| 单词 | do |
| 释义 | do /diː əʊ; name oʊ/ = delivery order ☞ dodo verb 1➤do the washing/some research洗衣服；做研究➤do well at school在学校学习好do ♦︎ carry sth out ♦︎ conduct ♦︎ undertake ♦︎ perform ♦︎ implement ♦︎ commit ♦︎ practise ♦︎ go through sththese words all mean to work at an activity or task.这些词均表示从事、执行、操作。patterns and collocations 句型和搭配◆to do / carry out / conduct / undertake / perform the work◆to do / carry out / conduct / undertake / perform a / an activity / analysis / investigation / review / assessment / evaluation◆to do / carry out / conduct / undertake business◆to do / carry out / conduct / perform / go through a test◆to do / carry out / undertake / perform a task / job◆to do / carry out / perform / go through a manoeuvre◆to do / carry out / perform / practise surgery◆to do / carry out / implement a plan / policy / strategy◆to do / carry out / conduct / undertake / perform / implement sth effectively / efficiently / properly / successfully◆to do / conduct / perform / implement sth well / poorly■ do (does, did, done) [transitive] to work at an activity, task or job从事（工作）；进行（活动）；执行（任务）◆i do aerobics once a week.我每周做一次有氧健身运动。◆i'm doing some research on the subject.我正就这一课题进行研究。◆i have a number of things to do today.我今天有几件事要做。◆what do you do (= what is your job)?你是做什么工作的？◆what did she do for a living?她过去以什么谋生？ⓘ do is often used to refer to actions that you do not mention by name or do not know about. * do 常指做一些没有言明或不甚了解的事情◆what are you doing this evening?今晚你打算做什么？◆there's nothing to do (= no means of passing the time in an enjoyable way) in this place.这地方没什么好玩的。◆the company ought to do something about the poor service.这公司应该采取点措施解决服务差的问题。◆there's nothing we can do about it (= we can't change the situation).我们对此毫无办法。◆what can i do for you (= how can i help)?我能为您做点什么？ⓘ do is often used with nouns for activities or tasks such as shopping or cleaning. * do 常与表示活动或工作的名词如 shopping 或 cleaning 连用◆ (bre) i like listening to the radio when i'm doing the ironing.我喜欢边熨衣服边听收音机。◆she did a lot of acting when she was at college.她上大学时演过很多戏。◆you could help me by doing (= washing) the dishes.你可以帮我洗碗。◆i like the way you've done your hair.我喜欢你梳的发式。■ carry sth out phrasal verb (rather formal) to do and complete a task or action执行，完成（任务）；开展（活动）◆we carry out routine maintenance of the equipment.我们对设备进行日常维修。◆the company has just carried out a major cost-cutting exercise.这家公司刚刚实行了一次重要的削减成本举措。◆the pilot has to carry out a series of complex manoeuvres.飞行员必须完成一系列复杂的机动动作。◆the massacre was carried out by enemy troops.那次大屠杀是敌军士兵干的。ⓘ carry out is used to talk about work, tasks or crimes; but even in the case of crimes, they are often crimes that have been carefully planned or ordered. * carry out 指从事工作、任务或犯罪活动，但即使表示从事犯罪活动，也指精心策划或组织的犯罪。■ conduct /kəndʌkt/ [transitive] (formal) to organize and/or do a particular activity组织；安排；实施◆we conducted the experiment under controlled circumstances.我们是在严格控制的情况下进行那次实验的。◆the negotiations have been conducted in a positive manner.那几次谈判是以一种积极的方式组织安排的。◆the interrogation was conducted by senior police officers.担任审问工作的是一些高级警官。ⓘ conduct is often used with words like enquiry, inquest, interview, interrogation, investigation, survey and study, in which people are trying to get answers to questions. * conduct 常与 enquiry、inquest、interview、interrogation、investigation、survey 和 study 连用，表示设法给问题找到答案。■ undertake /ʌndəteɪk; name ʌndərteɪk/ (undertook, undertaken) [transitive] (formal) to make yourself responsible for sth and start doing it承担；从事；负责◆the directors of the company refused to undertake such a risky venture.公司董事拒绝承担这样一个高风险的经营项目。◆a group of enthusiasts has undertaken the reconstruction of a steam locomotive.一群热心者已经承担起一台蒸汽机车的修复工作。ⓘ undertake is usually used to talk about an important job that a person or group of people takes responsibility for. * undertake 通常指承担或负责重要的工作。 ➡ see also undertaking → project ■ perform [transitive] (rather formal, especially written) to do sth, such as a piece of work, task or duty做；履行；执行◆a computer can perform many tasks at once.电脑能同时做多项工作。◆she performs an important role in our organization.她在我们的组织中发挥着重要的作用。◆he performed miracles to get everything ready in time.他及时把一切都准备妥当，创造了奇迹。note 辨析 carry out or perform? carry out places emphasis on the amount of work, especially when this lasts a period of time and is done according to a plan. perform often emphasizes the skill involved. * carry out 强调工作的量，尤其是须持续一段时间和按计划完成的工作； perform 常强调工作所涉及的技能◆carry out miracles/an important role ◆perform inquiries/a cost-cutting exercise carry out, but not perform, can be used to talk about negative actions such as attack, abuse, assault, assassination and killing. * carry out 可用于 attack、abuse、assault、assassination 和 killing 之类的有害行为，perform 则不能。■ implement /ɪmplɪment/ [transitive] (rather formal) to make sth that has been officially decided start to happen or be used实施；贯彻；执行◆we have not yet begun to implement the changes.我们尚未实行这些变革。◆we are implementing a new system of stock control.我们正在实施一种新的库存管理系统。■ commit (-tt-) [transitive] to do sth wrong or illegal做（错误或非法的事）；犯（罪或错等）◆what leads someone to commit murder?导致人犯谋杀罪的原因是什么？◆we heard of some of the appalling crimes committed against innocent children.我们听到一些对无辜儿童犯下的骇人听闻的罪行。ⓘ commit collocates with crime, offence, atrocity, outrage and sin and some words for different crimes and sins, including murder, assault, robbery, adultery and blasphemy. to commit suicide is to kill yourself deliberately. * commit 与 crime、offence、atrocity、outrage 和 sin 搭配，也与表示不同罪行或罪过的词如 murder、assault、robbery、adultery 和 blasphemy 搭配。commit suicide 则指自杀。■ practise (bre) (name practice) [transitive] (rather formal) to do sth regularly as part of your normal behaviour经常做（某事）；养成⋯的习惯◆a lot of couples now practise safe sex.许多夫妻现在实行安全性行为。◆do you still practise your religion?你还奉行你的宗教信仰吗？◆train yourself to practise self-restraint.对自己进行训练以培养自制力。 ➡ see also practice → use noun ■ go through sth -->phrasal verb(went, gone)to perform a series of actions; to follow a method or procedure执行某行动；实行某方法；履行某程序◆certain formalities have to be gone through before you can emigrate.必须办理一定的手续方能移居他国。◆we go through the same old routine every morning.每天早上我们都要做一遍同一套的例行程序。do verb 2➤do the washing/some research洗衣服；做研究➤do well at school在学校学习好do ♦︎ go ♦︎ perform ♦︎ fare ♦︎ get on/alongthese verbs are all used to talk or ask about the success or progress of sb/sth.这些词均用来询问或谈论事情的进展。patterns and collocations 句型和搭配◆to do / go / perform / fare / get on / get along well◆to do / go / perform brilliantly / excellently / badly◆to do / perform / fare poorly■ do (does, did, done) [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition总是与副词或介词连用) (especially spoken) used to talk or ask about the success or progress of sb/sth（谈论或询问时用）进展，进行◆how is the business doing?生意好吗？◆she did well out of (= made a big profit from) the deal.她从这笔交易中赚了不少钱。◆he's doing very well at school (= his work is good).他在学校里学习很不错。◆both mother and baby are doing well (= after the birth of the baby).母子平安。◆ (informal) how are you doing (= how are you)?你好吗？■ go (went, gone) [intransitive] (especially spoken) used to talk or ask about the success or progress of sth（事情）进展，进行◆'how did your interview go?' 'it went very well, thank you.'“你面试的情况如何？”“非常顺利，谢谢。”◆did everything go smoothly?一切都顺利吗？◆how's it going (= is your life enjoyable, successful, etc. at the moment)?近况可好？◆the way things are going the company will be bankrupt by the end of the year.从事态发展的情况看，到年底这家公司就会破产。note 辨析 do or go? do can be used to talk about the progress or success of either a person or a thing; go can only be used to talk about a thing. when you use do to talk about a thing, you are interested in how popular or profitable it is, so do is generally used to talk about the success of sth such as a business or other enterprise. go is more general, used to describe sth that you experience, such as an event, an interview, a test, or things or life in general. * do 可指人或事物的进展与成功，go 则仅指事物。用 do 表示事物的进展时，关注的是受欢迎程度或赢利多少，所以 do 一般用于谈论生意或业务的成功。go 更宽泛些，用于谈论自己经历过的事情，如某一事件，搭配 interview、test、things 或 life 等词。■ perform [intransitive] (rather formal) used to talk or ask about the success or progress of sb/sth, especially in business, sport or a test进展，进行（尤用来询问或谈论生意、运动或考试的情况）◆the company has been performing poorly over the past year.这家公司过去一年业绩欠佳。◆if rooney performs (= performs well) then i believe england can win.如果鲁尼发挥得好，我相信英格兰队能够获胜。◆she performed less well in the second test.她在第二次测验中表现欠佳。▸ performance noun [uncountable, countable] ◆the country's economic performance这个国家的经济状况◆it was an impressive performance by the french team.那是法国队一次令人叹服的表现。■ fare [intransitive] (especially written) used to talk or ask about the success or progress of sb/sth（谈论或询问时用）进展，进行◆the party fared very badly in the last election.该党上次竞选情况很糟。◆the north, by and large, has fared better than most regions in avoiding high unemployment figures.总的说来，北部地区在避免出现高失业率方面比大多数地区都好些。note 辨析 perform or fare? perform is more active than fare: a person or company that performs well is successful because of what they do; a person or group that fares well is successful, or just lucky, because good things happen to them or the conditions are right for them. both these words are used to talk about people, groups or organizations, but not events. * perform 的主动性比 fare 强，perform well 指个人或公司因自身的努力而业绩突出，fare well 指个人或群体取得成功，也可能只是幸运，即好事降临在他们头上或者情况有利于他们。两个词都用于人、群体或组织，不用于事件◆the interview performed/fared well. ■ get on-->■ get along -->phrasal verb(getting, got, got; name spoken getting, got, gotten) (especially bre, rather informal) used to talk or ask about the success or progress of sb（谈论或询问某人的情况）进展，进行◆he's getting on very well at school.他在学校里学习很好。◆i went to see how they were getting along.我去看了他们的工作进展情况。ⓘ when get on/along is used with an adverb, it is usually well; it is not common to talk about sb getting on/along badly. the subject of get on/along is usually a person or small group of people in an informal context; it is not used to talk about businesses, organizations or events. * get on/along 后接副词时通常接 well，一般不说某人 get on/along badly。在非正式语境中，get on/along 的主语通常是一个人或一小组人，而不是生意、组织或事件。do(does, did, done) [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition总是与副词或介词连用) to behave in the way mentioned（以某种方式）做；行动；表现◆do as you're told!照吩咐的去做！◆they are free to do as they please.他们想怎么做就怎么做。◆just do what they tell you to do.照他们所说的去做就是了。◆do whatever you like.你喜欢做什么就做什么。ⓘ in this meaning do is usually followed by as, but can also be followed by what or whatever.表达此义时，do 通常与 as 引导的从句连用，亦可与 what 或 whatever 引导的从句连用。do(does, did, done) [transitive] to work at an activity, task or job从事（工作）；进行（活动）；执行（任务）◆i do aerobics once a week.我每周做一次有氧健身运动。◆i'm doing some research on the subject.我正就这一课题进行研究。◆i have a number of things to do today.我今天有几件事要做。◆what do you do (= what is your job)?你是做什么工作的？◆what did she do for a living?她过去以什么谋生？ⓘ do is often used to refer to actions that you do not mention by name or do not know about. * do 常指做一些没有言明或不甚了解的事情◆what are you doing this evening?今晚你打算做什么？◆there's nothing to do (= no means of passing the time in an enjoyable way) in this place.这地方没什么好玩的。◆the company ought to do something about the poor service.这公司应该采取点措施解决服务差的问题。◆there's nothing we can do about it (= we can't change the situation).我们对此毫无办法。◆what can i do for you (= how can i help)?我能为您做点什么？ⓘ do is often used with nouns for activities or tasks such as shopping or cleaning. * do 常与表示活动或工作的名词如 shopping 或 cleaning 连用◆ (bre) i like listening to the radio when i'm doing the ironing.我喜欢边熨衣服边听收音机。◆she did a lot of acting when she was at college.她上大学时演过很多戏。◆you could help me by doing (= washing) the dishes.你可以帮我洗碗。◆i like the way you've done your hair.我喜欢你梳的发式。do(does, did, done) [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition总是与副词或介词连用) (especially spoken) used to talk or ask about the success or progress of sb/sth（谈论或询问时用）进展，进行◆how is the business doing?生意好吗？◆she did well out of (= made a big profit from) the deal.她从这笔交易中赚了不少钱。◆he's doing very well at school (= his work is good).他在学校里学习很不错。◆both mother and baby are doing well (= after the birth of the baby).母子平安。◆ (informal) how are you doing (= how are you)?你好吗？do(does, did, done) [transitive] to travel a particular distance or go at a particular speed; to complete a journey走过（一段路程）；（以某种速度）走完，完成（旅程）◆how many miles did you do yesterday?你昨天走了多少英里？◆my car does 40 miles to the gallon (= uses one gallon of petrol to travel 40 miles).我的汽车每耗 1 加仑汽油可行驶 40 英里。◆the car was doing 90 miles an hour.那辆汽车当时时速为 90 英里。◆we did the round trip (= went there and back) in under three hours.我们来回一趟用了不到三个小时。do(does, did, done) [transitive] to study a subject, topic, book, etc., especially as a class at school or college学习，研究（尤指参加学校的课程）◆i'm doing physics, chemistry and biology.我在学习物理、化学和生物。◆have you done any (= studied anything by) keats?你研究过济慈的作品吗？do(does, did, done) [transitive] (rather informal, especially spoken) to make or prepare sth, especially sth artistic or sth to eat做，做出，创作（艺术品或食物）◆he did a beautiful drawing of a house.他画了一幅房屋的素描，很美。◆who's doing the food for the party?谁负责操办宴会的饮食？◆does this pub do (= provide) lunches?这家酒馆供应午餐吗？◆i'll do a copy for you.我将为你复制一份。◆i'll do you a copy.我将复制一份给你。do(does, did, done) [transitive] (rather informal, especially spoken) to perform or organize a performance of a play, opera, concert, etc.演出，编排（戏剧、歌剧、音乐会等）◆the local dramatic society is doing 'hamlet' next month.当地剧社下月上演《哈姆雷特》。do [transitive] (does, did, done)to copy the way a well-known perfomer speaks or sings, especially in order to entertain people; to speak in a particular accent仿效，扮成（知名艺人，尤指为了娱乐）；模仿（口音）◆he does a great elvis presley.他模仿猫王维妙维肖。◆can you do a welsh accent?你能模仿威尔士口音吗？do(does, did, done) [transitive] to find the answer to a puzzle or problem, especially a word puzzle or maths problem解答，解决（尤指字谜或数学题）◆are you good at doing crosswords?你擅长填纵横字谜吗？◆i can't do this sum.我不会做这道算术题。do(does, did, done) [transitive] (informal) to take illegal drugs吸（毒）◆he doesn't smoke, drink or do drugs.他不抽烟，不喝酒，也不吸毒。do¹/də;strong form du: ||; də; du/auxiliary verb 1. used with other verbs to form questions and negative sentences, also in short answers and short questions at the end of a sentence (question tags) （与其他动词连用构成疑问句或否定句，也用于简短的回答或附加问句） ☞look at the quick grammar reference section at the back of this dictionary. 参看本词典末“语法便览”部份。 2. used for emphasizing the main verb （用于强调主要动词）的确，确实: ◇i can't find the receipt now but i'm sure i did pay the phone bill. 我现在找不着收据，但电话费我确实付了。 3. used to avoid repeating the main verb （用于避免重复主要动词）: ◇he earns a lot more than i do. 他赚的比我多得多。◇she's feeling much better than she did last week. 她感到比上周好多了。 do²/du: ||; du/verb1. [t] to perform an action, activity or job 干；做: ◇what are you doing? 你在干什么？◇what is the government doing about pollution (= what action are they taking)? 目前政府对污染问题采取什么措施？◇what do you do (= what is your job)? 你是做什么工作的？◇have you done your homework? 你做完功课没有？◇i do twenty minutes exercise every morning. 我每天早上锻炼二十分钟。◇to do the cooking/cleaning/ironing 做饭；打扫；熨烫◇to do judo/aerobics/windsurfing 练柔道；做有氧运动；玩风帆冲浪◇what did you do with the keys (= where did you put them)? 你把钥匙搁哪儿了？ 2. [i] to make progress or develop; to improve sth 进展；改善: ◇‘how's your daughter doing at school?’ ‘she's doing well.’ “你女儿在学校的情况怎么样？”“挺好的。”◇last week's win has done wonders for the team's confidence. 该队上周的胜利起了奇迹般的作用，大大增强了该队信心。◇this latest scandal will do nothing for (= will harm) this government's reputation. 最近的这次丑闻将有损这届政府的声誉。 3. [t] to make or produce sth 制造；生产: ◇the photocopier does 60 copies a minute. 这台复印机每分钟可复印60份。◇to do a painting/drawing 画一幅画 4. [t] to provide a service 提供服务: ◇do you do eye tests here? 你们这里检查视力吗？ 5. [t] to study sth or find the answer to sth 学习；攻读；答（题目）: ◇to do french/a course/a degree 学习法语；攻读课程；攻读学位◇i can't do question three. 第三道题我做不出来。 6. [t] to travel a certain distance or at a certain speed 走（一段路程）；以…速度行进: ◇this car does 120 miles per hour. 这辆汽车的时速可达120英里。◇i normally do about five miles when i go running. 我跑步的话通常跑五英里左右。 7. [t] to have a particular effect 具有某种效果: ◇a holiday will do you good. 度个假对你有好处。◇the storm did a lot of damage. 暴风雨造成严重的灾害。 8. [i,t] to be enough or suitable 足够；合适: ◇if you haven't got a pen, a pencil will do. 如果你没有钢笔，铅笔也行。 be/have to do with sb/sth to be connected with sb/sth 跟…有关系: ◇i'm not sure what paola's job is, but i think it's something to do with animals. 我不知道保拉是干什么工作的，但我想跟动物有点关系。◇‘how much do you earn?’ ‘ it's nothing to do with you!’ “你挣多少钱？”“你管不着！” could do with sth to want or need sth 希望有；需要: ◇i could do with a holiday. 我想度个假。 how do you do?→howmake do with sth→make¹ do away with sth to get rid of sth 摆脱；废除: ◇most european countries have done away with their royal families. 大多数欧洲国家都废除了王室制度。 do sb out of sth to prevent sb having sth in an unfair way; to cheat sb 以不公平的手法阻止别人获得某物；欺骗: ◇they've done me out of my share of the money! 他们骗去了我的那份钱！ do sth up 1. to fasten a piece of clothing 把衣服的扣子扣上；把衣服的带子系好: ◇hurry up. do up your jacket and we can go! 快。把你的上衣扣子扣好以后我们可以走了！ 2. to repair a building and make it more modern 修缮，装修（建筑物）: ◇they're doing up the old cottage. 他们在重修这旧村舍。 do without (sth) to manage without having sth 没有某事物也行: ◇if there isn't any coffee left, we'll just have to do without. 要是咖啡喝完了，我们只好得将就一下不喝了。 do³/du: ||; du/noun [c] (plural dos /du:z ||; duz/) (brit 英) (informal 非正式) a party or other social event 聚会；社交活动: ◇we're having a bit of a do to celebrate tim's birthday. 我们将有个小小的聚会，为蒂姆庆祝生日。 dos and don'ts things that you should and should not do 该做的和不该做的事；规定；应遵守事项: ◇the dos and don'ts of mountain climbing 登山运动应注意事项 ☞ do/not do☞ do¹☞ do²☞ do³ |
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