婺剧，浙江文化金名片
夏斌婷 苗青
2022年新年戏曲晚会、央视虎年春晚、2022春节戏曲晚会、央视元宵戏曲晚会……春节期间，浙江婺剧艺术研究院（浙江婺剧团）（以下简称“浙婺”）频频亮相央视舞台，精彩的演绎收获赞声一片，令人倍感骄傲。
2022年1月11日，婺剧领军人物、二度中国戏剧梅花奖获得者陈美兰获评2021年度“最美浙江人 · 最美文旅人”;1月 25日，浙婺文武小生楼胜获评“最美浙江人 · ?浙江骄傲”年度人物，是浙江艺术界本届唯一获评的“浙江骄傲”。而在2021年5月，楼胜更是斩获第三十届中国戏剧梅花奖头魁。至此，婺剧演员已经5次夺得中国戏剧表演艺术最高奖——梅花奖。矗立在燕尾洲上的中国婺剧院，是金华市区的建筑新地标、文化新地标。如今，婺剧不仅仅是金华也是浙江的一张文化金名片……
楼胜：我的今天，比梦想还美
2021年，是楼胜丰收的一年。从杭州接受“最美浙江人 ·?浙江骄傲”年度人物颁奖回到金华，站在中国婺剧院偌大的舞台上，楼胜动情地说：“22年前，我进入武义县第二职校婺剧班学戏，那时只是因为喜欢婺剧，想当一个婺剧演员。没想到，一步步走来，我的今天，比梦想还美。”
在楼胜眼里，他的成长，最重要的是这样关键的几步。
2000年，他从职校毕业，成为浙江婺剧团的一员。
2005年，他因遭遇变声期嗓子倒仓，基本不能开口唱戏，想要改行做化妆师。浙婺院长王晓平力排众议，坚持让他进《白蛇传》剧组，尝试扮演许仙。从此，练好嗓子、演好许仙，就成了他最大的目标。
2012年，作为浙江省重点创新团队的“陈美兰新剧目创作团队”成立，楼胜成了这个团队的主力成员，在陈美兰的带领下，创排了一大批新剧目，他有了更多机会扮演各种角色，戏路越来越宽。
2015年，妻子杨霞云荣获第27届中国戏剧梅花奖，王晓平院长对他说：“楼胜，好好努力，下一个梅花奖可能就是你！”楼胜说 ：“之前，我从来没想过有一天自己能和中国戏剧最高表演奖——梅花奖联系在一起，王院长的这句话，让我开始重新审视自己的能力，更加勤奋地练功、学习。无论成与不成，梅花奖的目标清晰地立在了面前。”
楼胜不仅获得了梅花奖，还以总票数第一，成就了浙江省时隔36年后再次夺得中国戏剧梅花奖榜首的荣誉。
这次的“最美浙江人 · 浙江骄傲”年度人物评选，楼胜是10位获奖者之一。对楼胜而言，做梦都没想到会获得这样的荣誉。在颁奖典礼上，他的话语里充满了感恩：“中国戏曲无与伦比的美让我一眼就入了迷。成为婺剧演员之后，我更看见了一代代婺剧前辈在为传承婺剧鞠躬尽瘁。我深知自己的渺小，但我又非常幸运能在浙江这块文化沃土中茁壮成长，在一个具有超强战斗力和凝聚力的团队工作。我们团队以美兰老师为首的婺剧前辈为我们这些青年演员的成长付出了太多、牺牲了太多，他们甘做婺剧道路上的铺路石。我想，我们把戏演好的同时，更要传承好老师身上的精神和品格，肩负起我们的责任和使命，让婺剧真正代代相传。”
在楼胜看来，此次他不是以个人，而是代表浙婺团队去领奖，“我们的团队，才是浙江骄傲，甚至是中国骄傲！”
陈美兰：婺剧，成了生活的全部
出生于1964年的陈美兰是国家一级演员、二度文华奖获得者、国家级非物质文化遗产项目——婺剧代表性传承人。作为婺剧领军人物，她所获荣誉不胜枚举。
在她的带领和全团的共同努力下，剧团被授予“全国服务农民服务基层文化工作先进集体”“全国文化工作先进集体”“全国文明单位”和首批“全国文化和旅游系统先进集体”等称号，入选全国地方戏创作演出重点院团。2012年，陈美兰领衔的新剧目创作团队被命名为“浙江省重点创新团队”。
每次谈及婺剧如今的成绩，她说得最多的都是“传承”二字，“婺剧的成功，不是一步登天，而是众人拾柴、聚沙成塔，靠的是一代代婺剧人的不懈努力”。
为此，她付出很多。从艺41年的她，把大部分青春时光留给了舞台，英姿勃发的巾帼英雄穆桂英、爱憎分明的西域昆仑女、深明大义的才女柳彦卿、嫉恶如仇的小青、一代女皇武则天，她塑造的角色一个个脍炙人口;而在自己人气最旺的时候，她甘愿退居二线引荐新人，培养了杨霞云、巫文玲、陈丽俐以及楼胜、李烜宇等一批婺剧青年人才。
这应该是了解婺剧的人都熟知的陈美兰故事，这里就说说生活中的小事吧。
1997年，陈美兰的儿子出生了，那年她34岁。为了早日回归舞台，她在儿子5个月时就断了奶。“当时，团里有一个到香港演出的任务，需要我演《白蛇传》中的小青。”陈美兰说，从小在部队大院长大的她，总不自觉地像军人一样要求自己，会把剧团的需要放在最前面。因为经常辗转各地演出，断奶后的儿子就一直由他外婆照料，自己鲜有时间陪伴，儿子对外婆的感情远远超过了她这个妈妈。“记得以前的母亲节，我母亲都能收到我儿子的礼物，我却没有。”说到这，陈美兰不禁眼眶泛红：“有所得就要有付出，事业和家庭是很难达到平衡的。”
楼胜和杨霞云亦是如此。在剧团，他们的“拼”也是出了名的。对两人来说，一年200天外出演出不算多，他俩虽然从不抱怨这样的生活苦，却也因对婺剧的热爱觉得愧对女儿。
每次外出巡演的大巴车上，剧场排练或演出后的化妆间……大家不时会看到他们和女儿视频聊天的画面。“演出结束常常是晚上10点以后了，但我们总想着和孩子多见见、说说话，于是视频成了最好的方式。这不，如今孩子的生活作息都被我们影响了，总是很晚才睡。”有人看到这，可能会说，演出回家不就能见了。其实不然。为了不让孩子影响他们在金华的排练和演出，夫妻俩回金前常会安排父母把女儿带回武义老家照顾。“我因演出没陪霞云去医院生产，错过了女儿的出生。女儿如今三岁了，我也从没独自带她睡过一个晚上。”楼胜话语中满是歉疚。
正如陈美兰所说：“我原先是想把婺剧当作生活中的一抹色彩，没想到走着走着，婺剧却成了我生活的全部。”
每次获奖，都是一个新的起点
作为婺剧新生代演员，楼胜赢得了国内外众多戏迷的喜爱，很多年轻观众就像追影视明星一样追楼胜。就像“最美浙江人 · ?浙江骄傲”评委会的颁奖词所赞美的：“翎子一抖，身聚一团火;啼腔乍亮，声动万顷波;弄舟千回，终系婺江胜景;寻梅几度，始入少年襟怀;但见楼台翻古曲，且叹梨园立新松。”然而，楼胜对自己的获奖却有清醒的认识。他说，对于演员来说，拿到荣誉并不是登顶，而是要推动你继续前进。“荣誉是对我们既往成绩的肯定，而此后观众对你的要求会更高，会有更多的期待。以前演出是轻装上阵，没有那幺多的心理负担，现在更像是负重前行，因为肩上的责任和使命更重了。”
陈美兰对楼胜等年轻一代婺剧人、对婺剧充满信心。她说，相信楼胜会再接再厉，也相信婺剧舞台上会涌现更多的楼胜，让婺剧薪火相传，长盛不衰。
婺剧是浙江的第二大剧种、国家级非物质文化遗产，俗称“金华戏”，是高腔、昆腔、乱弹、徽戏、滩簧、时调六种声腔的合班，其历史可以追溯到500年前的明朝中叶。京剧大师梅兰芳曾说：“京剧的前身是徽戏。京剧要寻找自己的祖宗，看来还要到婺剧徽戏中去找。”
婺剧，这个来自民间的地方戏曲剧种，正展现出无与伦比的自信之美。近年来，浙婺依托省市两级对婺剧的保护扶持政策，不断优化体制机制，增强院团活力，出人出戏出效益，一步步从300多个地方戏曲剧种中脱颖而出，成为全国地方戏院团的排头兵。
截至目前，浙婺已20多次登上央视春晚、新年戏曲晚会、中共中央国务院春节团拜会、亚洲文化嘉年华、庆祝建党百年文艺演出《伟大征程》等重大文艺演出的舞台，其演出足迹遍及中国国内大部分省区市，以及49个国家和地区，每年演出达500多场，深受观众喜爱，形成了享誉戏剧界的“浙婺现象”，让更多人感受到婺剧这一古老剧种的魅力。
2020年5月，婺剧入选首批“浙江文化印记”。
2021年9月，中国剧协号召全国戏剧界向浙婺学习。
2021年12月，浙婺荣获首批“全国文化和旅游系统先进集体”称号，这已是浙婺第6次荣获全国性先进集体荣誉称号。
2022年1月，《国有文艺院团改革的浙婺样本》入选浙江省宣传思想文化工作创新项目名单，位列榜首。
Wuju Opera Artists： Pride of Zhejiang
By Xia Binting ?Miao Qing
During the Chinese New Year， Zhejiang Wuju Opera Art Research Institute （Zhejiang Wuju Opera Troupe） proudly presented their works for various galas on CCTV （China Central Television） channels， and were warmly applauded. This troupe also boasts of an impressive award-winning record， including the Pride of Zhejiang， China Theater Plum Blossom Award， and so on. The China Wuju Opera Theater located at the Yanweizhou Road has become the new cultural landmark in Jinhua and beyond — nowadays， Wuju opera has become a cultural golden card for Zhejiang.
For Lou Sheng， the year 2021 is quite fruitful. After attending the award ceremony and receiving his honorary title the “Most Beautiful People in Zhejiang — Pride of Zhejiang” in Hangzhou， he went back to Jinhua. “About 22 years ago， I began to learn Wuju opera at the No.2 Vocational School in Wuyi county out of pure love and dreamed that I could become a Wuju opera artist one day. I never would have imagined that my real-life achievements today are better than my dream，” standing on the spacious stage of the China Wuju Opera Theater， Lou was getting quite emotional.
In the eyes of Lou， a few critical steps have marked his growth. In 2000， he graduated from a vocational school and became a member of the Zhejiang Wuju Troupe.
In 2005， he lost his voice and in frustration he decided to become a makeup artist instead. But Wang Xiaoping， director of the China Wuju Opera Theater， insisted against all the dissenting views that Lou join the cast of the White Snake Legend and play the leading role as Xu Xian， for which Lou practiced in earnest to make himself qualified.
In 2012， Lou became a major member of Chen Meilan’s playwriting team， a provincial key innovation team. Under Chen’s guidance， he created and rehearsed a large number of new plays， and used such opportunities to try different roles.
In 2015， Lou’s wife Yang Xiayun won the 27th China Theater Plum Blossom Award， the top performance award for Chinese operas， and he was then encouraged by Director Wang to work hard and win the title next year. “I’ve never thought I could be associated with the top award. Director Wang’s words have pushed me to rethink my capabilities and to practice harder towards a clear goal of winning back a Plum， regardless of the result.”
And he won， not only the award but the first place in total votes， a long-awaited honor for Zhejiang since it embraced an indigenous laureate 36 years ago.
This time， Lou Sheng was selected into the top 10 “Most Beautiful People in Zhejiang— Pride of Zhejiang”. At the award ceremony， he said with full gratitude： “Chinese opera is so beautiful that I fell love with it at the first sight. After becoming a Wuju opera actor， I have seen generations of predecessors toiling for the inheritance of the opera. Insignificant as I am， I know I am lucky enough to have been living here in Zhejiang， a land of rich culture， and working closely with a group of hardworking people.”
“The predecessors in our team， led by Ms Chen Meilan， have made huge sacrifices for the growth of us young actors， and paved the way for the development of Wuju opera. For us， we should not only put on high-quality performances but also inherit our teachers’ spirit and characters， and make it our own mission to pass on Wuju opera from generation to generation，” Lou added.
From Lou’s point of view， this award was not given to himself as an individual， but to his team as whole. “It is our team that has made our province or even our country proud！”
Born in 1964， Chen Meilan is a nationally recognized artist， a two-time Wenhua Award winner， and an iconic inheritor of the Wuju opera. She led the whole troupe to numerous significant awards and titles — in 2012， her playwriting team was appointed by the Zhejiang government as a provincial key innovation team.
When talking about the achievements of Wuju opera， she always accentuates the word “inheritance”. “The success of Wuju opera has not been achieved by giant leaps， rather it has been accumulated by the strenuous effort of the Wuju opera performers for generations.”
To that she has been devoting herself. It is widely known that as an active performer with 47-year experience in the industry， she left the best of her youth on the stage， and took a back seat in her prime for the young talents to enjoy the spotlight.
However， people may not be familiar with how she and other performers like Lou and Yang sacrificed their family life for their careers， for which they have never complained. On the other hand， they could not stop feeling “guilty” towards their families， especially their kids.
As Chen said， “Originally I just wanted to take on Wuju opera and add another touch of color to my life， but I didn’t expect that it became my whole life.”
As a new-generation performer， Lou has won the heart of enthusiastic fans from across the globe， and highly praised by professionals. But he was not overwhelmed by the acknowledgments he received. “Honors are for our past glory. They will push us forward and make the audience expect more. Now， we must carry the responsibilities on our shoulders and proceed with a mission.”
Chen has full confidence in the younger generation of Wuju opera talents like Lou， and she believes there will be more of them to carry on spreading the beauty and charm of Wuju opera for years and years to come.
Wuju opera， a national intangible cultural heritage， is the second largest opera genre in Zhejiang. Commonly known as Jinhua theater， it is the combination of six famous vocal tunes — the high-pitched tune， the Kunqu opera tune， the Luantan （literally “random pluck”） tune， the Huiju opera tune， the Tanhuang （a local folk opera art） tune and the Shidiao （popular local ditties） tune. Its history can be traced back to 500 years ago in the middle of the Ming dynasty （1368-1644）. Mei Lanfang， master of Peking opera， once praised Wuju opera as “the genuine Huiju opera and the father of Peking opera”.
scicat.cn202203282241
