| 单词 | judge |
| 释义 | judge noun¹ 1applies the law运用法律adjective | verb + judge | judge + verb adjective➤experienced (especially bre) 资深法官▸➤learned (especially bre) 博学的法官▸➤senior高级法官▸➤presiding, trial审判长；承审法官▸➤deputy (bre) 助理法官▸➤appeal, appellate, circuit, county, district, federal上诉法官；巡回法院法官；郡县法官；地区法院法官；联邦法官▸➤appeal-court, circuit-court, county-court, district-court上诉法院／巡回法院／郡县法院／地区法院法官▸➤high court (in the uk) , supreme court (in the us) 高等法院／最高法院法官➤bankruptcy, immigration (both name) 破产／移民法官➤unelected (especially name) 非选举产生的法官➤activist, conservative, liberal (all name) 积极的／保守的／开明的法官◆she has a reputation as a liberal, activist judge.作为一名法官，她以思想开明、表现积极而著称。verb + judge➤be, sit as作为／担任法官◆by next year you could be sitting as a high court judge.到明年你可能成为高等法院法官。➤appoint (sb as), elect, nominate (both especially name) 任命（某人为）／选举／提名法官➤convince, impress, persuade, satisfy说服法官；给法官留下深刻印象；使法官相信；令法官满意◆they must persuade the judge that a particular juror is likely to be biased.他们必须说服法官相信有一名陪审员很可能怀有偏见。➤ask, tell询问／告诉法官judge + verb➤oversee sth, preside, sit法官审查⋯／主审／听审◆which judge will be sitting next week?下个星期哪位法官听审？◆the judge overseeing the case ordered the documents to be produced.审查该案件的法官要求提交文件。➤call sb法官传唤某人◆the judge called the remaining witness.法官传唤了最后一个证人。➤ask sth, say sth, tell (sb) sth法官讯问⋯；法官说⋯；法官告诉（某人）⋯◆a federal judge told the fbi they could not access the computers.一位联邦法官告诉联邦调查局他们无权获取那些计算机上的信息。➤direct sb (especially bre) 法官指示某人◆the judge must direct the jury on points of law.法官必须就法律要点给陪审团提供指示。➤consider sth法官考虑⋯▸➤accept sth, admit sth, agree (sth), allow sth, approve sth, uphold sth法官认可⋯；法官同意（⋯）；法官支持⋯◆the judge admitted the notes of the interview as evidence.法官认可将会见笔记作为证据。➤deny sth, disagree, dismiss sth, overrule sb/sth, overturn sth, refuse sth, reject sth法官否认⋯；法官不同意；法官驳回⋯；法官推翻⋯；法官拒绝受理⋯◆the trial judge dismissed her compensation claim.承审法官驳回了她的赔偿请求。◆appeals court judges overturned the previous ruling.上诉法院的法官推翻了之前的判决。➤conclude sth, decide sth, declare sth, find sth, hold sth, rule sth法官论定⋯ ／决定⋯ ／宣布⋯ ／认为⋯ ／认定⋯ ／裁定⋯◆the judge held that the company had been negligent.法官认定该公司有疏忽。➤sum up法官总结◆the judge summed up and the jury retired to consider its verdict.法官总结后陪审团退庭讨论裁决。➤sentence sb法官对某人作出宣判▸➤impose sth, order sth法官强令⋯／命令⋯◆the judge ordered the company to pay compensation to the claimant.法官责令该公司向原告支付赔偿金。◆a judge could impose a substantial penalty.法官可以予以重罚。➤award (sb) sth, grant (sb) sth法官判给（某人）⋯／准予（某人）⋯◆the judge awarded him damages of £20 000.法官判给他 2 万英镑的损害赔偿金。judge noun² 2decides who has won a competition裁判adjective | ... of judges | judge + verb | phrases adjective➤competition竞赛裁判▸➤independent独立裁判... of judges➤panel一组裁判◆a panel of independent judges一组独立裁判judge + verb➤choose sb/sth, pick sb/sth, vote for sb/sth裁判选择⋯／选出⋯／投票选择⋯▸➤decide sth, vote on sth裁判裁定⋯／就⋯表决phrases➤the judges' decision裁判的裁定◆the judges' decision on the entries is final.裁判对参赛作品的评定是最终决定。judge noun³ 3has the ability/knowledge to give an opinion具备判断力adjective | preposition | phrases adjective➤astute, good, great, shrewd敏锐的判断；明智的判断；精明的判断◆you are the best judge of what your body needs.身体需要什么，自己最能判断。◆a shrewd judge of character善于鉴别他人性格的人➤bad, poor糟糕的／拙劣的判断▸➤impartial公正的评判preposition➤judge of判别⋯的人◆he is a good judge of musical talent.他善于发掘音乐人才。phrases➤a good, bad etc. judge of character善于、不善于等鉴别他人性格的人◆she's usually a pretty shrewd judge of character.她通常能对别人的性格作出相当精准的判断。judge verbadverb | verb + judge | preposition | phrases adverb➤accurately, correctly, rightly准确／正确／恰当判断▸➤wrongly (especially bre) 错误判断◆i think i judged the distance wrongly.我想我错误地估计了距离。➤fairly, properly (especially bre) 公平地／恰当地评判▸➤harshly, unfairly苛刻地／不公地评判◆i think you're judging her rather harshly.我觉得你对她的评判过于苛刻。➤objectively客观地评判➤subjectively主观地判断▸➤beautifully, carefully, finely, nicely, perfectly (both especially bre) , well绝妙地判断；审慎地判断；很好地判断◆their performance of the concerto was beautifully judged.他们的演奏体现了对协奏曲精妙的理解。◆'there's something i haven't told you.' she judged her words carefully.“有件事我还没告诉你。”她字斟句酌地说。◆the golfer judged it well, timing the ball to perfection.高尔夫球手判断准确，击球时机拿捏得恰到好处。➤accordingly相应地评判◆those who preach intolerance should be judged accordingly.对于那些宣扬排斥异己的人应作出相应的评判。➤purely, solely仅仅评判◆he was often judged solely on his looks.人们常常仅根据长相对他进行评判。verb + judge➤be difficult to, be hard to, be impossible to难以判断；无法评判▸➤be able to, be in a position to能够／有资格评判◆i am in no position to judge whether what she is doing is right or wrong.我没有资格评判她的行为是对还是错。➤learn to学习评判◆you soon learn to judge distances when driving.你很快就会学到在开车时如何判断距离。preposition➤according to根据⋯判断◆he believed that schools should be judged according to strictly academic criteria.他认为应当根据严格的学术标准来评判学校。➤against对照⋯评判◆you always judge your own performance against that of others.你总是对照别人来评判自己的表现。➤by依据⋯评判◆you will be judged by the work you have produced over the year.将依据你一年来的工作业绩对你进行评判。➤from从⋯评判◆the age of the furniture can be judged from the type of wood used.可以从所用木料的类型判断家具的年代。➤on在⋯方面作出判断◆your slogan will be judged on its originality and style.将根据创意和风格来评判你们的口号。phrases➤criteria for judging判断标准◆people use different criteria for judging success at school.人们用不同的标准来评判学生在学校成功与否。➤judge by appearances根据外表评判➤don't judge a book by its cover (= don't judge sth by how it looks) 不要只凭外表来判断➤judging by sth, judging from sth据⋯评判；从⋯判断◆he seems to have been a popular person, judging by the number of people at his funeral.从参加他葬礼的人数来看，他生前似乎很受欢迎。➤to judge by, to judge from从⋯看来◆to judge from what she said, she was very disappointed.从她所说的话来看，她非常失望。➤judge for yourself由自己评判◆readers are left to judge for themselves whether mccrombie is hero or villain.麦克罗比究竟是英雄还是无赖，读者可以自行判断。➤judge sth on its merits根据⋯本身的情况评判◆each painting must be judged on its own merits.每幅画都必须根据其自身的情况进行评判。➤not for me, us etc. to judge不是我、我们等能评判的◆it's not for me to judge whether he made the right decision.他的决定是否正确，轮不到我来评判。 judge /dʒʌdʒ/ noun [countable] 1.a person who has authority to decide legal cases 法官◆a high court judge 高等法院法官◆a federal judge awarded the company $1.2 million in damages. 联邦法院法官判了这家公司获得 120 万元的损害赔偿金。 ➡ magistrate 2.a person who decides who has won a competition 裁判员；评判员◆the judges' decision is final. 裁判的决定是终局的。 judge /dʒʌdʒ/ verb 1. [intransitive, transitive] to form an opinion about sb/sth, based on the information you have 判断；评判；断定；认为◆each project is judged on the profits it could generate. 每个项目都必须根据所带来的利润来判断。◆you need to judge our results against those of our competitors. 你必须参照我们的竞争对手来评价我们的成绩。 2. [transitive] to decide the result of a competition; to be the judge in a competition 裁判；评判；担任裁判◆he was asked to judge the design competition. 他获邀请担任设计比赛的评判。 3. [transitive] to decide whether sb/sth has committed a crime or is legally responsible for sth 审判；审理；判决◆the company was judged guilty of price-fixing. 这公司被判犯了操纵价格罪。☞ judge☞ judgejudge noun 1➤a high court judge高等法院的法官➤the competition judges比赛的裁判员judge ♦︎ magistrate ♦︎ the bench ♦︎ justice of the peace ♦︎ jpthese are all words for a person in a court who has the authority to make legal decisions and decide how criminals should be punished.这些词均表示法官或审判员。patterns and collocations 句型和搭配◆before a judge / a magistrate / the bench / a justice of the peace / a jp◆the local judge / magistrate / bench / justice of the peace / jp◆the senior / presiding / district / investigating / chief judge / magistrate◆to appoint sb as a judge / as a magistrate / to the bench / as a justice of the peace / as a jp◆to address the judge / bench◆the judge / magistrate / bench hears / grants sth◆a judge / magistrate orders / awards / adjourns / upholds / considers / dismisses / decides / finds sth◆a judge / magistrate sentences sb■ judge [countable] a person in a court who has the authority to decide how criminals should be punished or to make legal decisions法官；审判员◆the trial judge dismissed her compensation claim.初审法官驳回了她的赔偿要求。◆by next year you could be sitting as a high court judge.明年你就可以担任高等法院的法官了。◆the case comes before judge cooper next week.本案将于下周由库珀法官来审理。■ magistrate /mædʒɪstreɪt/ [countable] an official who has the authority to make legal decisions and decide how people should be punished in the lowest courts of law地方法官；治安法官◆ten people are due to appear before magistrates today accused of drugs offences.十个被控毒品犯罪的人今天将在地方法院出庭受审。◆a magistrate's court地方治安法院■ the bench [singular] (law法律) a judge in court or the seat where he/she sits; the position of being a judge or magistrate; the group of judges or magistrates who work in a particular court, type of court or area法官；法官席位；法官（或地方法官）的职位；审判团◆his lawyer turned to address the bench.他的律师转身对法官讲话。◆she has recently been appointed to the bench.她最近当上了法官。■ justice of the peace (plural justices of the peace) [countable] (formal) a magistrate地方法官；治安法官； 太平绅士 ◆in 1579 he was appointed justice of the peace for kent.1579 年他被任命为肯特地区的治安法官。note 辨析 magistrate, justice of the peace or jp?the exact use of these terms differs in the legal systems of different countries. in england and wales justice of the peace is just the official title for a magistrate, used especially in historical contexts. in the us a justice of the peace is a judge of the lowest level in some state court systems.这些术语在不同国家的法律体系中用法各不相同。在英格兰和威尔士，justice of the peace 仅是 magistrate 的正式称谓，尤用于历史语境中；在美国，justice of the peace 则是一些州法院体制中最基层的地方法官。■ jp /dʒeɪ piː/ [countable] the abbreviation for 'justice of the peace'地方法官，治安法官， 太平绅士 （justice of the peace 的缩写）◆helen alvey jp海伦 • 阿尔维治安法官◆she became a jp in 1939.1939 年她成为了一名治安法官。judge noun 2➤a high court judge高等法院的法官➤the competition judges比赛的裁判员judge ♦︎ referee ♦︎ examiner ♦︎ umpire ♦︎ arbiter ♦︎ moderator ♦︎ refthese are all words for a person whose job or role is to make decisions or give their opinion about sth.这些词均表示裁判员、评判员或鉴定人。patterns and collocations 句型和搭配◆an independent judge / examiner◆a neutral referee / umpire / arbiter◆the ultimate / sole / final judge / arbiter◆to act as (a) judge / (a) referee / (an) arbiter / (a) moderator◆a judge / a referee / an umpire decides / awards sth◆the judge's / referee's / umpire's / ref's decision■ judge [countable] a person who decides who has won a competition; a person who has the necessary knowledge or skills to give their opinion about the value or quality of sb/sth裁判员；评判员；鉴定人◆the judges' decision is final.裁判的决定为最终决定。◆the winner was chosen by a panel of judges.获胜者由评判小组决定。◆she's a good judge of character.她很善于鉴别人的性格。◆you are the best judge of what your body needs.你的身体需要什么，你自己最能判定。◆the last singer was the best－not that i'm any judge (= i do not know much about the subject).最后一名歌手最棒 － 倒不是说我有多懂行。■ referee /refəriː/ [countable](in sports such as football, basketball and boxing) the official who controls the game and makes sure that the rules are not broken（足球、篮球和拳击等体育运动的）裁判，裁判员◆he was sent off for arguing with the referee.他因为和裁判发生争执而被罚出场。◆graham is a qualified football referee.格雷厄姆是一名取得资格的足球裁判。ⓘ a referee is also a person who reads and checks the quality of a technical article before it is published. * referee 还指专业性文章的审定人◆all papers are sent out to external referees.所有论文都送外审。▸ referee verb [intransitive, transitive] ◆a refereeing decision裁判决定◆who refereed the final / this paper?那场决赛的裁判是谁／这篇论文是谁审阅的？■ examiner [countable] (bre) a person who writes the questions for, or marks, an exam主考人；考官◆she was a member of the board of examiners of the college.她曾是学院考试委员会的成员。◆he is a former senior driving examiner.他过去是一名资深的驾照考官。 ➡ see also examine → test verb 2 ■ umpire /ʌmpaɪə(r)/ [countable](in sports such as tennis, cricket and baseball) an official who watches a game and makes sure that rules are not broken（网球、板球和棒球等体育运动的）裁判，裁判员◆he received an official warning from the umpire for his conduct.他的行为受到裁判的正式警告。▸ umpire verb [intransitive, transitive] ◆we need someone to umpire.我们得找个人当裁判。◆to umpire a baseball game / a cricket match担当棒球／板球比赛的裁判■ arbiter /ɑːbɪtə(r); name ɑːrbɪtər/ [countable] (formal) a person with the power or influence to make judgements and decide what will be done or accepted仲裁人；公断人；裁决人◆the law is the final arbiter of what is considered obscene.何为猥亵最终由法律裁决。◆this style would be dismissed as too ornate by contemporary arbiters of taste.当代鉴赏权威人士会以过分华丽为由摒弃这种式样。■ moderator /mɒdəreɪtə(r); name mɑːdəreɪtər/ [countable] (especially name) a person whose job is to make sure that a discussion or debate is fair会议主持；辩论会主席◆the moderator of this week's quiz is professor edmund james.本周智力竞赛的主持人为埃德蒙 • 詹姆斯教授。■ ref [countable] (informal) (in sports such as football and basketball) a referee（足球和篮球等体育运动的）裁判，裁判员◆the game isn't over until the ref blows his whistle.裁判吹响哨子比赛才算结束。judge verb 1➤judge by appearances凭外表来判断➤judge a competition/judge sb guilty担任比赛的裁判；判某人有罪estimatejudge distances/speedsjudge ♦︎ assess ♦︎ evaluate ♦︎ rate ♦︎ gauge ♦︎ size sb/sth upthese words all mean to form an opinion about sb/sth based on the information you have.这些词均表示对某人或某事作出判断。patterns and collocations 句型和搭配◆to judge / assess / evaluate / rate sb / sth as sth◆to judge / assess / evaluate / rate sb / sth on / according to sth◆to judge / assess / evaluate / gauge sb / sth by sth◆to judge / assess / gauge sb / sth from sth◆to judge / assess / evaluate / rate / gauge how...◆to judge / assess / evaluate / gauge what / whether...◆to judge / assess / evaluate / gauge the extent / significance / success / effectiveness / effect / impact of sth◆to judge / assess / evaluate / gauge sth's progress / performance / quality / merits / potential◆to judge / assess / evaluate / size up the situation◆to judge / assess / gauge the mood / reaction◆to judge / assess / evaluate / gauge sb / sth accurately / correctly◆to judge / assess / evaluate / rate sb / sth fairly / accordingly◆to judge / assess / evaluate sb / sth properly / objectively■ judge [intransitive, transitive] to form an opinion about sb/sth, based on the information you have判断；断定；认为◆as far as i can judge, they are all to blame.依我看，他们都有责任。◆judging from what he said, he was very disappointed.从他的话判断，他非常失望。◆i don't really think that you're in a position to judge.我倒觉得轮不到你来评判。◆you shouldn't judge by appearances (= form an opinion about sb / sth from the way they look).你不应凭外表来判断。◆you shouldn't judge her too harshly.你对她的评判不应太苛刻。◆they judged it wise to say nothing.他们认为不说为妙。 ➡ see also judgement → view 1 , judgemental → critical ■ assess /əses/ [transitive] to make a judgement about the nature, ability or quality of sb/sth, after watching or testing them and using your expert knowledge评估，评定（性质、能力或质量）◆the new patient is assessed by the nursing staff.新病号由护理人员作出评估。◆i'd assess your chances of winning as pretty low.我估计你赢的可能性很小。◆the committee assesses whether a building is worth preserving.该委员会负责评定一栋建筑物是否值得保存。 ➡ see also assess → test verb 2 , assessment → assessment ■ evaluate /ɪvæljueɪt/ [transitive] to form an opinion of the amount, value or quality of sth after studying it carefully评价，评估（数量、价值或质量）◆our research attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of the different drugs.我们的研究试图对不同药物的疗效进行评估。◆we need to evaluate how well the system is working.我们需要对这个系统的效果作出评价。 ➡ see also evaluation → assessment note 辨析 assess or evaluate?you usually assess sb/sth in order to make a judgement, often against a particular standard, to see if sb/sth is satisfactory. you usually evaluate sb/sth in order to understand it better so that more informed decisions can be made. sometimes either word can be used. * assess 通常指按照某种标准评价某人或某事是否令人满意。evaluate 通常指为更好地理解某人或某事而对其进行评估，以便作出更有依据的决定。有时这两个词可以通用◆candidates are assessed / evaluated on their ability to think independently.会对候选人的独立思考能力进行评估。in this example, a judgement is being made, but evaluate is often used in the context of people's performance in their jobs because it sounds more positive. in the context of students' performance in exams or class, however, the usual word is assess.上面的例句所作的是一种评价。在评估人们工作表现的语境中常用 evaluate，因为听起来更正面些。在评估学生考试成绩或课堂表现的语境中通常用 assess。 ➡ see also assess → test verb 2■ rate [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) to judge that sb/sth has a particular level of quality or value评估；评价；估价◆how did you rate her speech?你怎样评价她的演讲？◆the university is highly rated for its research.这所大学的研究工作受到高度评价。◆voters continue to rate education high on their list of priorities.选民继续把教育看作是头等大事之一。 ➡ see also rate → rank verb , rating → class 4 ■ gauge (name also gage) /geɪdʒ/ [transitive] to form a judgement about sth, especially about people's feelings or attitudes判定，判断（尤指人的感情或态度）◆he tried to gauge her mood.他试图揣摩她的心情。◆it was difficult to gauge whether she was angry or not.很难判断她是否在生气。 ➡ see also gauge → criterion noun ■ size sb/sth up -->phrasal verb (rather informal) to form a judgement or opinion about sb/sth估量；判断◆he sized up the situation very quickly.他很快就对形势作出了判断。◆the children looked at each other warily, as if sizing each other up.孩子们警惕地你看我，我看你，好像在估量对方。judge verb 2➤judge by appearances凭外表来判断➤judge a competition/judge sb guilty担任比赛的裁判；判某人有罪estimatejudge distances/speedsjudge ♦︎ decide ♦︎ adjudicatethese words all mean to make an official decision about sb/sth, for example in a competition or in court.这些词均表示在比赛或法庭等正式场合作出评判或判决。patterns and collocations 句型和搭配◆to decide / adjudicate on / in sth◆to judge / decide / adjudicate a case◆to decide / adjudicate a dispute◆to decide / adjudicate (in / on) a matter■ judge [transitive, intransitive] to make an official decision about the result of a competition or about whether sb is guilty or innocent in court; to give your opinion about sb, especially when you disapprove of them裁判；审判；评判◆she was asked to judge the essay competition.她获邀担任这次散文比赛的评委。◆there will be judging in three age groups.将分三个年龄组来进行评判。◆they could dismiss workers participating in strikes judged to be illegal.他们可能会解雇那些参与被认定为非法罢工的工人。◆what gives you the right to judge other people?你有什么权利对别人评头论足？ ➡ see also judgment → conclusion ■ decide [transitive, intransitive] (law法律) to make an official or legal judgement裁决；判决◆the case will be decided by a jury.这个案件将由陪审团裁决。◆he challenged her right as governor to decide on the matter.作为理事她是否有权决断此事，他提出了质疑。◆the appeal court decided in their favour.上诉法院作出了对他们有利的裁定。◆it is always possible that the judge may decide against you.法官判你败诉的可能性总是存在。■ adjudicate /ədʒuːdɪkeɪt/ [intransitive, transitive] (rather formal) to make an official decision about who is right in a disagreement between two groups or organizations; to be a judge in a competition判决，裁决（争执等）；（比赛中）担任裁判◆a special subcommittee adjudicates on planning applications.有一个特别小组委员会裁决规划申请项目。◆their purpose is to adjudicate disputes between employers and employees.他们的目的是裁决劳资纠纷。◆who is adjudicating at this year's contest?今年的比赛谁当裁判？ ➡ see also arbitrate → intervene ▸ adjudication noun [uncountable, countable] ◆the case was referred to a higher court for adjudication.该案已提交上级法院裁决。◆the adjudication will be published tomorrow.裁决将于明日公布。judge [transitive] to estimate the size, amount, etc. of sth without measuring it exactly估计，猜测（大小、数量等）◆young children are unable to judge the speed of traffic.小孩子不懂得估算车辆的速度。◆i judged him to be about 50.我估计他约莫 50 岁左右。note 辨析 estimate or judge? estimate is used especially to talk about things such as costs, which you would have to calculate to know exactly. judge is used more for things such as distances, depths and speeds, which you would have to measure to know exactly. people often estimate future costs and lengths of time which cannot be calculated exactly, by thinking carefully about what is likely, given the information that they have. people often have to judge distances and speeds quickly, not by thinking carefully about all the available information, but by using their past experience as a guide. * estimate 尤指对须计算才能得到准确数值的事物进行估算，如 cost （成本）。judge 多与 distance、depth、speed 搭配，指对需要测量才能得出具体数据的距离、深度、速度等方面进行判定。estimate 常指根据已有信息，对所需的费用和时间等不能确切计算的概念进行仔细评估。judge 常指凭借经验迅速对距离和速度作出判断，而不是对所有的信息仔细考量后再作出判定。judge [countable] a person in a court who has the authority to decide how criminals should be punished or to make legal decisions法官；审判员◆the trial judge dismissed her compensation claim.初审法官驳回了她的赔偿要求。◆by next year you could be sitting as a high court judge.明年你就可以担任高等法院的法官了。◆the case comes before judge cooper next week.本案将于下周由库珀法官来审理。judge [countable] a person who decides who has won a competition; a person who has the necessary knowledge or skills to give their opinion about the value or quality of sb/sth裁判员；评判员；鉴定人◆the judges' decision is final.裁判的决定为最终决定。◆the winner was chosen by a panel of judges.获胜者由评判小组决定。◆she's a good judge of character.她很善于鉴别人的性格。◆you are the best judge of what your body needs.你的身体需要什么，你自己最能判定。◆the last singer was the best－not that i'm any judge (= i do not know much about the subject).最后一名歌手最棒 － 倒不是说我有多懂行。judge [intransitive, transitive] to form an opinion about sb/sth, based on the information you have判断；断定；认为◆as far as i can judge, they are all to blame.依我看，他们都有责任。◆judging from what he said, he was very disappointed.从他的话判断，他非常失望。◆i don't really think that you're in a position to judge.我倒觉得轮不到你来评判。◆you shouldn't judge by appearances (= form an opinion about sb / sth from the way they look).你不应凭外表来判断。◆you shouldn't judge her too harshly.你对她的评判不应太苛刻。◆they judged it wise to say nothing.他们认为不说为妙。 ➡ see also judgement → view 1 , judgemental → critical judge [transitive, intransitive] to make an official decision about the result of a competition or about whether sb is guilty or innocent in court; to give your opinion about sb, especially when you disapprove of them裁判；审判；评判◆she was asked to judge the essay competition.她获邀担任这次散文比赛的评委。◆there will be judging in three age groups.将分三个年龄组来进行评判。◆they could dismiss workers participating in strikes judged to be illegal.他们可能会解雇那些参与被认定为非法罢工的工人。◆what gives you the right to judge other people?你有什么权利对别人评头论足？ ➡ see also judgment → conclusion judge¹/dʒʌdʒ ||; dʒʌdʒ/noun[c] 1. a person in a court of law whose job is to decide how criminals should be punished and to make legal decisions 法官: ◇the judge sentenced the man to three years in prison. 法官判处那个男人三年徒刑。 2. a person who decides who has won a competition （比赛的）裁判员，评判员: ◇a panel of judges 评判小组 3. [usu.sing] a judge of sth a person who has the ability or knowledge to give an opinion about sth 有鉴别能力的人: ◇you're a good judge of character -- what do you think of him? 你很会看人的性格，你认为他这个人怎么样？ judge²/dʒʌdʒ ||; dʒʌdʒ/verb1. [i,t] to form or give an opinion about sb/sth based on the information you have 判断；下判断: ◇ judging by/from what he said, his work is going well. 依他的话看来，他工作进展顺利。◇it's difficult to judge how long the project will take. 这项工程要多久才完工，实在很难说。◇the party was judged a great success by everybody. 人人都认为这个酒会办得很成功。 2. [t] to decide the result or winner of a competition 评定比赛结果或胜负: ◇the head teacher will judge the competition. 校长将担任比赛的评判员。 3. [t] to form an opinion about sb/sth, especially when you disapprove of him/her/it 批评；抨击: ◇don't judge him too harshly -- he's had a difficult time. 不要对他太苛刻，他已经够辛苦了。 4. [t] to decide if sb is guilty or innocent in a court of law 审理（案件）；审判judge1 to decide how good, bad etc someone or something is2 to decide who is the winner in a game, competition etc3 to decide whether someone is wrong to do something4 to decide who is right in a quarrel5 to write your opinion of a new film, book etc6 someone's ability to judge people or things7 a standard by which something is judgedrelated wordsbe judged in a court of law 在法庭受审 court/trial,see alsocriticize,opinion,decide,accuse,crime,1. to decide how good, bad etc someone or something is 判断某人或某事的好、坏等 judge /dʒʌdʒ/ [transitive verb] to form an opinion about a person or situation, using your knowledge, experience, and intelligence 判断［某人或某种情形］；认为 the changes should be judged by their results. 这些变革应以其结果为评判依据。judge when/whether/what etc how do you judge when a house needs a new roof? 你是如何判断房屋何时需要翻新屋顶的呢？ 2,000 foreign and local monitors were watching to judge whether the elections were free and fair. 2,000名来自国外及当地的监督员正进行观察，以判断此次大选是否自由和公正。judge somebody/something to be something women judged to be at high risk for breast cancer should be examined every year. 被认为属于乳癌高危人群的妇女应该每年检查一次。judging from/by something when you form an opinion based on a particular fact 从某事来判断 judging from monday night's game, the team still has a lot of work to do. 从周一晚的那场比赛来看，这支球队还有很多地方需要改进。judge (that) some students may judge that the benefits they receive from further education are less than the costs of that education. 有些学生也许会认为进修教育给他们带来的益处不及他们要支付的学费。judge it wise/proper/dangerous etc to do something formal dwight judged it dangerous to navigate in darkness in these waters. 德怀特认为黑夜里在这些水域航行很危险。 assess /əˈses/ [transitive verb] to consider someone's work, ideas, or products, or to consider a situation or event, in order to judge how good they are, what standard they have reached, or how useful they might be to you 评价［某人作品、想法或产品］；评估［形势或事件］ this test provides an excellent way of assessing students’ progress. 这项测试为评估学生的进度提供了一套非常有效的方法。 he has written a guidebook that assesses the quality of californian hotels. 他写了一本导游手册，对加利福尼亚的旅馆作了评价。 the booklet aims to help parents assess recent educational changes. 这本小册子旨在帮助家长评价近期的教育改革。assess how/whether/what etc the committee will continue to assess how we can improve. 委员会将继续评估我们可以如何改进。 assessment [countable noun] the final chapter gives an assessment of various ideas and theories. 最后一个章节对各种不同的观点和理论作了评述。 evaluate /ɪˈvæljueɪt/ [transitive verb] to carefully consider how useful or valuable an activity, plan, or suggestion is, especially in order to decide whether or not to start doing it or continue doing it 评价；评估［活动、计划或建议，尤指为了决定是否可以开始或继续进行］ there was not enough time to evaluate the information before the meeting. 会议举行前没有足够时间对这些资料进行评估。 the new drug is being evaluated in clinical trials. 这种新药正在进行临床试验阶段的评估。 the police force should not evaluate officers’ performance in terms of the number of arrests they make. 警方不应以警员拘捕了多少人去评估他们的表现。 evaluation /ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃən/ [countable/uncountable noun] students provide the college with an evaluation of the courses they took at the end of each semester. 每个学期末，学生都会向学校提供他们对所选修的课程的评价。 critique /krɪˈtɪːk/ [countable noun] an article, book, speech etc that carefully examines a subject and says what is good or bad about it 评论文章；评论 the speech was a devastating critique of reagan's economic policy. 这次演说是对里根的经济政策的猛烈抨击。 marx's critique of capitalism in the 19th century 19世纪时马克思对资本主义的评论2. to decide who is the winner in a game, competition etc 决定比赛、竞赛等中谁人胜出 judge /dʒʌdʒ/ [transitive verb] dillon and two other writers judged the poetry contest. 狄龙与另外两位作家在诗歌比赛中当评判。 pupils were judged in two categories: age 6 to 8, and age 9 to 12. 学生被分成两组进行评判：6到8岁以及9到12岁。 the annual flower show was judged by a tv celebrity and a professional horticulturist. 一年一度的花卉展由一位电视名人和一位专业园艺师担任评委。be judged the best/the winner etc a photograph of a stormy beach was judged ‘best in show’ by the panel. 一幅拍摄暴风雨中的海滩的照片被评审委员会评为“最佳展品”。 judge /dʒʌdʒ/ [countable noun] someone whose job is to judge a game, competition etc ［比赛的］评判，裁判 there are normally three judges for the national essay competition. 全国散文比赛通常有三位评判。 referee also ref informal /ˌrefəˈriː, ref/ [countable noun] someone whose job is to judge a sports game and make sure that the players obey the rules - for example in football ［体育比赛的］裁判［员］［如足球比赛］ the referee should never have allowed the first goal. 那名裁判决不应判第一个进球有效。 one of the players was sent off for arguing with the referee. 有一名球员因与裁判争执被罚出场。 umpire /ˈʌmpaɪəʳ/ [countable noun] someone whose job is to judge a sports game and make sure that the players obey the rules - for example in football and tennis ［体育比赛的］裁判［员］［如足球和网球比赛］ i thought he was out, but the umpire called him safe. 我以为他出局了，可裁判却判他安全上垒。 mack was thrown out of the game for hitting an umpire. 麦克因殴打裁判被取消了比赛资格。3. to decide whether someone is wrong to do something 评判某人做某事是否有错 judge /dʒʌdʒ/ [intransitive/transitive verb] to decide whether someone is wrong to do something - use this when you think someone has no right to do this ［对…］作出评价；批评［认为某人无权这么做时使用］ what right does she have to judge me? 她有什么资格对我评头论足? don't judge other people unless you want to be judged yourself. 别去批评别人，除非你自己也想被人批评。 she should do what seems right to her. it isn't for me to judge. 她应该去做她认为正当的事，我无权评判。 pass judgment also judgement british /ˌpɑːs ˈdʒʌdʒməntǁˌpæs-/ [verb phrase] to judge something or someone in a negative and often unreasonable way 作出［负面的、常不合理的］评论［批评评 he refused to pass judgement until all the evidence was presented. 在所有证据被呈上之前，他不肯作出评论。pass judgment upon/on society badly needs to learn not to pass judgment on people because of their background. 社会极需学习不以人的出身背景去批判别人。 sit in judgement /ˈdʒʌdʒmənt, ˌsɪt ɪn ˈdʒʌdʒmənt/ [verb phrase] british to judge whether someone's behaviour is good or bad - use this especially when you think someone should not be doing this 【英】对［某人的行为］作出批评［尤用于认为某人不应这么做］ i don't care how annoyed she is - she's got no absolutely no right to sit in judgement. 我不管她有多生气，她根本没有权利作出批评。sit in judgement on/upon/over it seems wrong that 12 white men could sit in judgment on one black woman. 由12个白人男人来对一个黑人妇女作出裁判似乎并不恰当。 judgemental british /judgmental american /dʒʌdʒˌmentl/ [adjective] too ready to judge and criticize other people 爱评头品足的，爱批评的 i try not to be judgmental, but if i think someone's being stupid, i'll say so. 我尽量不想评头论足，但要是我认为某个人很愚蠢，我会直说的。！ the parenting class is run in an open, non-judgmental manner that lets people speak freely. 家长育儿指导班的教学方式是开放式的，不加批判的，让大家自由发言。judgemental about the public is often judgmental about people's sexuality. 公众常常对别人在性方面的问题指指点点。4. to decide who is right in a quarrel 判定在某次争执中谁是对的 adjudicate /əˈdʒuːdɪkeɪt/ [intransitive verb] formal if someone, especially a lawyer, adjudicates, they officially form a judgement about who is legally right in an argument or disagreement 【正式】［尤指律师］裁决；裁定 the world court adjudicates boundary disputes and commercial claims. 国际法庭负责裁决国界争端和商业索赔。 adjudicator [countable noun] legal advisors and adjudicators were present at the trial. 法律顾问和审判员出席审讯。 adjudication /əˌdʒuːdɪˈkeɪʃən/ [uncountable noun] the situation has now become so serious that any form of adjudication would be impossible. 情况现已变得非常严重，任何形式的裁决都已不可能。 arbitrate /ˈɑːʳbɪtreɪt, ˈɑːʳbətreɪt/ [intransitive/transitive verb] to officially judge how an argument between two opposing groups or organizations can be settled 仲裁；公断 as president of the european council he arbitrated in an argument over cereal prices. 作为欧洲议会的议长，他在谷物价格的争论中作出了仲裁。 most brokerage firms require customers to arbitrate disputes rather than file lawsuits. 大多数经纪行都要求客户通过仲裁而非法律起诉来解决争端。arbitrate between a local magistrate has been asked to arbitrate between farmers and conservationist groups. 一位地方法官被请去在农民和环保组织之间进行仲裁。 arbitrator [countable noun] she works as an arbitrator between representatives of various competing businesses. 她在各家相互竞争的公司的代表之间担任仲裁人。 arbitration /ˌɑːʳbɪˈtreɪʃən, ˌɑːʳbəˈtreɪʃən/ [uncountable noun] the process of judging officially who is right in an argument or disagreement, by someone who has been chosen by the opposing groups 仲裁；公断 the case has been submitted for international arbitration. 此个案已提请国际仲裁。go to arbitration ask someone to arbitrate 提请仲裁 both parties agreed to go to arbitration in order to avoid more strikes by the workers. 为了避免工人再度罢工，双方同意提请仲裁。5. to write your opinion of a new film, book etc 写出你对新影片、新书等的看法 review /rɪˈvjuː/ [transitive verb] to write an article in a newspaper or magazine judging how good or bad a film, play, television programme, or book is ［在报刊上］给［电影、戏剧、电视节目或书籍］写评论 doig's new book is reviewed on page 4. 多伊格的新书的书评在第四页。 as well as being an author, she reviews books for the sunday papers. 她不仅是位作家，而且还为周日的报纸写书评。 eliot wrote to him after he reviewed ‘the use of poetry.’ 他对《诗歌的作用》发表了评论之后，艾略特给他写了封信。 reviewer [countable noun] reviewers praised tisler's performance. 评论家对蒂斯勒的表演大加赞赏。 review /rɪˈvjuː/ [countable noun] an article in a newspaper or magazine that judges a book, television programme, film etc ［报刊上的］评论文章；书评；剧评；影评 our first english assignment was to write a book review. 我们的第一份英文作业是写一篇书评。 the movie got good reviews. 这部影片备受好评。review of wilberforce had just written a long review of darwin's book. 威尔伯福斯刚刚给达尔文的书写了一篇很长的评论文章。 write-up /ˈraɪt ʌp/ [countable noun] informal an article in a newspaper or magazine, that says how good or bad a new film, book, product etc is 【非正式】［报刊上对新电影、新书、新产品等的］评论［文章］ did you see martin amis’ write-up of the book in the observer? 你读过马丁·埃米斯在《观察家报》上对该书的评论了吗? after a write-up in yankee magazine, orders started pouring in. 《洋基人》杂志上刊出了一篇评论之后，订单就开始纷纷而至。 the film didn't get a very good write-up in time out. 这部影片在《闲暇》杂志上未获好评。 critic /ˈkrɪtɪk/ [countable noun] someone who writes in newspapers or magazines or on television or radio, giving their judgement about books, films etc 评论家，批评家 i didn't think the book was as bad as the critics said it was. 我觉得此书不像评论家所说的那么差。theatre/film/art etc critic for five years she was theater critic for the new yorker. 她为《纽约客》写了五年的戏剧评论。 film critic roger ebert has a new partner for his movie-review television program. 影评家罗杰·埃伯特为他的影评电视节目找到了一位新搭档。6. someone's ability to judge people or things 某人对人或事物的评判能力 judgment also judgement british /ˈdʒʌdʒmənt/ [uncountable noun] the break-up of a serious relationship can often make us lose confidence in our own judgement. 一段真心实意的关系的破裂常常会使我们对自己的判断力失去信心。 teachers need to have good judgement of pupils’ needs and abilities. 教师对学生的需要和能力要具备良好的判断力。sound judgement good judgement 良好的判断力 environmental rules are developed using good information and sound judgment. 利用实用的资料以及良好的判断力制订出了环境保护规定。 be a good/bad etc judge of /biː ə ˌgʊd ˈdʒʌdʒ ɒv/ [verb phrase] be able to judge people or situations well, badly etc 对［人或形势］判断力很好/很差等 she'd always thought mr cunningham was a good judge of character. 她一直认为坎宁安先生很善于鉴别人的性格。 professional people are sometimes bad judges of their colleagues’ conduct. 专业人士有时对同事的行为操守不能作出准确的判断。7. a standard by which something is judged 评判某事物的标准 standard /ˈstændəʳd/ [countable noun] a level of quality, skill, achievement etc by which something is judged ［评判事物的］标准 shakespeare is the standard against which all playwrights must be measured. 莎士比亚是必然会用以衡量所有剧作家的标准。 many europeans who consider themselves to be poor are rich by the standards of some third world countries. 许多认为自己贫穷的欧洲人用部分第三世界国家的标准来衡量都是富人。 scale /skeɪl/ [countable noun] a set of standards, levels, or degrees against which you can compare and judge things 等级，级别 on a scale of one to ten, ten being best, his new movie is a two. 按一级到十级的标准，十级为最佳的等级，他的新影片属于二级。 the researchers devised a scale to measure people's attitudes toward certain types of behavior. 研究员设计了一套等级标准来衡量人们对某类行为的态度。 criterion /kraɪˈtɪəriən/ [countable noun] a standard you use in order to judge people or things, especially one that may be different from the standard used by other people or organizations ［评判人或事物的］标准，准则［尤指与别人或别家机构不同的准则］ the company's criterion for success is high sales. 这家公司对成功的评判标准是销售量大。 changing the college admissions criteria will have a serious effect. 改变大学的入学标准将产生重大的影响。set of criteria group of standards 一系列标准 the group ranks cities according to its own set of criteria. 该团体以自己的一套标准来给城市分等级。 the plural of criterion is criteria. criterion的复数形式是criteria。 benchmark /ˈbentʃmɑːʳk/ [countable noun usually singular] a very high standard of quality, achievement, or excellence, against which all other things have to be compared and judged 基准［用以比较和评定所有其他事物］ under coach wooden, ucla men's basketball was so successful it was the benchmark other teams measured themselves against. 在伍登教练的带领下，加州大学洛杉矶分校的男子篮球队非常成功，以至于成为其他篮球队的衡量基准。benchmark for in the 1960s and 1970s the swedish political system was regarded as a benchmark for other european countries. 在20世纪60至70年代，瑞典的政治体制被视为其他欧洲国家的基准。 yardstick /ˈjɑːʳdˌstɪk/ [countable noun usually singular] a person or thing that you compare another person or thing with, in order to judge how good or successful they are 衡量标准；评判尺度 many teachers say the primary school tests are not a useful educational yardstick. 许多教师都说小学测验不是衡量教育水平的有效标准。yardstick for the hospital has developed a treatment for cancer which has become the yardstick for all other treatments. 这家医院开发出一套治疗癌症的方法，这方法已经成了衡量其他治疗方法好坏的标准了。☞ judge¹☞ judge² |
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