标题 | 骨化三醇对脊柱结核患者维生素D代谢和骨密度影响的研究 |
范文 | 章权 魏威 费骏
[摘要] 目的 探讨骨化三醇对脊柱结核患者血清25(OH)D3、1,25(OH)2D3含量和BMD的影响。 方法 2016年1月~2018年12月在浙江省中西医结合医院骨科就诊,诊断为脊柱结核的患者共60例随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组加用骨化三醇软胶囊。观察治疗后4周、8周25(OH)D3、1,25(OH)2D3含量和BMD的變化。 结果 治疗后4周、8周,治疗组25(OH)D3和1,25(OH)2D3含量分别为(14.05±4.60)ng/L、(16.00±4.92)ng/mL和(21.01±4.97)ng/L、(23.88±4.77)ng/L,高于对照组的(11.16±3.94)ng/L、(11.75±4.10)ng/mL和(19.34±6.09)ng/L、(18.75±6.29)ng/L,且在治疗后8周时,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后8周,治疗组腰椎和髋关节BMD分别为(0.96±0.28)g/cm2、(0.94±0.20)g/cm2,高于对照组的(0.81±0.19)g/cm2、(0.85±0.16)g/cm2,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论 在脊柱结核治疗过程中补充骨化三醇可以提高血清25(OH)D3、1,25(OH)2D3含量,提升BMD。 [关键词] 结核;脊柱;骨化三醇;25-羟化维生素D3;骨密度 [中图分类号] R587.1 ? ? ? ? ?[文献标识码] B ? ? ? ? ?[文章编号] 1673-9701(2020)26-0097-04 [Abstract] Objective To explore the effect of calcitriol on serum 25(OH)D3, 1, 25(OH)2D3 content and BMD in patients with spinal tuberculosis. Methods A total of 60 patients with spinal tuberculosis admitted to the Department of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine from January 2016 to December 2018 were randomly divided into treatment group and control group. The treatment group was supplemented with calcitriol soft capsule. The changes of 25(OH)D3, 1,25(OH)2D3 content and BMD were observed at 4 weeks and 8 weeks after treatment. Results At 4 and 8 weeks after treatment, the levels of 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 in the treatment group were(14.05±4.60) ng/mL, (16.00±4.92) ng/mL and (21.01±4.97) ng/mL, (23.88±4.77) ng/L, respectively, higher than (11.16±3.94) ng/mL, (11.75±4.10) ng/mL and (19.34±6.09) ng/mL, (18.75±6.29) ng/L in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant at 8 weeks after treatment(P<0.05). The BMD of lumbar vertebrae and hip joints in the treatment group were (0.96±0.28)g/cm2 and (0.94±0.20) g/cm2 respectively at 8 weeks after treatment, higher than(0.81±0.19)g/cm2, (0.85±0.16)g/cm2 in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion The addition of calcitriol during the treatment of spinal tuberculosis can increase serum 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 levels and increase BMD. [Key words] Tuberculosis; Spine; Calcitriol; 25-hydroxylated vitamin D3; Bone mineral density 世界卫生组织(WHO)报道[1],2017年全世界新发结核1010万人,我国新发病例约90万人,仅次于印度,位居全球30个结核病高负担国家的第二位。脊柱结核是结核病在脊柱的发病形式,是由于椎体被结核杆菌感染后造成骨质、椎间盘破坏,并进一步累及周围附件及椎旁肌肉,形成结核性脓肿的感染性疾病[2]。研究认为[3],结核患者血清25(OH)D3含量普遍偏低;反之,低水平的25(OH)D3亦与感染肺结核、活动性结核有着显著的相关性[4]。1,25(OH)2D3是维生素D(Vitamin D,Vit D)在体内起作用的活性形式。本研究通过对脊柱结核患者补充骨化三醇[1,25(OH)2D3],来探讨患者血清25(OH)D3、1,25(OH)2D3水平、骨密度(Bone mineral density,BMD)的相关性,现报道如下。 25(OH)D3為血清中多种VitD代谢产物中含量最多且最稳定的一种,其血清水平基本上代表了机体VitD含量,反映了由日光和膳食来源的VitD在体内的储备。目前前人研究一致的观点是[8]:血清25(OH)D3<30 nmol/L,为VitD缺乏;49.9 nmol/L>血清25(OH)D3≥30 nmol/L,为VitD不足;血清25(OH)D3≥50 nmol/L,为VitD充足。 1,25(OH)2D3是VitD的循环代谢产物,半衰期为4~15 h[9],是人体起作用的最高活性形式。研究认为,25(OH)D3有4 ng/L的改变时,1,25(OH)2D3即会有显著的升降[10]。本研究中以1,25(OH)2D3为主要成分的骨化三醇软胶囊,是一种活性VitD,相较于普通VitD,能直接与VitD受体结合,促进肠道和肾小管对钙、磷的吸收或直接作用于成骨细胞,更高效地提升血钙、血磷浓度[11],改善BMD,减少骨丢失,增强肌力,加强神经肌肉协调性,减轻关节周围软组织痛和骨痛,降低跌倒和骨折的发生率[12]。 脊柱结核患者由于长时间在室内卧床休息、口服多种药物,导致患者缺乏足够光照和足量运动、全身营养状况差,表现为血清1,25(OH)2D3、25(OH)D3含量和BMD偏低。甚至有研究认为[13],在结核病治疗过程中血清1,25(OH)2D3呈进行性下降。本研究中对照组1,25(OH)2D3含量下降不明显,可能与观察时间不够长有关;但是治疗组口服骨化三醇软胶囊4周、8周后,1,25(OH)2D3含量逐渐上升,且第8周时明显高于对照组和治疗前,说明口服骨化三醇可以提高血液中1,25(OH)2D3含量,为动员血钙吸收、沉积提供必要的浓度。结果同时显示,两组脊柱结核患者治疗前血清25(OH)D3含量均不足,但治疗组呈上升趋势,且两组差异有统计学意义。尽管补充骨化三醇对25(OH)D3缺乏的治疗本身是无效的[14],对于补充骨化三醇的患者,也不建议依据血清25OHD浓度调整药物剂量[15],本研究结果的这种差异可能与内环境VitD整体含量改变有关。 BMD又称骨骼矿物质密度,指单位体积或单位面积所含的骨量[16]。目前临床和科研常用的BMD测量方法是双能X线吸收检测法(Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry,DXA),也是被公认的检测BMD的金标准[17-18]。研究发现[19],老年患者口服骨化三醇与空白组比较,骨吸收明显减少。若联合双磷酸盐、降钙素等药物,可显著增加BMD,降低骨折风险[20]。本研究显示,由于病情持续,治疗8周,对照组腰椎和髋关节BMD有所下降;而治疗组因为补充骨化三醇,BMD变化并不明显。可见口服骨化三醇软胶囊,可以在一定程度上阻击脊柱结核治疗过程中骨量减少的问题。 综上所述,在脊柱结核治疗过程中补充骨化三醇是有意义的,可以在一定程度上提高血清25(OH)D3、1,25(OH)2D3含量,对抗结核治疗过程中1,25(OH)2D3下降的趋势,促进钙质在骨骼的沉积,提升BMD。 [参考文献] [1] World Health Organization.Global tuberculosis report 2017[M].Geneva World Health Organization,2017:1-81. 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