethany doesn't work here any more. 对不起，贝萨尼不在这里上班了。 where do you work? 你在哪里上班？work long hours/sundays/nights/full-time etc he only works three days a week now. 他现在每周只工作三天。 there's always someone in -- i'm working nights so i'm here in the days. 家里一直有人的一我晚上上班，所以白天在家。 i was working full-time, so i didn't see much of my girlfriend. 我全职上班，因此不常见到女朋友。 are you prepared to work longer hours occasionally, to get the work done? 你愿意偶尔加班把工作做完吗？work hard my staff work hard, and they trust me. that's important. 我的员工工作努力，而且他们信任我，那很重要。 be /biː/ [verb] if someone is a teacher, farmer, doctor etc, that is their job 是［教师、农民、医生等］ ‘what do you do?’ ‘i'm a journalist.’ “你干什么工作？”“我是个记者。” she was a teacher for over twenty years. 她当了二十多年教师。 before becoming a writer, schwarz had been a cook, a cab driver and a door-to-door salesman. 在成为作家前，施瓦茨曾当过厨师、出租车司机和挨户兜售的推销员。 go into /ˈgəʊ ɪntuː/ [transitive verb] go into teaching/nursing/politics/journalism etc to start working as a teacher, nurse etc, because you have decided that this is the job you would like to do 从事教学/护理/政治/新闻等 janet says she'd like to go into teaching after she finishes college. 珍妮特说她大学毕业后想教书。 mills was wealthy even before he went into politics. 米尔斯早在从政前就很有钱了。 snyder went into business for herself as an independent consultant. 斯奈德从商当独立顾问。 practise british /practice american /ˈpræktɪs, ˈpræktəs/ [intransitive/transitive verb] to work in a professional job as a doctor, lawyer, dentist etc ［医生、律师、牙医等专业人员］执业 although he is a qualified dentist, he ceased to practice several years ago. 虽然他是位合格的牙医，但他几年前就不干这一行了。 kingsley has been practising from the london hydrotherapy centre since 1960. 自1960年起，金斯利就在伦敦水疗中心执业。practise medicine/law etc i graduated from manchester law school and practised law with the firm of arthur & madden of birmingham. 我毕业于曼彻斯特法学院，曾在伯明翰的阿瑟和梅登律师行执业。practise as a small proportion of those who complete their training do not practise as doctors. 有一小部分人完成培训后没有当医生。 practising [adjective only before noun] jenny is a practising psychotherapist. 珍妮是执业心理治疗师。8. to do work that is not part of your job 做非职务的事 work /wɜːʳk/ [intransitive verb] to do an activity that needs effort and takes time 做事，劳动 i've been working all day in the garden. 我在花园里干了一天活。 we had to work non-stop to get the boat ready for the race. 为了在比赛前把船造好，我们必须不停地干。work on i have to work on the jeep over the weekend. 周末我得修理吉普车。 do /duː/ [transitive verb] do the housework/gardening/cleaning etc to do work that must be done regularly in your home 做家务/园艺/清洗工作［家里必须定期做的事］ i'm always the one who does the cooking and cleaning and stuff around here. 这里做饭、打扫诸如此类的事情总是我来做。 it's about time the laundry was done. 该洗衣服了吧。 hey, the washing-up's been done. that must have been cynthia. 嗨，碗碟都洗好了，肯定是辛西娅洗的。9. to be at the place where you work 在工作场所 be at work /biː ət ˈwɜːʳk/ [verb phrase] to be doing your job at the place where you work, especially at a factory, office etc owned by your employer 在工作，在上班［尤指在工厂、办公室里等］ i'm afraid fran's not here at the moment -- he's at work. 恐怕弗兰现在不在这儿——他在上班。 what time do you have to be at work? 你几点上班？ i'll tell you, i wish i had these dat machines at work. 我告诉你，我希望我的办公室里有这些数码录音机。 be on duty /biː ɒn ˈdjuːtiǁ-ˈduːti/ [verb phrase] to be at work in a job where there must always be someone working, for example if you are a nurse or a police officer 值班；值勤 you can't drink while you're on duty. 值班的时候不能喝酒。on duty 24 hours/from 6.00 p.m./on mondays etc i'm on duty from 8 a.m. on monday till 12 midday on thursday. 我从周一上午9点一直值班到周四中午12点。 we're on duty tonight at half past ten. 我们今晚10点半值班。 on business /ɒn ˈbɪznə̇s/ [adverb] if someone goes somewhere on business, they go somewhere as part of their job, especially to another city or country 出差 she drives to tijuana several times a month on business. 她一个月有好几次要开车去蒂华纳出差。 the family was living in the palace hotel in japan because my father was there on business. 全家人都住在日本的皇宫酒店，因为我爸爸在那里出差。 do you travel abroad on business more than three times a year? 你每年去国外出差超过三次吗？be away on business with her husband frequently away on business, berenice turns to a close friend for help and support. 丈夫经常出差，使贝蕾妮丝转而向好朋友求助。 be on call /biː ɒn ˈkɔːl/ [verb phrase] if someone such as a doctor, lawyer, or engineer is on call, they can be telephoned and will work if they are needed 随叫随到，随时待命 doctor lalor won't be at the surgery this afternoon, but she's on call until midnight. 今天下午莱勒医生不在诊所，但午夜之前她随叫随到。 if the machine breaks down at any time, there's always a technician on call. 如果机器突然坏了的话，总有位技术员随叫随到。 construction managers must be on call to deal with emergencies. 施工经理必须随叫随到处理紧急情况。be on call 24 hours a day/3 days a week etc resident managers live in hotels and are on call 24 hours a day. 驻店经理住在酒店里，一天24小时随时待命。10. a piece of work that you have to do 必须干的一件工作 job /dʒɒbǁdʒɑːb/ [countable noun] a specific piece of work that you have to do, often one that you are not paid for ［必须做而通常没有报酬的］工作，杂务 repairing the roof -- that's going to be the biggest job. 修理屋顶—那可是最费工夫的事。 cleaning the car's one of my least favorite jobs. 洗车是我最不喜欢干的活之一。do a job well, i must go now. i've lots of jobs to do around the house. 好啦，我得走了，家里有很多事要做。do a good/nice/beautiful etc job do a job well 干得好 i always take my car to york street garage. they're expensive, but they do a good job. 我总是把车送到约克街汽车修理厂，他们收费虽然高，但是活干得漂亮。 irene did a nice job on those clothes didn't she? 那些衣服艾琳做得很漂亮，不是吗？get on with a job continue doing a job 继续工作 he didn't complain or criticize, he just got on with the job. 他没有发牢骚也没有指责，只是继续工作。odd jobs jobs of different kinds that are not regular 零工 he does odd jobs for people in his spare time. 他闲下来时为人打打零工。the job in/at hand the job you have to do at the moment 手头上的工作 let's just concentrate on the job in hand, shall we? 我们就专注手头上的工作，好吗？ she was upset, and found it difficult to keep her mind on the job at hand. 她心神不定，难以专注手上的工作。 task /tɑːskǁtæsk/ [countable noun] formal a piece of work that you have to do - use this especially about a difficult or unpleasant job, or about a specific part of your work 【正式】任务；工作［尤指困难的或讨厌的工作，或工作的某一特定部分］ one of the first tasks eva set herself was learning the local language. 伊娃为自己定的头几个任务之一是学会当地语言。impossible/difficult/arduous etc task the un peacekeeping force faces an almost impossible task. 联合国维和部队面临一个几乎不可能完成的任务。 we knew what had to be done, but it wasn't an easy task. 我们知道得做什么，但这个任务不简单。task of recovery crews continued the grim task of retrieving bodies from the wreckage. 救援队继续执行从残骸里打捞尸体的令人沮丧的任务。face/begin/continue a task by 2001, we had begun the task of collecting the materials and information needed for the study. 2001年的时候，我们已开始着手这个工作，搜集研究所需的素材和资料。 this is one of the most difficult and complex tasks we face. 这是我们面临的最困难、最复杂的任务之一。perform a task/carry out a task most of the workers did not have the skills required to perform the most basic tasks. 大多数工人都不具备完成最基本任务所需的技能。 the massacre was never fully investigated because the police were incapable of carrying out the task. 对这场大屠杀从没有展开过全面的调查，原因是警方没有能力执行这个任务。thankless task one that no one wants to do because they will get no satisfaction from it 吃力不讨好的差使 who on earth would volunteer for such a thankless task? 谁还会主动去做这样吃力不讨好的差使？ something to do/some work to do /ˌsʌmθɪŋ tə ˈduː, səm ˈwɜːʳk tə duː/ [verb phrase] a job that you have to do, either for your work or for yourself, especially things that you have to leave your office or house to do 要做的事［尤指需要离开办公室或家去做的事］ i'll pick the laundry up on saturday -- i have some shopping to do anyway. 我周六去拿洗好的衣服——反正还要去买些东西。 i've got some work to do this evening. 今天晚上我有些事情要做。 piece of work /ˌpiːs əv ˈwɜːʳk/ [noun phrase] something that you have to do, especially something that involves writing or drawing and a lot of thinking ［尤指需要写、画或思考的］作业，作品 do/hand in/submit a piece of work do you actually fail the year if you don't hand in a piece of work? 要是不把作业交上去，今年真的会不及格吗？ i've got a merit for every piece of work i've done. 我的每一件作品都有可称道之处。good/excellent etc piece of work i think this is a very fine piece of work and it deserves a first class mark. 我认为这件作品很好，应该得高分。 look at that piece of work and ask yourself the question -- ‘is this the best i can do?’ 看看那件作品，然后问自己—“我就只能做到这么好吗？” assignment /əˈsaɪnmənt/ [countable noun] a piece of work that someone gives you to do, as part of your job or as part of your studies ［分派的］任务，作业 bart's first assignment for the newspaper was to report on the french elections. 巴特在报社的第一个任务是报道法国大选。 this is a really tough assignment, and i believe you're the only person who can handle it. 这是个很棘手的任务，我相信你是唯一一个能应付的人。finish/complete an assignment she stayed late to complete a class assignment. 她留到很晚以完成课堂作业。history/homework/school/military etc assignment robin spent many lunch hours poring over her math assignments. 罗宾用了很多午餐时间仔细阅读她的数学作业。 i eventually got a teaching assignment at xibei. 我最终在西北谋到一个教职。one-year/two week etc assignment ‘i figure this will either make or break us,’ cheyne said of the 1-year assignment to get the camp up and running. “我想我们成败在此一举。”切恩谈到为期一年的任务是使阵营准备就绪时如此说道。 chore /tʃɔːʳ/ [countable noun] an unpleasant or boring job, especially one that you have to do regularly in your home 令人厌烦的工作；无聊的工作［尤指家务］ washing the kitchen floor was a daily chore, and it was the one i hated most. 清洗厨房地面是每天要做的家务，我最讨厌这个了。 when we opened the store, our ambition was to make shopping less of a chore, more of a pleasure. 我们开商店时的目标是使购物少点麻烦，多点乐趣。 when i got old enough i started to have chores around the house. 当我长大了，就开始做家务。do the/your chores do all the cleaning etc that needs doing in a home 做家务 michael, come on. do your chores, bud. 迈克尔，来吧，做家务了，老兄。household chores chores in the home, such as cleaning or cooking 家务杂活 husbands should be prepared to do their share of the household chores. 丈夫应该分担家务。 errand /ˈerənd/ [countable noun] a small job that you need to do or that someone has asked you to do, such as buying something, posting something, taking somebody to a place etc 差事；差使 do/run an errand (for somebody) before you disappear, i want you to do an errand for me. 在你消失之前，我要你给我办件事。 peter cleaned equipment, ran errands, answered the phone -- it was all routine. 彼得清洗设备、跑腿、接电话—都是些日常杂活。 i used to pick up her dry cleaning and run errands for her. 我以前常给她取干洗的衣服，跑跑腿。 duty /ˈdjuːtiǁˈduːti/ [countable noun usually plural] something that you have a responsibility to do, especially as a regular part of your job 职责，任务 for the most part, there was not much to do, other than cleanup duty around the prison camp. 除了战俘营里的打扫任务外，大部分时间没什么太多的事可做。 part of a park ranger's official duties is to ensure public safety. 园林管理员的职责之一是确保公众安全。 clerical and secretarial duties 文书和秘书的职责have a duty to do something formal teachers have a duty to ensure that students are not injured whilst they are in their care. 教师有责任确保照管的学生不受伤害。perform a duty and now i have a very pleasant duty to perform. i am going to present the prizes to the winning competitors. 现在我要履行一项非常愉快的职责，给获奖选手颁奖。tour of duty a period of time that a soldier or other member of the armed forces spends in a particular place ［士兵或其他军队人员派驻某地的］任期 he recently completed a tour of duty in seoul as assistant to the us ambassador there. 他在首尔给美国驻韩大使当助理的任期最近结束了。11. an important piece of work 重要工作 project /ˈprɒdʒektǁˈprɑː-/ [countable noun] an important piece of work that an organization, group, or person plans carefully in order to achieve a particular aim over a long period of time 计划；规划；项目 the federal government will help fund this immense project, which includes the building of 150 day-care centers. 联邦政府将资助这个庞大的计划，这个计划包括建造150个日托中心。 the government scrapped the project after ruling that the costs were too high. 政府裁定费用太高，故此放弃了这个计划。 i've been working on the inner city development project for the last five years. 过去五年我一直在忙于旧城区改造计划。educational/construction/research etc project a joint us--british research project 美英联合研究计划 these are encouraging signs that the ballpark project is moving from blueprint to reality. 棒球场计划正从蓝图变为现实，这些都是令人鼓舞的迹象。 mission /ˈmɪʃən/ [countable noun] an important job that someone is sent to do in another place, especially for a military or political purpose ［尤指军事或政治的］重要任务；使命 he was immediately sent to paris. his mission was to negotiate a ceasefire. 他立即被派往巴黎，任务是商议停火协议。 he volunteered to embark on a dangerous secret mission into occupied france. 他自告奋勇，参加一个危险的秘密任务，潜入被占领的法国。 a rescue mission to salvage a satellite 抢修卫星的救援任务combat/military mission i flew on over 280 combat missions in two wars, so i'm used to danger. 两次战争中我参加过二百八十多次飞行战斗任务，因此我对危险已习惯了。 undertaking /ˌʌndəˈteɪkɪŋǁˈʌndərteɪ-/ [countable noun usually singular] a big or important job, which you decide or agree to do, and which you will be responsible for ［重大的］任务；事业 huge/major/big etc undertaking in the late 1980s, the us embarked on a major undertaking: the human genome project. 20世纪80年代末，美国开始了一个重大项目：人类基因组计划。 everybody needs to realise that this is a huge undertaking. 每个人都要明白，这是一个巨大的任务。 covering an olympics is an extraordinary undertaking for any television company. 报道奥运会对任何一家电视公司来说都是非同寻常的任务。12. to give someone work to do 给某人工作做 give /gɪv/ [transitive verb] if you give someone a job, some work etc, you offer them the job, work etc, or ask them to do it for you 给；提供；叫［某人］做［某事］ give somebody something i asked joel's teacher if we should give him some level 4 work. 我问乔尔的老师，我们是否该给他做些四级的作业。 we were given some grammar assignments for homework. 我们给布置了一些语法练习作为家庭作业。give something to somebody angie did a really good interview, but they gave the job to someone with more experience. 安吉面试表现很好，但是他们却把职位给了更有经验的人。give somebody something to do/give something to somebody to do what can i give helen to do? she's finished the filing. 我给海伦做什么呢？她刚完成归档。 ok, you open the parcels. that'll give you something to do. 好的，你来打开包裹，那会给你一些事情做做。 ‘have you peeled the carrots?’ ‘no, i gave them to dad to do.’ “你削好胡萝卜了吗？”“没有，我交给爸爸做了。” assign /əˈsaɪn/ [transitive verb usually in passive] formal to give a particular job to a particular person 【正式】指派，分派［工作］ be assigned something you have been assigned the task of keeping the records up to date. 指派给你的任务是不断更新记录。 after her promotion took effect, she was assigned a research job. 她的晋升令生效后，她获派一项研究工作。be assigned to somebody the job of producing a development program was assigned to the junior minister. 制定发展计划的工作指派给了副部长。 he was asked to assign two of his employees to the inventory control department. 他被要求派两名手下去库存管理部。 set /set/ [transitive verb] especially british if a teacher or employer sets you a piece of work, they give it to you to do, and you must finish it by a particular time or date 【尤英】［教师］布置［作业］；［雇主］指派［工作］ set homework/a task/work etc mr harris always sets a lot of homework. 哈里斯先生总是布置很多家庭作业。 is that all -- or has she set some other task for you as well? 就这么多吗—还是她给你布置了其他任务？ anneka was set the huge task by christian aid on behalf of a family who fled from war-torn mozambique. 基督教援助委员会指派给安妮卡一个巨大任务，为从饱受战争蹂躏的莫桑比克逃出的一个家庭提供帮助。set somebody something she set us some work to do in groups. 她指派给我们一些小组任务。 at the end of the session, they were set a homework task. 这堂课结束时，他们被布置了一项家庭作业。 commission /kəˈmɪʃən/ [transitive verb] to appoint someone to do a piece of work for you, for example to write a report or to produce some artistic or scientific work 委托；委派 the philadelphia medical society commissioned a report on alcoholism. 费城医学会托人撰写有关酒精中毒的报告。be commissioned for/by/from etc his ‘landscapes’ symphony was commissioned for the inaugural concert of the shepherd school. 他的《风光》交响曲是受托为谢泼德学院的成立音乐会而写的。 seventy-five percent of americans think that women are more sensual than men, according to a survey commissioned by revlon. 据露华浓公司委托进行的一项调查显示，75%的美国人认为女性比男性更喜欢感官享受。 the left-hand piano concerto was the first of several works commissioned from distinguished composers. 《左撇子钢琴协奏曲》是著名作曲家受托谱写的数部作品中的第一部。commission somebody to do something in 1506, bramante was commissioned by pope julius ii to rebuild st peter's church. 1506年，教皇尤利乌斯二世委托布拉曼特重建圣彼得大教堂。 the gallery is housed in the new wing, which he commissioned adams to build 18 years ago. 美术馆设在新翼，那是他18年前委派亚当斯建造的。 saddle somebody with also lumber somebody with british informal /ˈsædl somebody wɪð, ˈlʌmbəʳ somebody wɪð/ [transitive phrasal verb] to give someone an unpleasant or difficult job to do 使某人负担［讨厌或困难的工作］ be/get saddled with something campaign adviser ken polaski has been saddled with the job of explaining the recent presidential gaffes. 竞选顾问肯·波兰斯基有件苦差事，要为总统最近的失言作出解释。 ‘i'm sorry you've been lumbered with running me back home,’ said ashley stiffly. “对不起，开车送我回家让你受累了。”阿什利生硬地说。saddle something with something the hong kong rugby union has saddled simpkin with the post of national coach to the ailing team. 香港橄榄球联合会把这支积弱球队的主教练职位推给了辛普金。☞ work¹☞ work² |
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