下睑袋整复术后眶内血肿伴视力受损修复效果探讨
王颖维 胡丹 何艳茹
[摘要]目的:通过对2例睑袋术后眶内血肿合并视力受损的病例诊治,分析原因并提高对此类并发症救治的认识。方法:完善眼部相关辅助检查,综合分析,1例行术区出血原因探查联合药物治疗,1例保守药物救治,使用激素冲击治疗、甘露醇降眶压等,及时观察眶压、眶内血肿及视力情况。结果:经手术探查下睑袋术区,发现眶内脂肪出血,给予止血并清理部分积血联合药物降眶压;保守药物治疗者,及时降眶压及眼压;2例患者治疗后眶内血肿均逐渐吸收,视力改善。结论:下睑袋整复术是常见眼周美容手术,应重视围术期处置,并发眶内血肿时,及时降眶压、止血是必须的,避免不可逆的视功能损伤。
[关键词]下睑袋整复术;眶内血肿;视力受损;视神经损伤;眶内压
[中图分类号]R622? ? [文献标志码]A? ? [文章编号]1008-6455(2020)09-0004-03
Repair Effect of Intraorbital Hematoma with Visual Impairment after Lower Eyelid Blepharoplasty
WANG Ying-wei,HU Dan,HE Yan-ru
(Department of Ophthalmology,Xijing Hospital,Air Force Military Medical University,Xi'an 710032,Shaanxi,China)
Abstract: Objective? Through the diagnosis and treatment of 2 cases of intraorbital hematoma combined with visual impairment after lower eyelid blepharoplasty, to analyze the causes and improve the understanding of the treatment of such complications. Methods? Perfect eye related auxiliary examination, comprehensive analysis. One case was treated with exploration of the causes of bleeding in the operation area combined with drug treatment. One case was treated with conservative medicine. The patients were treated with hormonal shock therapy and mannitol. Orbital pressure, intraorbital hematoma and visual acuity were observed. Results? After surgical exploration, intraorbital fat bleeding was found, hemostasis and clearing part of hematocele were given combined with drugs to reduce orbital pressure. Patient on conservative medication, timely reduce the orbital pressure and intraocular pressure. In both cases, the hematoma was absorbed gradually and the vision was improved. Conclusion? Lower eyelid blepharoplasty is a common cosmetic operation, which should be paid attention to perioperative management. When complicated with intraorbital hematoma, timely lower orbital pressure and hemostasis is necessary to avoid irreversible visual impairment.
Key words: lower eyelid blepharoplasty; intraorbital hematoma; visual impairment; optic nerve injury; intraorbital pressure
下瞼袋整复术是眼部常见的一种美容手术,因美容效果理想,受到医疗和美容就医者青睐[1]。通常是切除突出的皮下、前眶内脂肪组织以及多余的皮肤组织来达到美容效果。但眶内出血、血肿形成、视力损伤是其少见严重并发症。眶内血肿发生后可直接导致眶内压增加,挤压眼球及视神经,出现类似眶尖综合征表现[2]或发生视网膜中央动脉阻塞[3]导致视力下降。本次结合2例下睑袋整复术后眶内血肿伴视力受损患者的病历资料,分析其诊疗及预后情况。
1? 临床资料
1.1 病例1:女性,46岁,以“右睑袋术后4h,眼睑肿胀视物不清2h就诊”,于“美容机构”下睑袋术后约2h出现右眼肿胀疼痛、视力下降。专科查体(见图1):视力:右眼0.06(矫正不提高),左眼1.0;眼压:右眼31mmHg,左眼16mmHg;右下睑眶压增高(约T+2)。右眼下睑睫毛下方皮肤切口缝线可见,眼睑肿胀、睁开困难,眼球上转、外转受限,结膜下出血,角膜清,前房中深,房闪(+),瞳孔约5mm,RAPD(+),眼底视盘界清,色可,视网膜平伏,黄斑中反可见;左眼下睑睫毛下方皮肤切口缝线在位,伤口周略有肿胀,余检查未见明显异常。眼眶CT示(见图2):显示为眶内下方赤道前为主,密度较均匀的高密度影。视觉电生理:P-VEP/F-VEP幅值延长、峰值降低。诊断为:右眼眶内血肿,右眼视神经损伤,双下睑袋整复术后。
入院后给予局部冷敷,降眶压、止血等药物治疗,同时拆开皮肤切口缝线并探查出血原因,打开眶隔清理部分血凝块,见中外侧局部眶脂肪渗血,钳夹并结扎止血,逐层缝合眶隔及皮下组织、皮肤切口。此时眶压、眼压缓解,术后继续止血、甲强龙静滴(500mg/次,2次/d,共3d)抗炎、胞磷胆碱钠等营养神经等药物治疗,视力逐渐改善,1周后矫正视力0.6(-1.25DC),瞳孔4mm,光反射略迟钝。术后3周眼睑肿胀、瘀青均基本消退(见图3)。
1.2 病例2:女性,30岁,以“右睑袋术后13h,突发眼睑肿胀、视力下降约8h”就诊。于“美容机构”下睑袋术后约5h突发右眼肿胀(以下睑肿胀为著),眼睑睁开困难,伴疼痛、视力下降。5年前因先心病曾行“房间隔缺损修补术”。专科查体(见图4):视力:右眼0.1(矫正不提高),左眼矫正1.0;眼压:右眼22mmHg,左眼13mmHg;右下睑眶压增高(T+1),右眼下睑睫毛下方皮肤切口缝线在位,外下方切口张力大,眼睑肿胀、下睑略暗红瘀青,眼睑睁开困难,眼球上、下、外转不到位,球结膜充血水肿、脱出于睑裂区,角膜透明,前房中深,房闪(+),瞳孔约4mm,RAPD(+),眼底检查未见明显异常;左眼下睑睫毛下方皮肤切口缝线在位,伤口周略有肿胀,余检查未见明显异常。眼部B超均显示:右眼下方眶内球周积血。诊断为:右眼眶内血肿,右眼视神经损伤,双下睑袋整复术后。
患者拒绝打开皮肤切口探查出血原因,给予甘露醇降眶压(2次/d),酒石酸溴莫尼定眼液降眼压,余治疗用药基本同病例1。治疗当天无明显活动性眶周出血,眶压降低,眼睑肿胀减轻,视力好转;经3d治疗,眼球运动改善,瞳孔3.5mm,RAPD(-)。1周后视力0.4矫正0.8(-0.5DS/-0.75DC),视野:右眼视野缺损区范围缩小,仅表现为生理盲点扩大。随访2个月复查眼部B超(见图5),眶内残余积血均逐渐减少吸收;外观良好,约3周时眼睑肿胀、瘀青均基本消退(见图6)。
2? 讨论
下睑袋整复术是眼部常见美容手术,近年来为降低术后常见并发症如眼睑退缩、睑缘外翻等涌现多种改良术式[4-5]。但经皮肤切口除脂仍是常用的手术方式[6],切除突出的皮下、前眶内脂肪组织以及多余的皮肤组织来达到美容效果。眶内出血、血肿形成、视力损伤是少见严重并发症。因肌肉及脂肪组织中血管丰富,术中眼轮匝肌、脂肪止血或结扎不彻底,肾上腺素使用后反应性血管扩张因素等是术后出血主要原因[7]。眶内血肿直接导致眶内压增加,进而挤压眼球及视神经,出现类似眶尖综合征表现[2]或发生视网膜中央动脉阻塞[3]导致视力下降。
一旦发生眶内血肿需尽早在眼科医生协助下评估视功能损伤情况,在视功能无明显损伤情况下保守治疗,否则需及时探查及联合全身治疗[8],避免不可逆的视力丧失[9]。手术史结合影像学检查可协助明确诊断[10],尤其眼部B超方便观察血肿的变化情况。文中2例患者睑袋术后突发眼睑肿胀疼痛、眶压增高、眼球运动受限,配合影像检查明确存在眶内血肿,对视神经及眼球有挤压影响,使视神经及视网膜血循环受阻,故表现为视力下降、相对性传入性瞳孔障碍、视觉电生理VEP幅值降低等症状及体征。影像显示眼眶血肿位于下睑皮下、眶隔内、赤道前为主。病例1经探查发现出血原因并结扎渗血的脂肪血管,及时有效止血,清理血凝块的同时达到降低眶压及眼压的效果。病例2虽未知明确的引起出血的原因,因就诊时眶压及眼压增高不甚严重,及时用药后眶压和眼压可控,且视神经周围无明显积血,遵从患者拒绝手术探查的意愿,密切观察下给予局部冷敷联合药物止血、降眶压、降眼压等治疗后,症状缓解未再出现反复活动性出血。无论是探查清理止血或保守治疗均以降低眶压及眼压为目的,使眼球及视神经受压缓解,有利于改善视神经视网膜循环血量[11];甲强龙激素冲击可抗炎、消肿[12],快速改善眶周及视神经、视网膜的组织水肿和轴突的缺氧状态[13];配合营养神经治疗促进视功能恢复。保守治疗是有一定风险的,若此患者存在活动性出血加重现象,需及时和患者沟通行手术探查甚至眶壁切除,以降眶压保护视功能。
随着眼周美容需求的增高,微整形手术带来美的同时,更应严格规范围术期处置,一旦出现眶内血肿、视力受损等严重并发症,及时止血降眶压等救治是必须的,避免严重视功能损伤。
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[收稿日期]2019-10-17
本文引用格式:王颖维,胡丹,何艳茹.下睑袋整复术后眶内血肿伴视力受损修复效果探讨[J].中国美容医学,2020,29(9):4-6.