| 标题 | 高考英语真题演练—推断作者态度 |
| 范文 | 李华军 舒清海 作者的態度是指作者对某事物是持赞成、赞扬或支持的态度，还是持怀疑、批评或反对的态度，是持乐观、幽默、热情、羡慕或关切的态度，还是持厌恶、担忧、悲观、失望、沮丧或容忍的态度，还是持中立的态度。题干中常含attitude，具体提问方式有： What is the authors attitude towards...？（2017年全国Ⅲ卷） 解答这类题主要是用关键词推断法。 [典型例题] （2017年全国Ⅲ卷阅读C篇） 读下列选段，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个项中，选出最佳选项。 After years of heated debate， gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park ... Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States， but they were gradually displaced by human development ... The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results ... As early as 1966， biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park ... The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. ... The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well. ◇What is the authors attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project？ A. Doubtful.? ?B. Positive.? ?C. Disapproving.? ?D. Uncaring. 点拨：由最后一段最后一句“黄石引狼工程是帮助生物学家决定是否还要再引狼到别的地方的有价值的实验”可知，作者是持肯定态度的，故选B项。文中关键词是valuable。 [真题演练] 读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个项中，选出最佳选项。 全国卷（一） （2014年全国课标I卷阅读C篇）A typical lion tamer （驯兽师）in peoples mind is an entertainer holding a whip（鞭）and a chair. The whip gets all of the attention， but its mostly for show. In reality， its the chair that does the important work. When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lions face， the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time. With its focus divided， the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next. When faced with so many options， the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair. How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion？ How often do you have something you want to achieve（e. g. lose weight， start a business， travel more）—only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress？ This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best， the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information. The end result is that we feel like we cant focus or that were focused on the wrong things， and so we take less action， make less progress， and stay the same when we could be improving. It doesnt have to be that way. Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face， remember this： All you need to do is focus on one thing. You just need to get started. Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people. If you have somewhere you want to go， something you want to accomplish， someone you want to become... take immediate action. If youre clear about where you want to go， the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way. 1. Why does the lion tamer use a chair？ A. To trick the lion. B. To show off his skills. C. To get ready for a fight. D. To entertain the audience. 2. In what sense are people similar to a lion facing a chair？ A. They feel puzzled over choices. B. They hold on to the wrong things. C. They find it hard to make changes. D. They have to do something for show. 3. What is the authors attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3？ A. Tolerant.? ?B. Doubtful.? ?C. Respectful.? ?D. Supportive. 4. When the world is“waving a chair in your face”， youre advised to ________. A. wait for a better chance B. break your old habits C. make a quick decision D. ask for clear guidance（二） （2013年全國新课标I卷阅读C篇）It happened to me recently. I was telling someone how much I had enjoyed reading Barack Obamas Dreams From My Father and how it had changed my views of our President. A friend I was talking to agreed with me that it was， in his words，“a brilliantly（精彩地）written book”. However， he then went on to talk about Mr Obama in a way which suggested he had no idea of his background at all. I sensed that I was talking to a book liar. And it seems that my friend is not the only one. Approximately two thirds of people have lied about reading a book which they havent. In the World Book Days“Report on Guilty Secrets”， Dreams From My Father is at number 9. The report lists ten books， and various authors， which people have lied about reading， and as Im not one to lie too often（Id hate to be caught out）， Ill admit here and now that I havent read the entire top ten. But I am pleased to say that， unlike 42 percent of people， I have read the book at number one， George Orwells 1984. I think its really brilliant. The World Book Day report also has some other interesting information in it. It says that many people lie about having read Jane Austen， Charles Dickens， Fyodor Dostoevsky（I havent read him， but havent lied about it either）and Herman Melville. Asked why they lied， the most common reason was to“impress”someone they were speaking to. This could be tricky if the conversation became more in-depth！ But when asked which authors they actually enjoy， people named J. K. Rowling， John Grisham， Sophie Kinsella（ah， the big sellers， in other words）. Forty-two percent of people asked admitted they turned to the back of the book to read the end before finishing the story（Ill come clean： I do this and am astonished that 58 percent said they had never done so）. 1. How did the author find his friend a book liar？ A. By judging his manner of speaking. B. By looking into his background. C. By mentioning a famous name. D. By discussing the book itself. 2. Which of the following is a“guilty secret”according to the World Book Day report？ A. Charles Dickens is very low on the top-ten list. B. 42% of people pretended to have read 1984. C. The author admitted having read 9 books. D. Dreams From My Father is hardly read. 3. By lying about reading， a person hopes to _______. A. control the conversation ? ?B. appear knowledgeable C. learn about the book? ? ? ? ? ?D. make more friends 4. What is the authors attitude to 58% of readers？ A. Favorable.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. Uncaring. C. Doubtful.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. Friendly.（三） （2015年全國Ⅱ卷阅读A篇）My color television has given me nothing but a headache. I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldnt fit. I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model. I realized this a day later， when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventyfive dollars less than I had paid. The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night. Fortunately， I didnt get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed. Then I started developing a problem with the set that involved static（静电）noise. For some reason， when certain shows switched into a commercial， a loud noise would sound for a few seconds. Gradually， this noise began to appear during a show， and to get rid of it， I had to change to another channel and then change it back. Sometimes this technique would not work， and I had to pick up the set and shake it to remove the sound. I actually began to build up my arm muscles（肌肉）shaking my set. When neither of these methods removed the static noise， I would sit helplessly and wait for the noise to go away. At last I ended up hitting the set with my fist， and it stopped working altogether. My trip to the repair shop cost me $62， and the set is working well now， but I keep expecting more trouble. 1. Why did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set？ A. He got an older model than he had expected. B. He couldnt return it when it was broken. C. He could have bought it at a lower price. D. He failed to find any movie shows on it. 2. Which of the following can best replace the phrase “signed off”in Paragraph 1？ A. ended all their programs B. provided fewer channels C. changed to commercials D. showed all-night movies 3. How did the author finally get his TV set working again？ A. By shaking and hitting it. B. By turning it on and off. C. By switching channels. D. By having it repaired. 4. How does the author sound when telling the story？ A. Curious.? ? ?B. Anxious.? ? ?C. Cautious.? ? ?D. Humorous. 各省卷（四） （2014年安徽卷閱读E篇）You may not have heard of Ashoka， but for the past 27 years， this association， founded by Bill Drayton， has fought poverty（贫困）and sickness， promoted education and encouraged small businesses. To support these worthy causes， Ashoka provides money for the worlds most? promising “changemakers”seeking to solve（解决）urgent problems and would like to create a? world in which every citizen is a changemaker. Drayton believes that anyone can become an agent for change. The important thing is to simply give yourself permission. If you see a problem that you care about， you can help solve it. The young in particular are willing to accept this concept because at heart every child wants to grow into a happy， healthy， contributing adult. In fact， it is many young peoples ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions. An excellent example is an Ashoka project started in 1995 in Dhaka， which handled the rubbish problem facing the city， helped local farmers and provided an income for poor people there. When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish that lay in Dhakas streets， attracting rats and disease， they discovered that 80% of it was natural waste. So they educated the poor people in the city to compost （把……制成堆肥）this waste. They knew that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical fertilisers（化肥）which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years. At first， they were refused， but once they were able to persuade them that there was money to be made， the project took off. In 2009 sales were $14，000. Drayton is optimistic that in ten years Ashoka will be making really serious， practical progress in bringing about social change by changing the way we look at economic development. 1. Which of the following could be the best title for the passage？ A. Changemakers? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. Businessmen C. Social Conditions? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. Rubbish Problem 2. What does the underlined word“them”probably refer to in Paragraph 3？ A. the local farmers? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. Masqsood and Iftekhar C. Drayton and his team? ? ? ? ? ?D. the poor people in Dhaka 3. According to the passage， if you want to become a changemaker， what should you do？ A. Consider Draytons concept. B. Get permission from Ashoka. C. Try to improve social conditions. D. Be a young， happy and healthy adult. 4. What is the authors attitude towards Ashokas program？ A. Changing.? ? ?B. Forgiving.? ? ?C. Cautious.? ? ?D. Positive.（五） （2014年陜西卷阅读D篇）One afternoon last week， I saw three tearful children from my sons school being comforted by teachers. That morning， my 11-year-old had stomach pains， retching（干呕）into a bowl. Talking to other mothers later， I heard about other children with stomachache or difficulty sleeping the night before. What caused so much pain？ Sports day. Sports day might be necessary at a highly competitive independent school， but not at a village primary school. For the children who can fly like the wind， sports day causes no problem. For those who are overweight or just not good at sport， it is a nightmare（恶梦）. Even for those who enjoy running but fall halfway down the track in front of the entire school and their parents， it can prove a disaster. Why do we put our children through this annual suffering？ Some may say competition is character building; or its taking part， not winning， thats important; or that it is a tradition of school life. I just felt great pity for those children in tears or in pain. Team games at the end of sports day produced some close races， wild enthusiasm， lots of shouting—and were fun to watch. More importantly， the children who were not so fast or quick at passing the ball were hidden a little from everyones eyes. Some of them also had the thrill of being on the winning side. I wish that sports day could be abandoned and replaced with some other less competitive event. Perhaps an afternoon of team games， with a few races for those who want them， would be less stressful for the children and a lot more fun to watch. 1. What can we learn about the authors son from Paragraph 1？ A. He talked with some mothers. B. He comforted his classmates. C. He had difficulty in sleeping. D. He suffered from stomachache. 2. Why is Sports day still an annual event in this school？ A. This is an independent school. B. It is a tradition of the school. C. It helps children lose weight. D. Children enjoy watching sports. 3. What does the author think about team games？ A. They should include more stressful races. B. They are acceptable to different children. C. They should be abandoned at primary schools. D. They are less fun for those who love running. 4. What is the authors attitude towards sports day？ A. Critical.? ? ?B. Neutral.? ? ?C. Positive.? ? ?D. Ambiguous.（六） （2014年重慶卷阅读C篇）The idea of being able to walk on water has long interested humans greatly. Sadly， biological facts prevent us ever accomplishing such a thing without artificial aid——we simply weigh too much， and all our mass pushes down through our relatively small feet， resulting in a lot of pressure that makes us sink. However， several types of animals can walk on water. One of the most interesting is the common basilisk Basilicus basilicus， a lizard（蜥蜴）native to Central and South America. It can run across water for a distance of several meters， avoiding getting wet by rapidly hitting the waters surface with its feet. The lizard will take as many as 20 steps per second to keep moving forward. For humans to do this， wed need huge feet that we could bring up to our ears in order to create adequate“hitting.” But fortunately there is an alternative： cornflour. By adding enough of this common thickening agent to water（and it does take a lot ）， you can create a“non-Newtonian”liquid that doesnt behave like normal water. Now， if the surface of the water is hit hard enough， particles（粒子）in the water group together for a moment to make the surface hard. Move quickly enough and put enough force into each step， and you really can walk across the surface of an adequately thick liquid of cornflour. So trade-offs will have to be made. Some scenic spots will be sacrificed. Some species（物种）will be forced to move， or will be carefully moved to special accommodations. Deals will be struck to reduce the immediate effects. The lasting effects of these trade-offs are another matter. The 21st century development of the American West as an ideal place for alternative energy is going to throw off a lot of power and money in the region. There are chances for that power and money to do a lot of good. But it is just as likely that they will be spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind， just like the railroads and the highways. The money set aside in negotiated trade-offs and the institutions that control it will shape the West far beyond the immediate footprint of power plants and transmission lines. So lets remember the effects of the railroads and the highways as we construct these new power plants in the West. 1. What was the problem caused by the construction of the railways？ A. Small towns along the railways became abandoned. B. Some railroad stops remained underused. C. Land in the West was hard to manage. D. Land grants went into private hands. 2. What is the major concern in the development of alternative energy according to the last two paragraphs？ A. The transmission of power. B. The use of money and power. C. The conservation of solar energy. D. The selection of an ideal place. 3. What is the authors attitude towards building solar plants？ A. Cautious.? ?B. Approving.? ?C. Doubtful.? D. Disapproving. 4. Which is the best title for the passage？ A. How the Railways Have Affected the West B. How Solar Energy Could Reshape the West C. How the Effects of Power Plants Can Be Reduced D. How the Problems of the Highways Have Been Settled（八） （2013年北京卷閱读C篇）Does Fame Drive You Crazy？ Although being famous might sound like a dream come true， todays stars， feeling like zoo animals， face pressures that few of us can imagine. They are at the center of much of the worlds attention. Paparazzi（狗仔队）camp outside their homes， cameras ready. Tabloids（小报）publish thrilling stories about their personal lives. Just imagine not being able to do anything without being photographed or interrupted for a signature！ According to psychologist Christina Villarreal， celebrities—famous people—worry constantly about their public appearance. Eventually， they start to lose track of who they really are， seeing themselves the way their fans imagine them， not as the people they were before everyone knew their names.“Over time，”Villarreal says，“they feel separated and alone.” The phenomenon of tracking celebrities has been around for ages. In the 4th century B.C.， painters followed Alexander the Great into battle， hoping to picture his victories for his admirers. When Charles Dickens visited America in the 19th century， his sold-out readings attracted thousands of fans， leading him to complain（抱怨）about his lack of privacy. Tabloids of the 1920s and 1930s ran articles about film-stars in much the same way that modern tabloids and websites do. Being a public figure today， however， is a lot more difficult than it used to be. Superstars cannot move about without worrying about photographers with modern cameras. When they say something silly or do something ridiculous， there is always the Internet to spread the news in minutes and keep their“story”alive forever. If fame is so troublesome， why arent all celebrities running away from it？ The answer is there are still ways to deal with it. Some stars stay calm by surrounding themselves with trusted friends and family or by escaping to remote places away from big cities. They focus not on how famous they are but on what they love to do or whatever made them famous in the first place. Sometimes a few celebrities can get a little justice. Still， even stars who enjoy full justice often complain about how hard their lives are. They are tired of being famous already. 1. What can be learned from the passage？ A. Stars today are often misunderstood by the public. B. Stars today can no longer have their privacy protected. C. Stars today spend too much on their public appearance. D. Stars today care little about how they have come into fame. 2. What is the main idea of Paragraph 3？ A. Great heroes of the past were generally admired. B. The problem faced by celebrities has a long history. C. Well-known actors are usually targets of tabloids. D. Works of popular writers often have a lot of readers. 3. What makes it much harder to be a celebrity today？ A. Availability of modern media. B. Inadequate social recognition. C. Lack of favorable chances. D. Huge population of fans. 4. What is the authors attitude toward modern celebrity？ A. Sincere.? ?B. Sceptical.? C. Disapproving.? D. Sympathetic.（九） （2008年浙江卷閱读D篇）For a while， my neighborhood was taken over by an army of joggers（慢跑者）. They were there all the time： early morning， noon， and evening. There were little old ladies in gray sweats， young couples in Adidas shoes， middle-aged men with red faces.“Come on！”My friend Alex encouraged me to join him as he jogged by my house every evening.“Youll feel great.” Well， I had nothing against feeling great and if Alex could jog every day， anyone could. So I took up jogging seriously and gave it a good two months of my life， and not a day more. Based on my experience， jogging is the most overvalued form of exercise around， and judging from the number of the people who left our neighborhood jogging army. Im not alone in my opinion. First of all， jogging is very hard on the body. Your legs and feet a real pounding（重擊）ruining down a road for two or three miles. I developed foot， leg， and back problems. Then I read about a nationally famous jogger who died of a heart attack while jogging， and I had something else to worry about. Jogging doesnt kill hundreds of people， but if you have any physical weaknesses， jogging will surely bring them out， as they did with me. Secondly， I got no enjoyment out of jogging. Putting one foot in front of the other for forty-five minutes isnt my idea of fun. Jogging is also a lonely pastime. Some joggers say，“I love being out there with just my thoughts”Well， my thoughts began to bore me， and most of them were on how much my legs hurt. And how could I enjoy something that brought me pain？ And that wasnt just the first week： it was practically every day for two months. I never got past the pain level， and pain isnt fun. What a cruel way to do it！ So many other exercises， including walking， lead to almost the same results painlessly， so why jog？ I dont jog any more， and I dont think I ever will. Im walking two miles three times a week at a fast pace， and that feels good. I bicycle to work when the weather is good. Im getting exercise， and Im enjoying it at the same time. I could never say the same for jogging， and Ive found a lot of better ways to stay in shape. 1. From the first paragraph， which of the following is true in the writers neighborhood？ A. Jogging became very popular. B. People jogged only during the daytime. C. Alex organized an army of joggers. D. Jogging provided a chance to get together. 2. What was the writers attitude towards jogging in the beginning？ A. He felt it was worth a try. B. He was very fond of it. C. He was strongly against it. D. He thought it must be painful. 3. What does the underlined word“them”（Paragraph 3） most probably refer to？ A. Heart attacks.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. Back problems. C. Famous joggers.? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. Physical weaknesses. 4. Why did the writer give up jogging two months later？ A. He disliked doing exercise outside. B. He found it neither healthy nor interesting. C. He was afraid of having a heart attack. D. He was worried about being left alone.（十） （2012年北京卷阅读D篇）Wilderness “In wilderness（荒野）is the preservation of the world.” This is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism. The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection： whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved. As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out， there is a strong appeal in images of the wild， the untouched; more than anything else， they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly. The urge to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong， and the danger exploitation（開发）brings to such landscapes（景观）is real. Some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans need——the rainforests， for example， store carbon in vast quantities. To Mr. Sauven， these“ecosystem services”far outweigh the gains from exploitation. Lee Lane， a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute， takes the opposing view. He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services， such as water conservation. But that is not， he argues， a reason to avoid all human presence， or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation. There are ever more people on the Earth， and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives， rather than merely struggle for survival. While the ways of using resources have improved， there is still a growing need for raw materials， and some wildernesses contain them in abundance. If they can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide， the argument goes， there is no further reason not to do so. Being untouched is not， in itself， a characteristic worth valuing above all others. I look forwards to seeing these views taken further， and to their being challenged by the other participants. One challenge that suggests itself to me is that both cases need to take on the question of spiritual value a little more directly. And there is a practical question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited without harm. This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings， but also the guidance of reason. What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves much more serious thinking. 1. John Sauven holds that _________. A. many people value nature too much B. exploitation of wildernesses is harmful C. wildernesses provide humans with necessities D. the urge to develop the ecosystem services is strong 2. What is the main idea of Para. 3？ A. The exploitation is necessary for the poor people. B. Wildernesses cannot guarantee better use of raw materials. C. Useful services of wildernesses are not the reason for no exploitation. D. All the characteristics concerning the exploitation should be treated equally. 3. What is the authors attitude towards this debate？ A. Objective.? ? ? ? ? ? B. Disapproving. C. Sceptical.? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. Optimistic.（十一） （2012年安徽卷阅读C篇）When Frida Kahlos paintings were on show in London， a poet described her paintings as“a ribbon（丝带）around a bomb”. Such comments seem to suggest Kahlo had a big influence on the art world of her time. Sadly， she is actually a much bigger name today than she was during her time. Born in 1907 in a village near Mexico City， Kahlo suffered from polio（小儿麻痹症）at the age of seven. Her spine（脊柱）become bent as she grew older. Then， in 1925， her back was broken in several places in a school-bus accident. Throughout the rest of her life， the artist had many operations， but noting was able to cure the terrible pain in her back. However， the accident had an unexpected side effect. While lying in her bed recovering， Kahlo taught herself to paint. In 1929， she got married to Diego Rivera， another famous Mexican artist. Riveras strong influences on Kahlos style can be seen in her early works， but her later works from the 1940s， known today as her best works， show less influence from her husband. Unfortunately， her works did not attract much attention in the 1930s and1940s， even in her home country. Her first one-woman show in Mexico was not held until 1953. For more than a decade after her death in 1954， Kahlos works remained largely unnoticed by the world， but in the 1970s her works began to gain international fame（名聲）at last. 1. What does the phrase“a much bigger name”in paragraph 1 most nearly mean？ A. a far better artist? ? ? ? ? ? B. a for more gifted artist C. a much stronger person? ? D. a much more famous person 2. The terrible pain Kahlo suffered was caused by A. polio? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. her bent spine C. back injuries? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. the operations she had 3. Kahlos style had become increasingly independent since the A. 1930s? ? ? ?B. 1940s? ? ? ? C. 1950s? ? D. 1970s 4. What is authors attitude toward Kahlo？ A. Devotion.? ?B. Sympathy.? ?C. Worry.? ?D. Encouragement. 參考答案与解析 （一）夹叙夹议。作者通过驯兽表演的例子向人们阐述人生的道理。当人们遇到各种选择时，也会像狮子一样，不知何去何从，影响人们的进步。也警示我们，一定要专注一件事，面对多种选择，要当机立断，采取行动。 1. A 理解概括题。第一段的最后三句，“当驯狮者拿一把椅子在狮子面前时，狮子会努力同时关注椅子的四条腿。狮子的注意力分散了，它就变得迷茫，不知该做什么。狮子面临多种选择时，只好呆着等待，而不会去攻击拿椅子的人”，可见驯狮者用椅子的目的是迷惑狮子，to trick the lion， 故选A项。 2. A 细节理解题。由第二段，特别是“only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress （人们面临多种选择时，结果会感到困惑，停止不前）”可知， 选A项。其中confused与puzzled同义。 3. B 作者态度题。由第三段“while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best， the people...are left confused by all of the conflicting information. The end result is that...stay the same when we could be improving （当所有专家在辩论哪种选择最好时，这些互相矛盾的信息把人们弄得困惑，结果本可以有进展的却停止不前）”可以推知， 作者对专家的建议是持怀疑态度的， 故选doubtful。关键词有upsets， confused， conflicting， cant focus， wrong等。 4. C 理解概括题。由最后一段中的“focus on one thing...get started... take immediate action （专注一件事……马上开始……立即行动）”可推知， 作者建议我们在面对很多选择时， 要快速抉择（make a quick decision），故选C项。 （二）作者通过与朋友聊天引出本文的话题book liar，列举了大家谎称读了实际未读的书目，以及大家喜欢的一些作家，并阐述了人们撒谎的最常见的理由。 1. D 细节理解题。由第一段最后二句，即表转折的however后的句子可知，作者跟他的朋友深谈书的内容时发现朋友的说话方式暗示出朋友其实并没有读过这本书，他对奥巴马的背景一点都不知晓。故选D项。 2. B 推理判断题。由第二段倒数第二句表转折的But后内容“But I am pleased...George Orwells 1984.”可知，作者读过George Orwell的《1984》这本书，而百分之四十二的人却没读过。故选B项。 3. B 细节理解题。由四段第一句“Asked why they lied ... speaking to.”可知，人们之所以选择撒谎是想让对方觉得自己知识渊博，从而给对方一个好的印象。故选B项。 4. C 作者态度题。由最后一段的最后一句“我坦诚地说，在故事结束前我翻到书末看故事结尾，我对58%的人说他们从来没有这样做感到吃惊”可知，作者对这58%的人所说的话的真实性表示怀疑。故选C项。关键词是astonished。“赞同的”“不关心的”“友好的”显然不符。 （三）作者以幽默的口吻讲述了他购买彩电后不久出现故障及如何排除故障的故事。 1. C 推理判断题。由第一段第三、四句“I let a salesclerk fool me...when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid.”可知，作者认为他买电视机被骗是因为他从报纸上得知那种电视机的价格比他所付的少75美元，即他本可以更低价格买到却多花了钱，故选C项。A项言不符实;B项无中生有;D项颠倒黑白。 2. A 词义猜测题。由划线词后一句，即第一段最后一句“Fortunately， I didnt get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.”可推断前句意为“我一直看到电视台停止播放节目为止”，故选A项“结束所有的电视节目”。 3. D 细节理解题。由文章最后一句“My trip to the repair shop cost me $62， and the set is working well now”可知选D项“请人把它修好了”。 4. D 作者态度题。本题看起来是问作者讲述故事的语气，其实语气也体现了作者对待电视机出现的问题的态度。第二段末句“I actually began to build up my arm muscles（肌肉） shaking my set（用摇晃和敲打来消除静电噪音，手臂肌肉开始逐步增强起来）”和文尾“but I keep expecting more trouble （但我期望出现更多问题）”等，体现了作者幽默的叙述手法，故选D项。其余选项不符：curious好奇的;anxious焦虑的;cautious小心的。 （四）比尔·德雷顿创办了爱创家组织，该协会一直与贫困和疾病作斗争，促进教育并鼓励小企业创业，他乐观地认为，通过改变我们看待经济发展的方式，十年内爱创家就能在改变社会上取得实质性的进展。 1. A 主旨要义题。由第一段最后一句可知，为了支持有价值的事业，爱创家为最有前景的“changemakers”提供资金，并且鼓励大家都做“changemakers”，且文章始终围绕“changemakers”该词展开，因此选项A最适合做文章标题。 2. D 细节理解题。由第三段第二句“So they educated the poor people in the city to compost（把……制成堆肥）this waste.”可知，他们教城市里的穷人把这些废弃物制成堆肥，因此此处的“them”是指生活在Dhaka城里的穷人，故选D项。 3. C 推理判断题。由第二段中的“In fact it is many young peoples ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions.”可知，很多年轻人有志于发起提高社会条件的项目或事业，因此，如果你想成为“changemakers”，你应该尝试去提高社会条件，故选C项。 4. D 作者态度题。由最后一段，特别是“Drayton is optimistic that in ten years Ashoka will be making really serious， practical progress”可知对于Ashoka该项目，作者是持积极乐观态度的，故选D项。 （五）作者通过一次孩子运动后的表现， 对当今的体育活动提出了自己的看法。 1. D 细节理解题。根据短文第一段第二句“That morning， my 11-year-old had stomach pains...”可知答案为D项。 2. B 细节理解题。根据短文第三段倒数第二句中的“or that it is a tradition of school life”可知答案为B项。 3. B 细节理解题。由短文第四段最后两句“More importantly， the children who were not so fast or quick at passing the ball... Some of them also had the thrill of being on the winning side”可知，team games 为不同的孩子接受，所以B项正确。 4. A 作者态度题。根据短文最后一段第一句“I wish that sports day could be abandoned and replaced with some other less competitive event”可知，作者不贊同sports day，所以A项critical（批判的）正确。其他三项含义：neutral 中立的;positive 赞同的;ambiguous 模棱两可的。 （六）人们一直对水上行走能力非常感兴趣，但生物学限制让我们无法在不借助人工辅助的前提下完成这件事。本文提出了通过添加足够多的玉米粉使水面变硬的方式实现人们在水面行走，这个想法理论上可行但不切实际。 1. B 细节理解题。由第一段第二句“Sadly， biological facts prevent us ever accomplishing such a thing without artificial aid”可知，由于生物学限制，人们无法实现水上行走，故选B项。 2. C 细节理解题。由第二段第三、四句“It can run across water for a distance of several meters， avoiding getting wet by rapidly hitting the waters surface with its feet. The lizard will take as many as 20 steps per second to keep moving forward.”可知，蜥蜴能通过用脚迅速拍打水面在水上行走数米而不被水打湿，它能以每秒20步的速度保持前行。由此可见，蜥蜴能通过快速拍打水面穿越水面，故选C项。 3. A 细节理解题。由第三段第二句“By adding enough of this common thickening agent to water（and it does take a lot ），you can create a‘non-Newtonianliquid that doesnt behave like normal water.”可知，通过向水中添加足够的普通增稠剂，你就可以创造一种表现与正常水不同的“非牛顿”液体。因此玉米粉的作用是使液体变稠，故选A项。 4. D 作者态度题。由最后一段第一句“Fun though all this may sound， its still rather messy and better read about in theory than carried out in practice.”可知，作者认为在水上行走这个想法理论上可行但不切实际，故选D项。 （七）本文是一篇说明文，主要说明了一种新的太阳能电力系统如何或好或坏地影响美国西部地区。 1. C 细节理解题。由第二段第一、二句，特别是“and in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management.”可知，土地所有权给土地管理工作带来了极大的挑战，故选C项。A项，铁路沿线的一些小城镇被荒废是由于随后到来的洲际公路系统的建设，而非铁路;B项，在文章并未提及到;D项，政府批地进入私人手中是为了铁路建设，其结果是使公有土地与私有土地交叉存在。 2. B 细节理解题。由倒数第二段最后两句“There are chances for that power and money to do a lot of good. But it is just as likely that they will be spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind， just like the railroads and the highways.”可知，在替代性能源的使用方面主要担心的是钱和能源的使用，因为它们可能被白白浪费，然后留下新的問题，选项B正确。 3. A 作者态度题。作者由铁路和高速公路在美国西部建设过程中出现的好和坏的影响来说明solar plants在西部建设也会出现同样的问题，由此可看出作者并非一味地赞同或反对，而是持着“谨慎的（Cautious）”态度，故选A项。 4. B 主旨要义题。本文主要说明了一种新的太阳能电力系统如何或好或坏地影响美国西部地区，因此本文的主旨是太阳能电力系统如何重塑美国西部地区，故选B项。 （八）本文讲述的是名人们光鲜背后由于备受关注而带来的烦恼，以及处理这些烦恼的方法，并以此引发读者思考。 1. B 细节理解题。由第一段第二、三句“They are at the center of much of the worlds attention. Paparazzi（狗仔队）camp outside their homes， cameras ready. Tabloids（小报）publish thrilling stories about their personal lives.”可知，名人是世界广泛关注的焦点，狗仔队在他们家门口安营扎寨，架好摄像机严阵以待，常有小报刊刊登关于他们私人生活的消息。由此可见他们毫无隐私可言，故选B项。 2. B 段落大意题。第三段第一句“The phenomenon of tracking celebrities has been around for ages.”为本段的主题句，即跟踪名人的现象由来已久，故选B项。 3. A 细节理解题。由第四段内容可知，作为公众人物，一旦他们说了什么傻话或是做了什么荒唐之事，互联网总会在短时间内将新闻迅速传播并永久存留。由此可见，现代媒体的运用使得名人的生活过得越来越难，故选A项。 4. D 作者态度题。通读全文，可以看出，作者在文中多出使用“worry”“complain”“more difficult”“troublesome”“are tired of”等字眼来描述名人们的生活状态。而且作者把记者称之为“Paparazzi （狗仔）”。可见作者对名人们的遭遇表示“同情”，而并非是“忠诚的”“怀疑的”或“不赞成的”，故选D项。 （九）本文通过作者的亲身经历引发了对慢跑的思考和议论，并非每个人都喜欢慢跑的。 1. A 细节理解题。由第一段第一、二句中的“my neighborhood was taken over by an army of joggers（慢跑者）. They were there all the time： early morning， noon， and evening.”可知，“我”附近的地区被一大群慢跑者占据了，他们早晨、中午和晚上都在那里，说明慢跑的人特别多，而且他们热衷于慢跑，由此可见，在作者的邻居看来，慢跑很流行，故选A项。 2. A 作者态度题。关键在于看清题干中的“in the beginning”，由第二段第一、二句“Well， I had nothing against feeling great and if Alex could jog every day， anyone could. So I took up jogging seriously and gave it a good two months of my life”可知，在开始的时候，作者认真对待慢跑，想试着跑两个月，故选A项。 3. D 推理判断题。解答此类题关键是读前文或后几句，由第三段最后一句，特别是“if you have any physical weaknesses， jogging will surely bring them out.”可知，如果你有任何“physical weaknesses”，慢跑会把它们带出来，因此此处的them指代前面的“physical weaknesses”，故选D项。 4. B 推理判断题。由第三段首句“First of all， jogging is very hard on the body.”及第四段首句“Secondly， I got no enjoyment out of jogging.”可知，作者发现慢跑对身体不好，而且从慢跑中也得不到乐趣，所以作者在两个月后放弃了慢跑，故选B项。 （十）本文是一篇议论文，文章围绕“是否要将荒野置于环境保护的中心”这一话题展开讨论。 1. B 推理判断题。由第二段最后一句“To Mr. Sauven， these‘ecosystem servicesfar outweigh the gains from exploitation.”可知，Mr. Sauven认为这些“生态系统服务”远比开发利用所获取的利益要大得多，由此可推断他的观点是开发荒野有害，故选B项。 2. C 细节理解题。由第三段二、三句“ He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services， such as water conservation. But that is not， he argues， a reason to avoid all human presence， or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation.”可知，Lee Lane承认荒野确实提供了诸如水资源保护之类的有用资源，但那不是避开所有人类存在或商业和工业开发的理由。即他认为荒野确实重要，但不能成為阻止人们开发荒野的理由，故选C项。 3. A 推理判断题。由倒数第二段可知，作者并没有说上述的两种观点哪个更合理，只是建议两种观点都需要考虑精神价值的问题，由此可见作者对于荒野利用的讨论只是作出了一个“客观的（objective）”评价，故选A项。 （十一）本文是一篇人物传记，介绍了墨西哥著名画家佛里达·卡罗的人生经历及遭遇。 1. D 推理判断题。由第一段的“Such comments seem to suggest Kahlo had a big influence on the art world of her time. Sadly， she is actually a much bigger name today than she was during her time.”可知，这样的评论似乎暗示卡罗在她所处的年代对艺术界有着巨大影响，令人悲伤的是，实际上她今天要比她所在的年代a much bigger name，由“Sadly”一词可推断，应该是指她的影响力应该不止如此，应该比她所在的年代的影响力还要大，故选D项。此外，也可根据常识做此题，一个人去世后，她的能力（A项）、天赋（B项）、身体强壮程度（C项）是不会发生变化，改变的只是人们对她的评价和了解而已，故可推断此处指她的名气更大。 2. C 细节理解题。由第二段第三、四句“Then， in 1925， her back was broken in several places in a school-bus accident. Throughout the rest of her life， the artist had many operations， but noting was able to cure the terrible pain in her back.”可知，在一场事故中她的背部多处受伤，在她的余生里，这位艺术家接受了多次手术，但都未能治愈她背部那可怕的伤痛，故选项C正确。 3. B 细节理解题。由第三段最后一句“but her later works from the 1940s， known today as her best works， show less influence from her husband.”可知，她后来在二十世纪四十年代创作的作品中，她丈夫对其作品的影响力减少了，即卡罗的风格变得独立是在1940s，故选B项。 4. B 推理判断题。由最后一段首句“Unfortunately， her works did not attract much attention in the 1930s and1940s， even in her home country.”可知，她的作品在二十世纪三十年代和四十年代并没有得到太多的关注，即便是在她的祖国，作者用了“Sadly（在第一段）”“Unfortunately”等词可见作者认为在有生之年其作品未能受到应有的关注是不幸的、可悲的，由此可推断作者对其遭遇感到同情，故选B项。 |
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