异种(猪)脱细胞真皮基质敷料联合创面薄化修复深Ⅱ度烧伤创面对机体炎症水平的影响
万能 杨卫玺 程宏宇 吴冬冬
[摘要]目的:探讨异种(猪)脱细胞真皮基质敷料联合创面薄化修复深Ⅱ度烧伤创面对患者炎症水平的影响。方法:选取笔者医院2017年8月-2019年4月收治的70例深Ⅱ度烧伤患者,依据随机数表法将患者分为观察组及对照组,两组各35例。观察组患者行异種(猪)脱细胞真皮基质敷料联合创面薄化,对照组患者行创面薄化。对比两组患者术前及术后24h血清TNF-α、IL-10及IL-6水平及不良反应发生率等情况。结果:两组患者治疗后TNF-α及IL-6水平较治疗前显著降低,IL-10水平较治疗前显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且治疗后观察组TNF-α及IL-6水平显著低于对照组,IL-10水平显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组并发症发生率为5.71%低于对照组的48.57%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=16.254,P<0.001)。观察组无瘢痕及瘢痕增生率为34.29% vs 65.71%,对照组无瘢痕及瘢痕增生率为5.71% vs 94.29%,组间比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.924,P=0.003)。观察组患者换药次数及愈合时间均少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:异种(猪)脱细胞真皮基质敷料联合创面薄化修复深Ⅱ度烧伤患者可有效降低机体血清TNF-α及IL-6的水平,增加血清抗炎因子IL-10水平,减轻患者伤后全身炎症反应综合征,减少严重并发症的发生。
[关键词]异种(猪)脱细胞真皮基质敷料;创面薄化;烧伤;深Ⅱ度;炎症水平;瘢痕
[中图分类号]R644? ? [文献标志码]A? ? [文章编号]1008-6455(2020)10-0057-04
Effect of Xenogeneic (Pig) Acellular Dermal Matrix Dressing Combined with Wound Thinning on Inflammatory Level in Patients with Deep Second Degree Burns
WAN Neng,YANG Wei-xi,CHENG Hong-yu,WU Dong-dong
(Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery,the Affiliated Huai`an No.1 Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,Huai`an 223300,Jiangsu,China)
Abstract: Objective? To investigate the effect of xenogeneic (pig) acellular dermal matrix dressing combined with thinning wounds on the inflammation level in patients with deep second degree burns. Methods? A total of 70 patients with deep second degree burns treated in our hospital from August 2017 to April 2019 were selected, and the patients were divided into observation group and control group according to the random number table method, with 35 patients in each group. Patients in the observation group were treated with xenogeneic (pig) decellularized dermal matrix dressings combined with thinning of the wound, and patients in the control group were treated with thinning. The serum levels of TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-6 and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups of patients before and after surgery. Results? After treatment, the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the two groups were significantly lower than before treatment, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). And the levels of IL-10 were significantly higher than before treatment (P<0.05). The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group, and the level of IL-10 in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The complication rate of the observation group was 5.71%, which was lower than 48.57% of the control group (χ2=16.254, P<0.001). The rate of no scar and scar hyperplasia in the observation group was 34.29% vs 65.71%, and that of the control group was 5.71% vs 94.29%, the difference was statistically significant (χ2=8.924, P=0.003). The times of dressing change and healing time in the observation group were less than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion? Xenogeneic (pig) acellular dermal matrix dressing combined with thinning wounds can effectively reduce the levels of serum TNF-α and IL-6 in patients with deep second degree burns, increase serum anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 levels, and reduce systemic inflammation response syndrome, reducing the occurrence of serious complications.
Key words: xenogeneic (pig) acellular dermal matrix dressing; thin wound; burn; deep second degree; inflammation level; scar
烧伤在临床上较为常见,其中,深Ⅱ度烧伤占据较大比例,常会伤及真皮网状层,并出现明显水疱[1]。据研究报道,患者预后情况与创面修复具有直接关系,因此创面修复情况成为临床上主要研究方向[2-3]。在烧伤治疗上常追求预防创面感染、缩短愈合时间等,采取合适的修复方式以使深Ⅱ度烧伤创面取得理想的修复情况[4]。在既往研究中发现异种(猪)脱细胞真皮基质作为一种暂时性创面覆盖物应用于严重烧伤创面时能获得较好的临床效果。本文旨在探讨异种(猪)脱细胞真皮基质敷料联合创面薄化对深Ⅱ度烧伤创面的修复效果及对炎症水平的影响,现报道如下。
1? 资料和方法
1.1 研究对象:选取笔者医院2017年8月-2019年4月收治的70例深Ⅱ度烧伤患者,依据随机数表法将患者分为观察组及对照组,各35例,所有患者烧伤部位均为四肢及躯干,两组一般资料比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),见表1。
1.2 排除及纳入标准
1.2.1 纳入标准:①所有患者均为伤后8h内入院;②未接受其他药物治疗;③患者无药物过敏史。
1.2.2 排除标准:①头面部严重烧伤者;②合并心、肺、肝、肾不全者;③合并自身免疫疾病者;④合并慢性疾病者;⑤合并精神、神经类疾病,认知沟通障碍者。
1.3 方法:观察组患者入院后进行简单的清创,使用含抗菌凝胶进行烧伤创面包扎、换药。待创面渗液减少后再次进行评估,对深Ⅱ度烧伤实施创面薄化联合异种(猪)脱细胞真皮基质敷料覆盖,清除表面腐皮及坏死物。根据不同部位使用不同磨削工具,将创面坏死组织去除,保留菲薄的、连续性不完整轻度变性真皮或受伤后已血管化的真皮组织。先行远端创面薄化,后行近端薄化;先后侧再前侧,以减少渗血情况的发生。使用异种(猪)脱细胞真皮基质敷料,每间隔10cm用11号手术刀打出1cm孔进行引流准备,无菌生理盐水进行反复冲洗3次。将合适面积及形状的异种(猪)脱细胞真皮基质敷料覆盖于薄化后的创面,保持适度张力,皮釘进行固定。取凡士林油纱及活力碘纱布进行覆盖,无菌纱布行多层加压包扎。术后使用抗生素,通过观察创面分泌物细菌培养结果调整用药,并予以营养支持。对渗透纱布进行更换,至异种(猪)脱细胞真皮基质敷料下方无积血积液后使用烧伤纱布进行包扎。通过红外烧伤仪器对烧伤部位进行每日两次,每次60min的照射,加快伤口干燥程度。对照组患者进行创面薄化,具体操作步骤依据观察组患者,并根据患者创面情况进行药物更换。使用红外线灯进行照射、避免创面受到压力等不利恢复外界因素。根据患者情况服用抗生素。
1.4 观察指标:抽取所有研究对象术前及术后24h外周静脉血3ml,测定患者TNF-α、IL-6及IL-10细胞因子含量。TNF-α采用放射免疫分析法,根据碘125 TNF-α放射免疫分析试剂盒说明书进行具体操作。IL-6及IL-10使用全自动化学发光分析法,依据IMMULITE 1000操作说明书进行具体试验操作。对患者进行为期6个月的瘢痕情况随访。
1.5 统计学分析:采用SPSS 23.0统计软件进行数据处理。炎症细胞因子水平等计量资料以均数±标准差(x?±s)表示,采用独立样本t检验;并发症例数、无瘢痕、瘢痕增生等计数资料以例数和百分率表示,采用χ2检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2? 结果
2.1 两组不同时间点炎症细胞因子水平比较:两组患者治疗后TNF-α及IL-6水平较治疗前显著降低,IL-10水平较治疗前显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且治疗后观察组患者TNF-α及IL-6水平显著低于对照组,IL-10水平显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表2。
2.2 两组换药次数及愈合时间比较:观察组患者换药次数及愈合时间均少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表3。
2.3 两组瘢痕增生情况比较:观察组患者无瘢痕及瘢痕增生率分别为34.29% vs 65.71%,对照组无瘢痕及瘢痕增生率为5.71% vs 94.29%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.924,P=0.003),见表4。
2.4 两组并发症发生情况比较:观察组并发症发生率为5.71%明显低于对照组的48.57%,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=16.254,P<0.001),见表5。典型病例见图1。
3? 讨论
在外界不良因素的刺激影响下,机体内环境会受到变化,主要表现为免疫系统激活及神经内分泌情况发生改变[5-6]。其中人体免疫系统主要出现为补体、单核/巨噬细胞、淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞等处于活化状态,并激活大量炎性细胞释放炎性介质,在炎性介质中会出现全身炎症反应综合征[7-8]。TNF-α是出现最早的一种关键性细胞因子,他在炎症反应中起关键性作用,可通过激活巨噬细胞及中性粒细胞,而诱导IL-1、IL-6等炎性细胞因子的产生[9]。据国内外文献报道,烧伤后患者体内TNF-α水平显著升高,烧伤后并发炎症反应综合征患者TNF-α水平显著高于未并发炎症反应综合征患者,且在炎症综合征患者中多发生多器官功能障碍综合征,死亡发生率较高[10-11]。烧伤后患者在内毒素及TNF-α等因素刺激下,单核/巨噬细胞、内皮细胞等可产生IL-6等细胞因子,使机体炎症反应进一步持续加强、放大[12]。IL-10主要是通过抑制前炎性细胞因子的合成,阻断伤后出现的细胞因子的级联反应,而导致抗炎作用[13-14]。