| 单词 | fall |
| 释义 | fall noun¹ 1accident意外事故adjective | verb + fall | preposition adjective➤bad, nasty, terrible摔得厉害；摔得不轻；重重摔了一跤◆she took a bad fall while out riding.她外出骑马时重重摔了一跤。➤accidental意外跌倒verb + fall➤have, suffer, take摔倒◆the doctor says she's had a very nasty fall.医生说她摔得很重。➤break, cushion缓解摔倒时的冲击力◆luckily a bush broke his fall.幸运的是，他掉落时有灌木挡了一下。➤survive跌落但幸存◆the chances of surviving a fall under a train are almost nil.掉到火车下面而幸免于难的可能性几乎为零。➤prevent防止摔倒preposition➤in a/the fall因摔跤◆he was hurt in a fall at his home yesterday.昨天他在家摔了一跤，受伤了。➤fall from从⋯摔下◆she broke her neck in a fall from a horse.她从马上摔下，扭断了脖子。fall noun² 2of snow/rocks雪；岩石adjective | preposition adjective➤heavy大量的降落▸➤light少量的降落▸➤fresh刚下的雪◆a fresh fall of snow新下的一场雪➤rock, snow (usually snowfall) 岩崩；降雪preposition➤fall of落下的⋯◆covered by a light fall of volcanic ash被落下的一层薄薄的火山灰覆盖着fall noun³ 3decrease减少adjective | verb + fall | fall + verb | preposition adjective➤big, dramatic, great, large, marked, massive, significant, substantial大幅的／急剧的／大量的／很大的／显著的／大范围的／明显的／实质性的下降◆a big fall in house prices房价的大幅下降◆this triggered the recent dramatic falls on the tokyo stock exchange.这引发了最近东京证券交易所股票的大幅度下跌。➤modest, slight, small适度的／略微的／少量的下降▸➤steady稳步的下降▸➤rapid, sharp, steep, sudden快速的／急剧的／猛烈的／突然的下降➤unexpected出人意料的下降▸➤continuing, further持续的／进一步的下降▸➤overall (especially bre) 全面下降▸➤catastrophic灾难性的下跌verb + fall➤bring, cause, contribute to, lead to, trigger导致下跌；引起下跌；促成下跌；造成下降；引发下降▸➤see, suffer看到／有所下跌◆share prices suffered a slight fall yesterday.昨天股价略有下跌。➤record, reveal, show记录／显露／表明下降◆the opinion polls show a significant fall in her popularity.民意调查显示她的支持率明显降低。➤report报告下降◆both companies reported a fall in profits in the first quarter of this year.两家公司都报告说今年第一季度利润有所下降。➤represent (especially bre) 表示下降◆this figure represents a fall of 21% on the same period last year.这一数字表明与去年同期相比下降了 21%。fall + verb➤occur下降出现◆the fall in age at first marriage occurred during the second half of the 18th century.初婚年龄下降出现在 18 世纪下半叶。preposition➤fall in在⋯方面的下降◆a large fall in share prices股票价格的大幅度下跌fall noun⁴ 4defeat失败verb + fall | preposition | phrases verb + fall➤bring about, cause, contribute to, lead to导致／引起／促成／使走向衰败◆the actions that led to his eventual fall from power导致他最终下台的行动preposition➤fall from从⋯垮台phrases➤the rise and fall of sth⋯的兴衰◆a book charting the rise and fall of the habsburg empire讲述哈布斯堡帝国兴衰的一本书fall noun⁵ 5 (name) autumn秋季adjective | fall + noun adjective➤last, this past刚过去的秋天；刚过去的这个秋天▸➤the following, next, this, this coming接下来的／下一个／这个／即将到来的这个秋天➤early, late初秋；晚秋fall + noun➤weather秋天的天气➤color秋色◆the trees were on fire with vibrant fall colors.树木呈现出鲜明的秋日色彩，层林尽染，像一团火。➤foliage秋日的树叶◆new england's gorgeous fall foliage新英格兰绚丽的秋叶➤harvest秋季的收成➤equinox秋分➤semester, term秋季学期◆he returned to school a month into the fall semester.他在秋季学期开始后一个月重返校园。 ➡ note at season (for more collocates) fall verb¹ 1drop to the ground落下adverb | verb + fall | preposition adverb➤heavily重重落下◆she fell heavily to the ground.她重重地摔倒在地。➤steadily不断地落下◆the rain was falling steadily.雨一直在下。➤freely自由下落◆tears fell freely from her eyes.她任由泪水夺眶而出。➤limply无力地落下◆her hands fell limply to her sides.她双手无力地垂在身旁。➤down, off, overboard跌落；摔下；从船边跌下◆a tile fell off the roof.一片瓦从房檐上落下。◆he fell overboard in heavy seas.他从船上掉进了波涛汹涌的大海中。verb + fall➤be about to将要落下▸➤let sb/sth让⋯落下◆she lifted her arm, but then let it fall.她抬起手臂，然后又放了下来。preposition➤from从⋯摔下◆he fell from the fourth floor.他从四层楼上摔了下来。➤into掉入⋯◆one of the kids fell into the river.其中一个孩子掉进了河里。➤on落在⋯上◆the snow falling on the fields落在田野中的雪➤onto落在⋯上◆loose bricks were falling down onto the ground.松脱的砖块正往地上掉。➤to掉在⋯上◆the plate fell to the floor.盘子掉在了地板上。fall verb² 2suddenly stop standing跌倒adverb | verb + fall | phrases adverb➤almost, nearly几乎／差点儿跌倒◆he stumbled and almost fell.他绊了一下，几乎摔倒。➤headlong一头栽下去◆she fell headlong, with a cry of alarm.她惊叫一声，一头栽了下去。➤down, over跌倒；跌下◆one of the children fell over.其中一个孩子跌倒了。➤backwards/backward, forward向后／向前跌倒verb + fall➤be about to将要倒下◆the house looked as if it was about to fall down.这座房子看上去摇摇欲坠。phrases➤stumble and fall, trip and fall绊倒fall verb³ 3decrease降低adverb | verb + fall | preposition adverb➤dramatically, rapidly, sharply, significantly, steeply大幅／迅速／猛烈／显著／急剧下降◆the price of coal fell sharply.煤炭价格急剧下跌。➤slightly略微下降▸➤steadily稳步下降verb + fall➤be expected to, be likely to有望／很可能下跌◆demand is likely to fall by some 15%.需求有可能下降 15% 左右。➤continue to继续下跌preposition➤below下降到⋯以下◆winter temperatures never fall below 10°c.冬天气温从来没有低于 10 摄氏度。➤by下降幅度为⋯◆expenditure on education fell by 10% last year.去年教育支出下降了 10%。➤from从⋯下降◆the number of people unemployed has fallen from two million to just over one and a half million.失业人数已从 200 万下降到 150 多一点儿。➤to降至⋯◆her voice fell to a whisper.她的声音变小，成了耳语。fall verb⁴ 4belong to a group属于某类adverb | preposition adverb➤squarely完全属于某一类别preposition➤into属于⋯范围◆out of over 400 staff there are just 14 that fall into this category.400 多位员工中只有 14 位属于这一类别。➤outside不在⋯范围◆that topic falls outside the scope of this thesis.那个论题偏离了这篇论文论述的范围。➤under归入⋯项下◆this falls under the heading of scientific research.这属于科学研究的领域。➤within属于⋯范围◆this case falls squarely within the committee's jurisdiction.这件事情完全在该委员会的管辖范围之内。 fall /fɔːl/ verb [intransitive] (fell /fel/, fallen /fɔːlən/) 1.to decrease in amount, value or level （金额、价值或水平）减少，下降◆orders for new products have continued to fall. 新产品的订单持续减少。◆their profits fell (by) nearly 30 per cent. 他们的利润下降了将近 30%。◆the company's shares fell sharply on tuesday. 公司的股价在星期二急剧下跌。◆a period of falling prices 价格下跌时期◆our market share has fallen to its lowest level ever. 我们的市场份额已经下降到有史以来最低水平。 ➡ see note at increase 2.to pass into a particular state; to begin to be sth 进入（某状态）；开始变成（某事物）◆the company fell into bankruptcy with debts of $12 billion. 这家公司负债 120 亿元，已陷入破产。◆the first interest payment falls due (= must be paid) in january. 首笔利息应在一月支付。 ●fall foul of sb/sthto be guilty of not obeying sb/sth 触犯（某人／某事）◆companies risk heavy penalties if they fall foul of the new accounting rules. 公司如果触犯了新的会计准则，就面临受到严厉处罚的风险。●fall from grace to become less popular and successful, especially after doing sth wrong and losing people's trust 威信骤降◆after the collapse of the internet bubble, he quickly fell from grace and later left the company. 互联网泡沫破灭之后，他很快名誉扫地，随后离开了公司。●fall on your swordto take responsibility for sth bad that has happened, especially by leaving your job 勇于承担责任（当麻烦来临的时候，尤指通过辞职的方式承担责任）◆if the company's profits don't improve this year, the ceo will be forced to fall on his sword. 如果今年公司的利润提高不了，首席执行官将被迫辞职。●fall short of sthto fail to reach the standard that you expected or need 达不到（目标）◆we're going to fall short of our sales targets for this year. 我们达不到今年的销售目标了。 ➡ idiom at arrears , prey noun, stand verb ●fall apart1.to be in very bad condition so that parts break off 破碎；破裂◆the machines are falling apart. 这些机器要散架了。2.to have so many problems that it is no longer possible to exist or function 破裂；崩溃◆the merger plans fell apart last week. 合并计划上周落空了。 ➡ fall through ●fall awayto become gradually fewer or smaller; to disappear 减少；减小；消失◆the market for their products fell away to almost nothing. 他们产品的市场几乎萎缩殆尽。●fall backto decrease in value or amount （价值）降低；（金额）减少◆share prices fell back after brisk early trading. 在经历了早市的活跃之后，股价下跌了。●fall back on sth (not used in the passive 不用于被动语态) to have sth to use when you are in difficulty or if other things fail 借助于；转而依靠◆many households have no savings to fall back on. 许多家庭已没有可动用的积蓄。◆the company can fall back on its classic brands. 公司可依靠其经典品牌。 ➡ fallback ●fall behind ●fall behind sb/sthto fail to keep level with sb/sth 落后；落在某人／某事之后◆all too often, companies fall behind technologically. 公司常常在技术上落后。◆the project has fallen behind schedule. 这个项目没能跟上进度。●fall behind with sthto not pay or do sth at the right time 拖欠（付款）；延缓做某事◆they had fallen behind with their loan repayments. 他们拖欠还款。●fall offto decrease in quantity or level 数量减少；水平降低◆we expect sales to fall off in the new year. 我们预计，在新的一年里销售量将下降。 ➡ fall-off ●fall out of sthto no longer be part of a particular group or have a particular status 脱离（某集团）；不具有某种特殊地位◆the group is in danger of falling out of the ftse 100. 集团面临被剔除出《金融时报》 100 指数的危险。●fall throughto not be completed, or not happen 落空；失败；没有实现；成为泡影◆the deal fell through when they could not agree on price. 由于他们在价格上无法谈妥，这笔交易告吹了。 ➡ fall apart fall /fɔːl/ noun [countable] a decrease in size, number, rate or level （规模）缩小；（数量）减少；（比率、水平）降低◆the firm announced a five per-cent-fall in profits. 公司宣布利润下降了 5%。◆a dramatic fall in unemployment 失业人数急剧减少⨁ a big / dramatic / sharp / slight / steep fall (in sth)大跌；暴跌；剧跌；微跌；猛跌 ●sb's fall from gracea situation in which a person or a company becomes less popular and successful, especially after doing sth wrong and losing people's trust （某人威信的）骤降◆the company suffered a dramatic fall from grace and most of its directors were replaced. 公司名誉扫地，大部分董事被替换了。 ➡ idiom at ride verb free fall ☞ fall☞ fall☞ increases and decreasesfall verb 1➤the temperature falls温度下降➤fall into the river掉进河里➤slip and fall on the ice在冰上滑一跤 ➡ see also the entry for slump另见 slump 条fall ♦︎ decline ♦︎ drop ♦︎ diminish ♦︎ decrease ♦︎ sink ♦︎ come downthese are all words that can be used when the amount, level or number of sth goes down.这些词均表示数量减少或程度下降。patterns and collocations 句型和搭配◆to fall / decline / drop / diminish / decrease / sink / come down by 100, 25%, a half, etc.◆to fall / decline / drop / decrease / sink / come down from 15 000 to 1 000◆to decline / diminish / decrease / come down in number, level, size, etc.◆to decline / diminish / decrease with age, time, experience, etc.◆numbers fall / decline / drop / diminish / decrease / come down◆levels fall / decline / drop / decrease◆prices / rates fall / decline / drop / decrease / sink / come down◆profits / sales fall / decline / drop / decrease / sink◆the temperature falls / drops◆sb's voice falls / drops / sinks◆to fall / decline / drop / diminish / decrease / sink sharply / rapidly◆to fall / decline / drop / decrease dramatically / suddenly◆to fall / decline / drop / diminish / decrease slightly / slowly / gradually / steadily■ fall (fell, fallen) [intransitive, transitive] to become lower or less in level, number or strength（数量）减少；（水平）下降；（强度）减小◆their profits have fallen by 30 per cent.他们的利润减少了 30%。◆the temperature fell sharply in the night.夜间温度陡降。◆falling birth rates could have an impact on future economic growth.下降的出生率可能会对未来的经济增长产生影响。◆ (written) her voice fell to a whisper.她的声音变小，成了耳语。◆share prices fell 30p.股价下跌了 30 便士。opp rise → rise ➡ see also fall → reduction noun ■ decline /dɪklaɪn/ [intransitive] (rather formal, especially written) to become lower or less in level, number, size, strength or importance（水平、数量、大小、强度或重要性）减少，下降，衰退◆the number of tourists visiting the resort declined by 10% last year.去年到这个胜地旅游的人数减少了 10%。◆manufacturing industry has slowly declined in importance.制造业已慢慢变得不如从前那么重要了。opp increase → rise ➡ see also decline → reduction noun ■ drop (-pp-) [intransitive] (not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) to become lower or less in level, number or strength（数量）减少；（水平）下降；（强度）减小◆the dutch team have dropped to fifth place.荷兰队已降至第五名。◆at last the wind dropped.风势终于减弱了。opp rise , climb → rise ➡ see also drop → reduction noun note 辨析 fall, decline or drop?in many cases you can use any of these words.这些词在很多情况下可以通用◆sales have fallen / declined / dropped by 20%.销售额下降了 20%。they can all be used to talk about numbers, levels, rates, prices, profits and sales. to talk about a loss of economic strength in a particular place or industry, use decline.这些词均可描述数量、水平、比率、价格、利润和销售额。描述特定地方或行业的经济实力衰退用 decline◆the area / city / industry / market / sector has declined (in importance).该地区／城市／行业／市场／领域（的重要性）降低了。you can also use decline to talk about support for or interest in sth, or a person's health. a person's voice can fall or drop. temperatures fall or drop. the wind can only drop. things can fall or decline over a period of time, but drop cannot be used in the progressive tenses. * decline 还可表示对事物的支持减少、兴趣下降或人的健康状况恶化。人的声音变小或温度下降用 fall 或 drop 均可。风势减弱只能用 drop。fall 和 decline 均可指在一段时间内减少、下降，而 drop 不能用于进行时◆sales have been falling / declining.销售额一直在下降。◆falling / declining sales下降的销售额◆sales have been dropping. ◆dropping sales ■ diminish /dɪmɪnɪʃ/ [intransitive] (rather formal, especially written) to become lower or less in number, amount or strength（数目、数量或强度）减少，下降，变弱◆the world's resources are rapidly diminishing.世界的资源正在迅速减少。◆his influence has diminished with time.随着时间的推移，他的影响已不如从前了。◆our efforts were producing diminishing returns (= we achieved less although we spent more time or money).我们加大了投入，收益却在递减。ⓘ numbers and amounts of sth can diminish, but figures, rates, levels, profits and sales cannot. * diminish 可与 number 和 amount 搭配，指数量减少，但不能表示数字、比率、水平、利润和销售额下降。 opp enhance → improve 1 ■ decrease [intransitive] (rather formal) to fall in number or level（数量）减少；（水平）下降◆the number of new students decreased from 210 to 160 this year.今年新生人数从 210 减少到 160。◆the number of quarrels among children decreases with age (= the older they are, the fewer quarrels they have).儿童间争吵的次数随着年龄增长而减少。opp increase → rise ➡ see also decrease → reduction noun ■ sink (sank, sunk) [intransitive] (especially business尤用于商业) to fall in value or strength（价值或强度）降低，减弱◆the pound has sunk to its lowest recorded level against the dollar.英镑对美元的比价已降到历史新低。◆his voice sank almost to a whisper.他的声音渐低，几乎成了耳语。 opp rise → rise ■ come down phrasal verb(came, come)(especially of prices) to fall in level（尤指价格）下降，降低◆the price of gas is coming down.煤气价格在下跌。◆gas is coming down in price.煤气价格在下跌。opp go up → rise fall verb 2➤the temperature falls温度下降➤fall into the river掉进河里➤slip and fall on the ice在冰上滑一跤fall ♦︎ go down (sth) ♦︎ come down (sth) ♦︎ descend ♦︎ drop ♦︎ sink ♦︎ crash ♦︎ tumble ♦︎ topple ♦︎ plungethese words all mean to move downwards, especially suddenly and/or by accident.这些词均表示落下，尤指突然或意外地掉落、跌落。patterns and collocations 句型和搭配◆to fall / go / come / drop / sink / crash / tumble down◆to go down / come down / descend the stairs / steps◆to go down / come down / descend a ladder◆to fall / plunge to your death■ fall (fell, fallen) [intransitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition通常与副词或介词连用) to go from a higher place to a lower place, especially suddenly and/or by accident（尤指突然或意外地）落下，掉落，跌落◆several of the books had fallen onto the floor.这些书有几本掉到了地上。◆one of the kids fell into the river.其中有一个小孩掉进了河里。◆september had come and the leaves were starting to fall.已到九月了，树叶开始凋落。◆he fell 23 metres onto the rocks below.他掉到下面 23 米处的岩石上。▸ fall noun [countable] ◆she was killed in a fall from a horse.她从马背上掉下来摔死了。■ go down sth ■ go down phrasal verb(goes, went, gone)to move from a higher place to a lower place; to fall to the ground向下移动；落下；倒在地上◆i've been going up and down the stairs all day.我一整天都在楼梯上跑来跑去的。◆the sun went down below the horizon.太阳落到了地平线下。◆she tripped and went down with a bump.她绊了一下，重重地摔倒在地上。 opp go up (sth) → climb ■ come down sth ■ come down phrasal verb(came, come)to move from a higher place to a lower place; to break and fall to the ground向下移动；崩塌；坍塌◆she came down the steps two at a time.她一步跨两级地走下台阶。◆the ceiling came down with a terrific crash.随着一声可怕的巨响，天花板塌了下来。 opp go up (sth) → climb note 辨析 go down or come down? go is usually used from the point of view of the person who is moving somewhere. come is usually used from the point of view of the person or place that sb/sth is moving to or towards. * go 通常是从行进者的角度出发，come 通常是从目的地的角度出发。■ descend /dɪsend/ [intransitive, transitive] (formal) to go down from a higher place to a lower place下去；下降◆the plane began to descend.飞机开始降落。◆she descended the stairs slowly.她缓慢地走下楼梯。 opp ascend → climb ▸ descent noun [countable, usually singular] ◆the plane began its descent to heathrow.飞机开始向希思罗机场降落。■ drop (-pp-) [intransitive] to fall by accident; to fall or sit down, especially because you are no longer able to stand（意外地）落下，掉下；（尤指因无法再站立而）倒下，坐下◆the climber slipped and dropped to his death.那个攀登者一失足掉下去摔死了。◆he staggered in and dropped into a chair.他摇摇晃晃地走了进来，一屁股坐在椅子上。■ sink (sank, sunk) [intransitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition通常与副词或介词连用) (of a person) to move downwards, especially by falling or sitting down; (of an object) to move slowly downwards（人）倒下，坐下；（物体）下沉，下陷◆she sank back into her seat.她坐回椅子上。◆the old man had sunk to his knees.老头跪了下去。◆the foundations of the building are starting to sink.楼房的地基开始下陷。■ crash [intransitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition通常与副词或介词连用) to hit sth hard while moving, causing noise and/or damage猛撞；碰撞◆a brick crashed through the window.砖块哗啦一声砸穿了窗户。◆with a sweep of his hand he sent the glasses crashing to the floor.他一挥手把眼镜碰到地上摔碎了。◆the door crashed open.门砰的一声给砸开了。■ tumble [intransitive] to fall suddenly and in a dramatic way倒塌；坍塌◆the scaffolding came tumbling down.脚手架突然坍塌。▸ tumble noun [countable, usually singular] ◆the jockey took a nasty tumble at the third fence.骑师在第三道栅栏处重重摔下马来。■ topple [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition总是与副词或介词连用) to become unsteady and fall down（失去平衡而）坠落，倒塌，倒下◆the pile of books toppled over.那摞书倒了。■ plunge [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition总是与副词或介词连用) to move suddenly forwards and/or downwards突然前冲（或下落）◆she lost her balance and plunged 100 feet to her death.她没有站稳，从 100 英尺的高处跌下摔死了。fall verb 3➤the temperature falls温度下降➤fall into the river掉进河里➤slip and fall on the ice在冰上滑一跤fall ♦︎ fall over ♦︎ stumble ♦︎ trip ♦︎ fall downthese words all mean to stop standing suddenly.这些词均表示突然倒下、跌倒。patterns and collocations 句型和搭配◆to stumble / trip over sth■ fall (fell, fallen) (usually used with an adverb or preposition通常与副词或介词连用) [intransitive] (especially written) to suddenly stop standing突然倒下；跌倒◆she slipped and fell on the ice.她在冰上滑了一跤。■ fall over -->phrasal verb(fell, fallen) (especially spoken) to suddenly stop standing突然倒下；跌倒◆i fell over and cut my knee.我跌倒划破了膝盖。■ stumble [intransitive] to hit your foot against sth while you are walking or running and fall or almost fall绊脚◆the child stumbled and fell.孩子绊了一下，摔倒了。◆i stumbled over a rock.我在石头上绊了一下。■ trip (-pp-) [intransitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition通常与副词或介词连用) to catch your foot on sth and fall or almost fall绊；绊倒◆someone will trip over that cable.有人会让那条电缆绊倒的。◆be careful you don't trip up on the step.你小心别在台阶上绊倒了。■ fall down -->phrasal verb(fell, fallen)to suddenly stop standing突然倒下；跌倒◆the house looked as if it was about to fall down.那座房子看起来摇摇欲坠。note 辨析 fall, fall over or fall down? fall and fall over are only used to talk about people in this meaning; fall down can be used to talk about people, buildings, or other structures that can stand and then suddenly stop standing. fall is used more in writing. in british english fall over is used more in speech. in american english fall down is used more in speech. * fall 和 fall over 表达此义时只用于人，fall down 可用于人、建筑物或其他可以直立而又突然倒下的结构体。fall 多用于书面语。fall over 多用于英式英语的口语。 fall down 多用于美式英语的口语。 fall(fell, fallen) [intransitive, transitive] to become lower or less in level, number or strength（数量）减少；（水平）下降；（强度）减小◆their profits have fallen by 30 per cent.他们的利润减少了 30%。◆the temperature fell sharply in the night.夜间温度陡降。◆falling birth rates could have an impact on future economic growth.下降的出生率可能会对未来的经济增长产生影响。◆ (written) her voice fell to a whisper.她的声音变小，成了耳语。◆share prices fell 30p.股价下跌了 30 便士。opp rise → rise ➡ see also fall → reduction noun fall(fell, fallen) [intransitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition通常与副词或介词连用) to go from a higher place to a lower place, especially suddenly and/or by accident（尤指突然或意外地）落下，掉落，跌落◆several of the books had fallen onto the floor.这些书有几本掉到了地上。◆one of the kids fell into the river.其中有一个小孩掉进了河里。◆september had come and the leaves were starting to fall.已到九月了，树叶开始凋落。◆he fell 23 metres onto the rocks below.他掉到下面 23 米处的岩石上。▸ fall noun [countable] ◆she was killed in a fall from a horse.她从马背上掉下来摔死了。 fall(fell, fallen) (usually used with an adverb or preposition通常与副词或介词连用) [intransitive] (especially written) to suddenly stop standing突然倒下；跌倒◆she slipped and fell on the ice.她在冰上滑了一跤。 fall [singular] a loss of political or economic power or success; the loss or defeat of a city or country in war（政权的）垮台；（经济的）崩溃；（城市或国家的）沦陷，灭亡◆the scandal undoubtedly contributed to his fall from power.这桩丑闻无疑导致了他的下台。◆his diary charts his dramatic fall from grace (= loss of power and respect).他的日记记录了他如何突如其来地丧失了权力和尊崇。◆napoleon's rise and fall拿破仑的兴亡◆the fall of rome to the barbarians野蛮人攻陷罗马opp rise → progress ▸ fall verb [intransitive] ◆the coup failed but the government fell shortly afterwards.政变虽然流产，但是不久以后政府便垮台了。◆troy finally fell to the greeks.特洛伊城最终被希腊人攻陷。 fall(fell, fallen) [intransitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition通常与副词或介词连用) (of rain or snow) to drop down from the sky（雨或雪）降落，落下◆the snow was falling steadily.雪一直下着。◆70 millimetres of rain fell in just a few hours.仅几个小时降雨量便达到了 70 毫米。 fall [countable] (especially business尤用于商业) a reduction that happens in the size, number, rate or level of sth（尺寸）减小；（数量）减少；（比率或水平）降低◆share prices suffered a slight fall yesterday.股票价格昨日微幅下挫。◆this figure represents a fall of 23% on the same period last year.这一数据与去年同期相比下降了 23%。opp rise → increase noun ➡ see also fall → fall verb 1 fallnoun [countable] ◆she was killed in a fall from a horse.她从马背上掉下来摔死了。fallverb [intransitive] ◆the coup failed but the government fell shortly afterwards.政变虽然流产，但是不久以后政府便垮台了。◆troy finally fell to the greeks.特洛伊城最终被希腊人攻陷。fallnoun [countable] ◆she was killed in a fall from a horse.她从马背上掉下来摔死了。fallverb [intransitive] ◆the coup failed but the government fell shortly afterwards.政变虽然流产，但是不久以后政府便垮台了。◆troy finally fell to the greeks.特洛伊城最终被希腊人攻陷。fall¹/fɔ:l ||; fɔl/verb [i] (past tense fell /fel ||; fɛl/ past participle fallen /ˈfɔ:lən ||; ˈfɔlən/) 1. to drop down towards the ground 掉下；落下: ◇he fell off the ladder onto the grass. 他从梯子摔到草地上。◇the rain was falling steadily. 雨下个不停。 2. fall (down/over) to suddenly stop standing and drop to the ground 跌倒在地；倒下: ◇she slipped on the ice and fell. 她在冰上滑倒了。◇the little boy fell over and hurt his knee. 小男孩跌了一交，摔伤了膝盖。 3. to hang down 垂下: ◇her hair fell down over her shoulders. 她长发披肩。 4. to become lower or less 下降: ◇the temperature is falling. 温度在下降。◇the price of coffee has fallen again. 咖啡又跌价了。 [opp] rise 反义词为rise 5. to be defeated 被打败；垮台: ◇ the government fell because of the scandal. 政府因这宗丑闻而倒台。 6. (written 书面语) to be killed (in battle) （在战争中）被杀；阵亡: ◇millions of soldiers fell in the war. 数以百万计的士兵在那次战争中阵亡。 7. to change into a different state; to become 换成另一种状态；变成: ◇he fell asleep on the sofa. 他在沙发上睡着了。◇they fell in love with each other in spain. 他们俩在西班牙坠入爱河。◇i must get some new shoes -- these ones are falling to pieces. 我得买一双新鞋子──这双快要磨破了。 8. (formal 正式) to come or happen 到来；发生: ◇my birthday falls on a sunday this year. 我今年的生日是在星期天。 9. to belong to a particular group, type, etc 属于（某组、某类等）: ◇animals fall into two groups, those with backbones and those without. 动物可以分为两类，有脊椎的和没有脊椎的。 fall flat→flat¹fall/slot into place→place¹fall short (of sth)→short¹ fall apart to break (into pieces) 破成碎块；破碎: ◇my car is falling apart. 我的汽车快要散架了。 fall back on sb/sth to use sb/sth when you are in difficulty 求助于；依赖；依靠: ◇when the electricity was cut off we fell back on candles. 停电的时候我们点蜡烛。 fall for sb(informal 非正式) to be strongly attracted to sb; to fall in love with sb 为某人倾倒；爱上某人 fall for sth(informal 非正式) to be tricked into believing sth that is not true 信以为真: ◇he makes excuses and she falls for them every time. 他老是左推右托，每一次她都信以为真。 fall out (with sb) to argue and stop being friendly (with sb) （跟某人）争吵，不和；与…闹翻 fall through to fail or not happen 不成功；告吹: ◇our trip to japan has fallen through. 我们去不成日本了。 fall²/fɔ:l ||; fɔl/noun1. [c] an act of falling down or off sth 掉下；落下；跌倒: ◇she had a nasty fallfrom her horse. 她从马上摔下来，伤得很厉害。 2. [c] a fall (of sth) the amount of sth that has fallen or the distance that sth has fallen 降落的数量或距离；落差: ◇we have had a heavy fall of snow. 我们这里下过大雪。◇a fall of four metres 下降四米 3. [c] a fall (in sth) a decrease (in value, quantity, etc) （价值、数量等的）减少: ◇there has been a sharp fall in the price of oil. 油价大幅下挫。 [syn] drop 同义词为drop [opp] rise 反义词为rise 4. [sing] the fall of sth a (political) defeat; a failure 挫败；灭亡；垮台: ◇the fall of the roman empire 罗马帝国的灭亡 5. falls [pl] a large amount of water that falls from a height down the side of a mountain, etc 瀑布: ◇niagara falls 尼亚加拉大瀑布 [syn] waterfall 同义词为waterfall 6. [c] (us 美) =autumnfall1 when someone accidentally falls from a standing position2 to almost fall from a standing position3 when an upright object, a building, a wall, etc falls4 to fall through the air to the ground5 to fall off a horse, bicycle etc6 to deliberately make someone fall7 to let something fall or make something fallrelated wordssee alsodown,accident,hit,jump,1. when someone accidentally falls from a standing position 某人意外从站立位置跌倒 fall /fɔːl/ [intransitive verb] to accidentally fall from a standing position 跌倒，摔倒 she was going up the stairs when she fell. 她上楼时跌倒了。 george held on tightly, afraid that he might fall. 乔治抓得紧紧的，害怕自己会摔倒。fall down the stairs/steps etc there was concern for the queen mother yesterday after she fell down a short flight of steps at the airport. 昨天王太后在机场从一小段楼梯上摔了下来，大家非常关切。 fall over/down /ˌfɔːl ˈəʊvəʳ, ˈdaʊn/ [intransitive phrasal verb] to fall onto the ground from a standing position 跌倒，摔倒 ben fell down and scraped his knee. 本摔了一跤，擦破了膝盖。 beginning skiers can expect to fall down a lot. 初学滑雪的人肯定要摔许多跤的。 the pavement was slippery and it was easy to fall over. 这条人行道很滑，行人很容易跌倒。 have a fall /ˌhæv ə ˈfɔːl/ [verb phrase not in progressive] british if someone, especially an old person, has a fall, they fall and hurt themselves 【英】［尤指老人］跌了一跤［造成损伤］ my neighbour has had a fall and broken a rib. 我的邻居摔了一跤，断了一根肋骨。 grandma had a bad fall in the snow that winter. 那年冬天祖母在雪地里重重地摔了一跤。 tumble /ˈtʌmbəl/ [intransitive verb] to fall quickly down a slope or down stairs, rolling over and over and unable to stop ［从斜坡或楼梯上］滚下 tumble down/off/into etc she tumbled down the stairs and landed in a heap at the bottom. 她从楼梯上滚下来，着地时蜷作一团。 a bus veered off the road and tumbled down the hill into the river below. 一辆公共汽车转向冲出路面，滚下山去掉进下面的河里。 fall flat on your face /fɔːl ˌflæt ɒn jɔːʳ ˈfeɪs/ [verb phrase] to fall over suddenly so that you are lying on your front on the ground, especially in a way that makes you look funny 摔了个嘴啃泥，面朝下跌倒 she fell flat on her face getting out of the car. 她从汽车里出来时摔了个嘴啃泥。 the last time i wore high-heeled shoes i fell flat on my face outside a restaurant. 上次我穿高跟鞋在饭店的外头摔了个马趴。 collapse /kəˈlæps/ [intransitive verb] to fall suddenly and heavily onto the ground, into a chair etc, because of tiredness, illness, or injury 突然倒下；瘫倒［因疲倦、疾病或受伤］ one of the horses collapsed from exhaustion after the race. 其中一匹马在比赛后因精疲力竭而倒下了。collapse on cohen was hospitalized after he collapsed on the floor and briefly lost consciousness. 科恩瘫倒在地短时间失去知觉，后来被送进了医院。collapse into milligan collapsed into a chair, sighing deeply. 米利根瘫坐在椅子上深深地叹了口气。 collapse [singular noun] after stephen's sudden collapse during the meeting, he was rushed to the hospital. 斯蒂芬在会上突然倒下，被急速送往医院。 keel over /ˌkiːl ˈəʊvəʳ/ [intransitive phrasal verb] to suddenly fall to the ground, because you are ill or have had a shock 突然倒下［因生病或受到惊吓］ she'd been complaining of a headache all morning, and suddenly she just keeled over. 她整个早上都在叫头痛，突然就这么倒下了。 carson keeled over and died in front of the nightclub after taking a number of illegal drugs. 卡森吞服了几种毒品后突然倒下，死在夜总会门前。 go head over heels /gəʊ ˌhed əʊvəʳ ˈhiːlz/ [verb phrase] to fall forward with so much force that you roll over 一个倒栽葱跌翻在地 she slipped on the polished floor and went head over heels. 她在光滑的地板上滑了一下，摔了一个倒栽葱。 shelly's horse stepped into soft sand and went down, horse and rider going head over heels in a cloud of dust. 谢利的马踏进松软的沙土中倒下了，在一阵飞扬的尘土中人栽马翻。2. to almost fall from a standing position 差点从站立的姿势摔倒 trip also trip over british /trɪp, ˌtrɪp ˈəʊvəʳ/ [intransitive verb] to accidentally hit something with your foot when you are walking or running, so that you fall or nearly fall ［绊了一下］摔倒；几乎摔倒 i didn't push him - he tripped. 我没推他，他自己绊倒的。 she'd had quite a lot to drink and kept tripping over. 她喝了很多酒，一次次地跌倒在地。trip over pick up that box -- someone might trip over it. 把那盒子捡起来—有人会绊倒的。trip on her medical problems began when she tripped on a rug and broke her hip. 她被地毯绊倒摔折了髋骨后，医疗问题就开始了。trip and fall one boy tripped and fell into the water. 有个男孩绊了一跤跌入水中。 slip /slɪp/ [intransitive verb] to accidentally slide on a wet or smooth surface, so that you fall or nearly fall 失脚；滑跤 be careful you don't slip - the floor's wet. 当心，别滑倒，地上是湿的。slip on she slipped on the icy sidewalk and grabbed will's arm to steady herself. 她在结冰的人行道上滑了一下，赶快抓住威尔的手臂稳住自己。slip and fall i walked slowly through the mud, trying not to slip and fall. 我在烂泥中缓缓行走，尽量不让自己滑倒摔跤。 stumble /ˈstʌmbəl/ [intransitive verb] to nearly fall down when you are walking or running, because you do not put your foot down carefully or because something is in the way 绊脚；绊跌 in her hurry, eva stumbled and dropped the tray she was carrying. 伊娃于匆忙间绊了一下，手中的托盘也掉到地上。stumble on/over mason headed towards the house, stumbling on the rough ground. 梅森朝屋子走去，在高低不平的地上跌跌撞撞。 lose your balance /ˌluːz jɔːʳ ˈbæləns/ [verb phrase] to fall or nearly fall, when you need to balance carefully to remain in an upright position, for example when you are standing on a ladder or riding a bicycle 失去平衡［如站在梯子上或骑自行车时］ i tried to help gina up, but i lost my balance and we both fell into the stream. 我想帮助吉娜站起来，可我失去了平衡，结果我们两人都掉进了溪中。 bill was leaning over to watch, and lost his balance. 比尔俯身去看，结果失去了平衡。 lose your footing /ˌluːz jɔːʳ ˈfʊtɪŋ/ [verb phrase] to lose your balance because your foot slips, especially when you are walking or climbing over an uneven or slippery surface 滑跤［尤指在不平或滑溜的表面上行走或攀登时］ i lost my footing on the snowy bank and fell into the river. 我走在积雪的河岸上脚下一滑，就跌入了河中。 a climber who lost his footing was taken to hospital with serious injuries. 一位登山者失足摔成重伤后被送进医院。3. when an upright object, a building, a wall, etc falls 直立的物体、建筑、墙等倒塌 fall /fɔːl/ [intransitive verb] she was playing just yards from where the building fell. 她当时正在离房子倒塌处几码的地方玩。fall across/onto/on top of a tree had fallen across the road and blocked it. 一棵树横倒在路上，把路堵住了。fall off/out of/from the days were getting shorter and the leaves had started falling from the trees 白天变短了，树开始掉叶子。 i can't find my passport - it must have fallen out of my pocket. 我找不到我的护照，肯定从我口袋里掉出去了。 fallen [adjective only before noun] fallen trees blocked the railway tracks. 倒下的树堵住了铁轨。 fall over /ˌfɔːl ˈəʊvəʳ/ [intransitive phrasal verb] if a tall object falls over, it falls onto its side from an upright position ［高的物体］倒下 that bookcase looks as if it's about to fall over. 这个书柜看上去马上要倒下来了。 there was no wind; the tree just fell over. 没有风，这棵树是自己倒下的。 fall down /ˌfɔːl ˈdaʊn/ [intransitive phrasal verb] if a building, wall, or fence falls down, part or all of it falls to the ground, because it is in bad condition or because it has been damaged ［建筑物、墙、篱笆等］倒塌，倒下 a boy was injured yesterday when part of a wall fell down near to where he was playing. 昨天一堵墙倒在一个男孩玩耍处附近，男孩受了伤。 a large tree fell down during a windstorm and damaged our car. 刮风暴时，一棵大树倒下砸坏了我们的汽车。 collapse /kəˈlæps/ [intransitive verb] if a building, wall etc collapses, it suddenly falls down, especially because of a sudden pressure ［建筑物、墙等］倒塌；坍塌 our tent collapsed in the middle of the night. 夜里我们的帐篷倒塌了。 the building was badly damaged in the explosion, and rescue workers are worried that it may collapse. 这幢建筑物在爆炸中遭到严重损坏，营救人员担心它可能会倒塌。 minutes later the second tower collapsed. 几分钟后第二座塔楼倒塌了。 fall in /ˌfɔːl ˈɪn/ [intransitive phrasal verb] if a roof falls in, it falls to the ground inside the building ［屋顶］塌陷，坍下 during the hurricane the roof fell in. 刮飓风的时候，屋顶塌陷了下来。fall in on we need to fix the ceiling before it falls in on us. 在屋顶塌下来砸到我们头上之前，我们得把它修好。 cave in /ˌkeɪv ˈɪn/ [intransitive phrasal verb] if a roof, wall etc caves in, it suddenly and heavily falls inwards especially because it is weak and in bad condition ［屋顶或墙等因不牢固或破旧而突然］往里倒坍 the roof has caved in, so the whole building has been declared unsafe. 屋顶已经塌了，所以整座楼已被宣布为危房。cave in on wooden beams support the roof, preventing it from caving in on the miners. 木梁支撑着坑道顶，以防塌下来压到矿工。 topple over /ˌtɒpəl ˈəʊvəʳǁˌtɑː-/ [intransitive phrasal verb] if something topples over, it moves unsteadily backwards and forwards then falls to the ground 摇晃着倒塌，摇摇欲坠地终于倒下 the little boy put one more brick on the tower and it toppled over. 小男孩在积木塔上又放了一块积木，塔摇晃着倒塌了。 that plant's going to topple over if you don't put it in a bigger pot. 如果你不把那株植物移到大些的花盆里，它会倒的。 tip over /ˌtɪp ˈəʊvəʳ/ [intransitive phrasal verb] to suddenly turn and fall to the ground as a result of not being properly balanced ［因失去平衡而突然］倾翻 i sat on the edge of the table, and the whole thing tipped over. 我坐在桌子边上，它整个倒了下来。 the fire started when a lamp tipped over and ignited a cloth sofa. 灯翻倒了引燃了一张布沙发，火就烧了起来。4. to fall through the air to the ground 从空中掉落到地上 fall /fɔːl/ [intransitive verb] one of the climbers fell fifty feet. 有一个登山者掉下去50英尺。 a light rain was falling. 正在下着小雨。fall out/into/from etc she opened the cupboard and everything fell out. 她打开壁橱，东西全部掉了出来。 there should be spaces between the boards of the deck to allow debris to fall through. 平台的板条之间应该有空隙让垃圾尘土掉下去。 fred fell out of the tree and broke his arm. 弗雷德从树上掉了下来，摔折了手臂。 the girl had fallen from a fourth-floor window, but was not badly hurt. 女孩从四楼窗口掉下，但未受重伤。fall on careful that box doesn't fall on you, charlotte! 夏洛特小心，别让盒子掉到你身上！ fall off /ˌfɔːl ˈɒf/ [intransitive/transitive phrasal verb] to accidentally fall from something in a high position to the ground ［从…］掉下；跌落 jim was laughing so hard he fell off his chair. 吉姆笑得从椅子上摔了下来。 a bag of groceries fell off the table onto the floor. 一袋食品杂货从桌子上掉落到地上。 plunge /plʌndʒ/ [intransitive verb] to suddenly fall a long way from somewhere high up ［从高处］猛地坠下 the aeroplane's engines failed and it plunged into the ocean. 飞机发动机失灵，坠入了大海。plunge off/down/into etc their car swerved to avoid a truck, and plunged off the cliff. 他们的汽车一个急转弯想避开一辆卡车，却坠下了悬崖。plunge to your death fall a long way and be killed 从高处摔死 a skydiver plunged to his death yesterday when his parachute failed to open. 昨天一名跳伞运动员降落伞没打开，掉下来摔死了。 plummet /ˈplʌmɪt, ˈplʌmət/ [intransitive verb] to fall from somewhere high up, very quickly and very directly 快速落下，径直掉下 the rope snapped, causing the climber to plummet several hundred feet down the mountain. 绳子咔嚓绷断，爬山运动员从高山上一坠几百英尺。 two aircraft on a training flight collided and plummeted to the ground. 两架飞机在飞行训练时相撞后径直摔到地上。 drop /drɒpǁdrɑːp/ [intransitive verb] to fall suddenly from a high place straight down onto or towards the ground 落下；掉下 drop onto/to/from etc two bottles rolled across the table, dropped onto the floor, and smashed. 两只瓶子从桌上滚过，掉到地上摔得粉碎。 a few pine cones had already dropped to the ground. 一些松球已掉落地上。 tumble /ˈtʌmbəl/ [intransitive verb] to fall quickly through the air, rolling over and over 快速地翻滚而下 tumble down/off/from etc a little girl tumbled about 30 feet from the window of her family's third-floor apartment. 有个小女孩从她家三楼的窗口30英尺高处翻落下来。 come down /ˌkʌm ˈdaʊn/ [intransitive phrasal verb] if rain, snow etc comes down, it falls heavily ［雨、雪等］下得又急又大 we can't go out now -- the rain's really coming down. 我们现在出不去了—雨下得非常大。 snow was coming down so thickly i could barely see through the window. 雪下得这么大，我从窗口往外看都看不清东西。5. to fall off a horse, bicycle etc 从马、自行车等上面掉下 fall off /ˌfɔːl ˈɒf/ [intransitive/transitive verb] to accidentally fall from something you are riding on, for example a horse or a bicycle ［意外地从马上或自行车上］掉下，摔下 he fell off his bike and broke his wrist. 他从自行车上摔下来，手腕骨折。 a bolt broke on an amusement park ride, and several children who fell off were seriously injured. 游乐场的游乐设施上有一枚螺栓断掉了，几名儿童摔下来受了重伤。 be thrown /biː ˈθrəʊn/ [verb phrase] to fall off a horse or similar animal because of a violent or sudden movement ［从马或类似的动物上］被摔下来 rodeo riders can suffer appalling injuries after being thrown by bulls and steers. 牛仔竞技表演的骑手们被公牛和菜牛摔下后可能受重伤。be thrown from he broke his neck when he was thrown from a horse. 他被马摔下来折断了脖子。6. to deliberately make someone fall 故意使人摔倒 knock somebody over/knock somebody down /ˌnɒk somebody ˈəʊvəʳ, ˌnɒk somebody ˈdaʊnǁˌnɑːk-/ [transitive phrasal verb] to push or hit someone hard, so that they fall to the ground 把某人推倒；把某人打倒［在地］ knock somebody over/down careful where you're going! you nearly knocked me over! 走路看仔细点！你差点把我撞倒！ in the rush to get out of the building, she was knocked down. 大家从房子里蜂拥而出时她被推倒在地。knock down/over somebody some of the bigger boys purposely knock over the smaller ones. 一些大孩子故意把小些的孩子撞倒在地。 trip also trip up /trɪp, ˌtrɪp ˈʌp/ british /trɪp, ˌtrɪp ˌʌp/ [] to make someone fall or almost fall by putting your foot or another object in their way 绊倒 one of the runners claimed she had been tripped. 其中一名赛跑运动员称她是被绊倒的。trip somebody up one man tripped me up and the other one grabbed my handbag. 一名男子绊倒了我，另一个抢了我的手提包。 push somebody over /ˌpʊʃ somebody ˈəʊvəʳ/ [transitive phrasal verb] to deliberately push someone with your hand so that they fall to the ground ［故意］把某人推倒［在地］ another little kid came and pushed him over onto the grass. 另一个小孩过来把他推倒在草地上。 knock somebody to the ground /ˌnɒk somebody tə ðə ˈgraʊnd ǁ ˌnɑːk-/ [verb phrase] to hit someone so hard that they lose their balance and fall to the ground 把某人击倒在地上 a teenage boy knocked him to the ground and ran off with his briefcase. 一个十几岁的男孩将他打倒在地，抢了他的公文包逃走了。7. to let something fall or make something fall 让某物落下或使某物落下 drop /drɒpǁdrɑːp/ [transitive verb] to stop holding something so that it falls, especially accidentally 使落下，使掉下［尤指无意的、不当心的情况下］ watch you don't drop that box - it's very heavy. 当心别把那箱子掉到地上，它很重。 her hands shake constantly and she keeps dropping things. 她双手不停地颤抖，老是掉东西。 you dropped your toy. do you want it back? 你把玩具掉了，要捡回来吗?drop something on/onto something margaret dropped the letters onto her desk. 玛格丽特把信扔到书桌上。 knock over /ˌnɒk ˈəʊvəʳǁˌnɑːk-/ [transitive phrasal verb] to hit something so that it falls onto its side from an upright position, especially when you do this accidentally 弄倒；打翻 knock something over be careful or you'll knock the vase over. 当心点，不然你会把花瓶碰倒的。knock over something he bumped into the table and knocked over the candle. 他撞到了桌子，把蜡烛碰倒了。 spill /spɪl/ [transitive verb] to accidentally let liquid, powder, or small pieces of something fall onto a surface and spread out over it ［使］溢出，溅出，洒出 oops, i just spilled my water. 哎哟，我刚把水弄洒了。spill something down/all over/onto something ‘how was the party?’ ‘ok, but some idiot spilled wine all over my new dress.’ “聚会怎么样？“还行，可有个白痴把酒都洒在我的新裙子上了。” aaron spilled all the popcorn on the floor. 阿伦把爆米花洒了一地。 tip over /ˌtɪp ˈəʊvəʳ/ [transitive phrasal verb] to make something fall over, usually accidentally, by making it lose balance ［把］碰翻，使翻倒 tip something over the cat managed to tip the christmas tree over. 那只猫设法把圣诞树弄翻了。tip over something he accidentally tipped over a candle, and the tablecloth caught fire. 他不小心碰翻了蜡烛，桌布烧了起来。 overturn /ˌəʊvəʳˈtɜːʳn/ [transitive verb] to make something fall on its side or turn something over completely, especially by pushing it very hard ［尤指用力推］［使］翻倒，打翻，［使］倾覆 the wind was so strong that it overturned dustbins and wrecked fences. 风强劲得吹翻了垃圾筒，吹坏了篱笆。 protestors overturned cars and set fire to them. 抗议者推翻了汽车并点火烧车。 upset /ʌpˈset/ [transitive verb] to accidentally knock or push something over, so that its contents fall out and spread over a wide area ［无意地］打翻，弄翻 one of the kids upset a bottle of water on the table. 有个小孩把一瓶水打翻在桌上了。☞ fall¹☞ fall² |
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英汉双解词典收录171353条英汉汉英双解翻译词条，基本涵盖了全部常用单词的读音、翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。