《“主谓一致”剖析》-教育论文，英语论文-论文范文参考-科学狗论文网

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标题

“主谓一致”剖析

范文

Jenny

趋势解读

主谓一致是英语语言中特有的语法现象，受汉语影响，初中生容易忽视而导致错误，这就要求大家掌握好这一知识点。

思维引导精彩笔记1 语法一致原则

（1）当主语是单数形式时，谓语动词用单数形式

（2）主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式

（3）“名词+but /except /besides /with /as well as+名词”作主语时，谓语动词在人称和数上与第一个名词保持一致。

▲核心题根1

—How many people are there in your group？

—Four. Three boys_____ in our group this time.

A.is

B.are

C.were

D.was

思路点拨：此题主语three boys为复数，时间为现在，故be动词应为现在时的复数形式。

▲易错警示

如果主语由“a number of+复数名词”构成，谓语动词要用复数形式，意思为“许多的……”;而“the number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式，意思为“……的数量”。

A number of our school students are going to visit the Great Wall.我们学校有许多学生要去游览长城。

The number of our school students is about 1，000.我们学校的学生人数大约为一千人。

精彩笔记2：就近一致的原则

就近一致的原则是指谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式，取决于最靠近它的主语。具体情况见下表：

▲核心题根2

Neither the headmaster nor the teachers____take a vacation next week.

A. were going to

B. is going to

C. was going to

D. are going to

思路点拨：此题考查主谓一致，由neither…，nor…连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数与nor后的主语的数保持一致，the teachers为复数，谓语动词应用相应形式，又时间为nextweek，故用一般将来时，可知答案。

▲方法技巧

（1）熟记就近原则这一语法点的常见结构。

（2）明确各类主语的单、复数。精彩笔记3：意义一致的原则

意义一致是指句中谓语动词的数取决于主语的意义为单数还是复数，主语意义为单数，谓语动词也用单数形式;主语意义为复数，谓语动词也用复数形式。

▲核心题根2

（1）①Can you make it cheaper？ Ten dollars____（be） too dear.

②Twenty years____（be） not a long time.

思路點拨：“ten dollars”和“twenty years”在形式上是复数，但是作为价格或者时间时是一个整体，意义上是单数，其后的谓语也用单数。

（2） My family____a big family. My family____watching TV.（be）

思路点拨：①family是集合名词，意为“家庭”时是一个整体，视为单数：意为“家庭成员”时是集合名词，视为复数。②句意：我的家是个大家庭。我们一家人正在看电视。

（3） All of the work____been finished. All of the people____gone. （have）

思路点拨：考查不定代词all作主语。句意：所有的工作已经被做完了。所有的人都走了。在前一句中，all代表不可数名词the work，故其后的谓语动词用单数;在后一句中，all代表the people，是集合名词，为复数，其后的谓语用复数。

（4） Who______your brother？ Who______league members？（be）

思路点拨：考查疑问代词作主语时的主谓一致，who既可以指代单数也可以指代复数。“your brother”是单数，句意为“谁是你的哥哥”，在第二句中who是复数，指代league members。

（5） I have read a large part of the book the rest______（be） more difficult.Only ten students attented the class because the rest______（be） off sick.

思路点拨：the rest意为“其余的人或事”，既可指代单数意义，也可指代复数的人或事，取决于具体的语境。根据句意“这本书我已经看了大部分，其余的部分更难了”，可知“剩下的部分（the rest）”是单热而后面一句中的the rest指“十个之外的所有学生”，表示复数意义。

（6） The dead______a famous person.（be）

The poor______very happy but the rich______sad.（be）

思路点拨：考查“the+形容词”指代人时单复数的问题。①句意：死的那个人（thedead，指代某一个人）是个名人。穷人们（the poor，泛指一类人）很开心，但富人们（therich指一类人）却很难过。②“the+形容词”指具体某个人（或物）时是单数，泛指某类人或物时是复数。

▲知识归纳

（1）表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语用单数。

（2）有些集合名词，如family，team等作主语时：作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数;指其中每个成员，用复数。

（3）由不定代词all，most，some，any，none等作主语时：代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语用单数;代词代表复数可数名词，谓语用复数。

（4）疑问代词作主语时：主语表示单数意义，谓语用单数;主语表示复数意义，谓语用复数。

（5） half，the rest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时：主语表示单数意义，谓语用单数;主语表示复数意义，谓语用复数。

（6）以“定冠词+形容词（或分词）”作主语时：指的是一个人或抽象概念，谓语用单数;指的是一类人，谓语用复数。

▲方法技巧

（1）熟记常见意义一致的主语常见结构。

（2）分析主语的重心所在，即主语中的中心词。

（3）关注集体名词所表达的不同意义，从而确定其数。

练习

（） 1. No one in the school but Tom and l_____that the music festival-Wake Up isgoing to be held next Sunday.

A. knows

B. know

C. have known

D. am to know

（） 2. Tom together with his two sisters， _____.

A. has seated

B. has been seated

C. have seated

D. have been seated

（） 3. —Has Donnie finished reading the novel？

—Not yet. There_____still_____of it left.

A. is; three fourths

B. are; three fourth

C. is; third fourths

D. are; three fourths

（） 4. There_____a number of animals in the zoo. The number of them_____two thousand.

A. is; are

B. are; is

C. is; is

D. are; are

（） 5. E-mail， as well as telephones， _____an important part indailycommunication.

A. is playing

B. have played

C. are playing

D. play

（） 6. She is one of the few girls who_____in the kindergarten.

A. is well paid

B. are well paid

C. is paying

D. are paid well

（） 7. What I say and think_____nothing to do with you.

A. is

B. has

C. are

D. have

（） 8. All the scientific evidence_____that increasing use of chemicals in farming _____damaging our health.

A. show; are

B. shows; are

C. show; is

D. shows; is

（） 9. The basketball coach as well as his team，_____interviewed shortly afterthe match for their outstanding performance.

A. were

B. was

C. is

D. are

（） 10. The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials the rest of which_____saved for other purposes.

A. is

B. are

C. was

D. were

（） 11. One third of the country_____covered with trees and the majority of thecitizens_____black people.

A. is; are

B. is; is

C. are; are

D. are; is

（） 12. Listening to loud music at rock concerts_____caused hearing loss insome teenagers.

A. is

B. are

C. has

D. have

（） 13. Such poets as Shakespeare（莎士比亞）_____widely read of whose workshowever， some_difficult to understand.

A. are; are

B. is; is

C. are; is

D. is; are

（） 14. It is reported that many a new house_____at present in the disaster area.

A. are being built

B. were being built

C. was being built

D. is being built

（） 15. Either you or one of your students_____to attend the meeting that is duetomorrow.

A. are

B. is

C. have

D. be

参考答案：核心题根1：核心题根2：D 核心题根3：（1）is; is （2）is; are （3）has; have（4）is; are （5）is; were （6）is;are;are

课后练习 1-5 ABABA 6-10 BBDBD 11-15 ACADB

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