| 单词 | child |
| 释义 | child nounadjective | verb + child | child + verb | child + noun | preposition adjective➤little, small, young小孩◆my father died while i was still a small child.我还是个小孩子的时候父亲就去世了。➤newborn新生儿▸➤teenage十几岁的孩子◆we have three teenage children.我们有 3 个十来岁的孩子。➤preschool, school-aged学龄前／学龄儿童➤adult, grown, grown-up (especially bre) 成年的孩子▸➤good, obedient, well-behaved好孩子；听话的孩子；规矩的孩子▸➤aggressive, delinquent, difficult, disobedient, fractious, mischievous, naughty, problem, sulky, unruly, wayward, wilful/willful攻击性强的孩子；失足少年；难管教的孩子；不听话的孩子；脾气急躁的孩子；淘气的孩子；调皮的孩子；问题儿童；爱生闷气的孩子；不守规矩的孩子；倔强的孩子；任性的孩子◆he's always been a problem child.他一直是个问题儿童。◆the children were quite unruly and ran around the house as if they owned it.孩子们很不守规矩，在房子里跑来跑去，像是在自己家里一样。➤bright, gifted, intelligent, precocious聪明的／有天分的／聪颖的／早熟的孩子◆a school for gifted children天才儿童学校◆what a precocious child－reading jane austen at the age of ten!这孩子真是早慧 －10 岁就读简・奥斯丁的作品！➤dull, slow呆傻的／迟钝的孩子◆teaching is particularly difficult when a class contains both slow and bright children.要是一个班里既有迟钝的孩子又有聪明的孩子，教起来就特别难。➤abandoned, abused, at-risk, maltreated, neglected被遗弃的孩子；受虐待的孩子；有危险的孩子；无人照管的孩子◆therapy for sexually abused children对遭受性虐待的孩子的治疗➤disadvantaged, needy, starving, underprivileged生活条件差的孩子；贫困儿童；饥饿的孩子；处于弱势的儿童➤spoiled被宠坏的孩子▸➤sickly多病的孩子➤asthmatic, autistic, disabled, dyslexic, hyperactive, etc.患哮喘的孩子、自闭症患儿、残疾儿童、患诵读困难的孩子、多动症患儿等➤special-needs（因智力或身体有缺陷而）有特殊需要的儿童➤innocent天真的孩子▸➤loving充满爱心的孩子▸➤only独生子；独生女◆it was a little lonely being an only child.独生子女有点儿孤单。➤eldest, first-born最年长的孩子；头生子／头生女▸➤fatherless, motherless, orphaned失去父亲的孩子；失去母亲的孩子；孤儿➤adopted收养的孩子▸➤bastard (usually figurative) , illegitimate私生子；非婚生子◆the bastard child of romantic fiction and horror浪漫小说与恐怖故事的私生子➤unborn未出生子女◆the rights of the unborn child未出生子女的权利➤dependent受抚养子女◆tax concessions for families with dependent children对有子女要抚养的家庭的税收减免➤street流浪儿童◆there are a lot of street children in the poorer parts of the city.在城里比较贫困的地段有很多流浪儿童。➤biracial, mixed-race双种族混血儿；多种族混血儿➤minority少数民族儿童verb + child➤have有孩子◆how many children do you have?你有几个孩子？➤bear, give birth to, have生孩子◆she didn't have her first child until she was nearly forty.她快到 40 岁才生了第一个孩子。➤father成为孩子的父亲▸➤conceive怀上孩子◆we had trouble conceiving our first child.我们怀第一个孩子时不太顺利。➤expect怀着孩子◆they are expecting a child in june.他们的孩子将在 6 月份出生。➤adopt, foster收养孩子➤lose失去孩子◆she couldn't imagine the pain of losing a child at birth.她无法想像分娩时失去孩子的痛苦。➤bring up, raise, rear抚养孩子；养育孩子◆he had old-fashioned ideas on how to bring up children.他在如何养育孩子方面还是旧观念。➤indulge, pamper, spoil纵容／娇惯／溺爱孩子◆you can't spoil a child by giving it all the affection it wants.你不能这样惯孩子，他要怎样的宠爱你就给怎样的宠爱。➤love, nurture爱孩子；养育孩子➤maltreat, neglect虐待／疏于照料孩子➤educate, home-school, teach教育孩子；在家教育孩子；教孩子➤discipline, punish, scold管教／惩罚／批评孩子▸➤abandon遗弃孩子▸➤abduct, kidnap诱拐／绑架孩子➤abuse, molest虐待／猥亵儿童➤immunize, vaccinate给孩子接种疫苗child + verb➤be born孩子出生◆their first child was born with a rare heart condition.他们的第一个孩子出生时有罕见的心脏病。➤develop, grow, grow up孩子发育／成长／长大◆children grow up so quickly!孩子们长得可真快！◆good food for growing children有利于孩子发育的食物➤cry, scream, whimper, whine孩子哭泣／尖叫／抽泣／哭哭啼啼▸➤misbehave孩子没规矩child + noun➤actor, bride, soldier, star儿童演员；娃娃新娘；娃娃兵；童星➤prodigy神童➤development儿童发育◆the emotional connections which ensure healthy child development确保儿童健康发育的情感联系➤custody对孩子的监护权◆a child custody dispute between divorced parents离异父母之间的子女监护权之争➤support（子女）抚养费◆after they divorced, he refused to pay child support.他们离婚后，他拒绝支付孩子的抚养费。➤labour/labor童工➤prostitution童妓➤pornography儿童色情➤abuse, molestation对儿童的虐待；猥亵儿童➤abuser, killer, molester虐待儿童者；儿童杀手；猥亵儿童者➤abduction诱拐儿童➤psychiatrist, psychologist儿童精神病专家／心理学专家▸➤protection, safety, services, welfare儿童保护／安全／服务／福利preposition➤with child (literary) 怀有身孕◆big with child (= pregnant) 身怀六甲 child noun ➡ see also the entries for girl and son另见 girl 条和 son 条child ♦︎ boy ♦︎ girl ♦︎ baby ♦︎ kid ♦︎ infant ♦︎ youngster ♦︎ toddler ♦︎ minor ♦︎ brat ♦︎ juniorthese are all words for a young person who is not yet an adult.这些词均表示孩子、未成年人。patterns and collocations 句型和搭配◆a young child / boy / girl / baby / kid / infant◆a little child / boy / girl / baby / kid / brat◆a small / good / naughty child / boy / girl / baby / kid◆a healthy / normal child / boy / girl / baby / kid / infant◆a bright / local child / boy / girl / kid / youngster◆a difficult child / boy / baby / toddler◆a spoilt / spoiled child / kid / brat◆to look after / take care of a child / baby / kid◆a child / boy / girl / baby / kid / infant / youngster / toddler learns sth◆a child / boy / girl / baby / kid / youngster / toddler / junior plays◆a child / boy / girl / baby / kid / youngster grows (up)■ child (plural children) [countable] a young person who is not yet an adult儿童；小孩◆a child of three / a three-year-old child三岁小孩◆men, women and children男人、女人和儿童◆i lived in london as a child.我小时候住在伦敦。◆the group campaigns for the rights of the unborn child.那个团体为未出生婴儿争取权利。◆she was a child star but never made it as an adult.她曾是童星，成年后却默默无闻。opp adult , grown-up → adult adj. ➡ see also child → son ■ boy [countable] a male child男孩◆the older boys at school used to tease him.学校里大一些的男生过去常常取笑他。◆be a good boy and get me my coat.乖孩子，把我的外衣拿来。opp girl ➡ see also boy → son ■ girl [countable] a female child女孩◆she's a bright little girl.她是个聪明伶俐的小姑娘。opp boy ➡ see also girl → girl , girl → son ■ baby [countable] a very young child, especially from birth until it starts to walk婴儿（尤指从出生到会走路的阶段）◆the baby's crying!婴儿在哭！◆he just broke down and cried like a baby.他禁不住像个孩子似的失声痛哭。◆the illness is common in newborn babies and is easily treated.这是新生儿的常见病，很容易治好。 ➡ see also baby → son ■ kid [countable] (informal, especially spoken) a child小孩◆he's only a kid. you can't expect him to understand what's going on.他只是个小孩子，你不能指望他理解出了什么事。◆a bunch of kids were hanging around outside.一群孩子在外面闲逛。 ➡ see also kid → son note 辨析 child or kid? kid is much more frequent than child in informal and spoken american english. a kid can also be older than a child: you can talk about a kid of 15 but people generally stop being called children at around the age of 12. above that age you can call them kids, teenagers, young people, girls, youths or lads.在美式非正式用语和口语中，kid 比 child 常用得多。kid 可以比 child 年龄大，可以说 a kid of 15 （一个 15 岁的孩子），但一般 12 岁左右时便不再称为 child。12 岁以上可以称为 kid、teenager、young person、girl、youth 或 lad。■ infant /ɪnfənt/ [countable] (formal or technical术语) a baby or very young child婴儿；幼儿◆we studied newborn infants up to two months old.我们研究了出生两个月以内的新生儿。◆the country has an appallingly high infant mortality rate.这个国家的婴儿死亡率高得令人震惊。ⓘ in the british and australian education systems infant is also the word for a child at school between the ages of four and seven.在英国和澳大利亚的教育体制中，infant 也指四到七岁的学童◆the majority of infant teachers are women.大多数幼儿教师是女性。◆i've known her since we were in the infants (= at infant school).从幼儿学校时我就认识她了。■ youngster [countable] (informal) a child or young person少年；儿童；年轻人◆the camp is for youngsters aged 8 to 14.这次夏令营是为 8 到 14 岁的少年儿童安排的。■ toddler [countable] a young child who has only recently learnt to walk学步的儿童◆she was left at home with a toddler and a four-month-old baby to care for.她给留在家里照顾一个蹒跚学步的孩子和一个四个月大的婴儿。■ minor [countable] (law法律) a young person who is under the age at which you legally become an adult and are responsible for your actions未成年人◆it is an offence to serve alcohol to minors.向未成年人提供含酒精饮料是违法行为。◆he was jailed for having sex with a minor.他因与未成年人发生性行为而入狱。 opp adult → adult ■ brat [countable] (informal, disapproving) a person, especially a child, who behaves badly不守规矩的人；（尤指）顽童◆he's a spoilt little brat!他是个被宠坏了的捣蛋鬼！■ junior [countable] (bre) (in sport) a young person below a particular age, rather than an adult; a child at school in britain between the ages of 7 and 11青少年运动员；（英国） 7 到 11 岁的学童◆at 16, he's still eligible to play for the juniors.16 岁时，他还有资格参加青少年组的比赛。◆sam is going to be a junior next year.萨姆明年就要上学了。◆a junior school小学 child(plural children) [countable] a young person who is not yet an adult儿童；小孩◆a child of three / a three-year-old child三岁小孩◆men, women and children男人、女人和儿童◆i lived in london as a child.我小时候住在伦敦。◆the group campaigns for the rights of the unborn child.那个团体为未出生婴儿争取权利。◆she was a child star but never made it as an adult.她曾是童星，成年后却默默无闻。opp adult , grown-up → adult adj. ➡ see also child → son child(plural children) [countable] a son or daughter of any age儿子；女儿◆they have three grown-up children.他们有三个成年的孩子。◆i'm an only child (= i have no brothers or sisters).我是个独生子。ⓘ children is often used to refer to both or all the children of a particular person. * children 常指某人的两个或所有子女◆will you put the (= our / my) children to bed?你安顿孩子们睡觉好吗？'the child' is not used in this way. * the child 不这样用◆i'm just taking the child to school. ➡ see also child → child note 辨析 son, daughter and childthese words are often combined with others to make compounds.这三个词常与其他词合并构成复合词◆grandson / granddaughter / grandchild (= the son / daughter / child of your son or daughter) （外）孙子；（外）孙女◆stepson / stepdaughter / stepchild (= the son / daughter / child that your husband or wife has from an earlier marriage to another person) 继子；继女◆son-in-law / daughter-in-law (= the husband / wife of your daughter / son) 女婿；儿媳妇child/tʃaɪld ||; tʃaɪld/noun [c] (plural children /ˈtʃɪldrən ||; ˈtʃɪldrən/) 1. a young boy or girl who is not yet an adult 小孩；儿童: ◇a group of children were playing in the park. 一群孩子正在公园里玩耍。◇a six-year-old child 六岁大的小孩 2. a son or daughter of any age 儿子；女儿；子女: ◇she has two children but both are married and have moved away. 她有两个孩子，但都结了婚，搬走了。 an only child is a child who has no brothers or sisters. a couple may adopt a child who is not their own son or daughter (for example if the child's parents are dead). a foster child is looked after for a certain period of time by a family that is not his/her own. 独生子、独生女叫做only child。夫妇可领养(adopt)小孩（比如小孩父母双亡）。寄养在别的家庭的小孩叫做foster child。child1 a child2 someone's son or daughter3 a child whose parents have died4 the time when someone is a childrelated wordsa young person aged 11-18 11至18岁的年轻人 young,see alsoadult,baby,father,mother,1. a child 儿童，小孩 child /tʃaɪld/ [countable noun] a young person from the time they are born until they are aged about 14 or 15 ［14或15岁前的］儿童，小孩 how many children are there in your class? 你们班有多少个小孩子？ children under 14 travel free. 14岁以下的小孩乘车免费。 every child was given a present. 每个小孩都拿到了礼物。as a child as a child, she preferred playing football with the boys to playing with dolls. 孩提时代她喜欢与男孩子一起踢足球，而不是玩娃娃。child prodigy a child who is extremely good at doing something, for example playing music or speaking languages, from a very young age ［音乐、语言等］神童 while growing up in north carolina, amos was considered a child prodigy on the piano. 阿莫斯在北卡罗莱纳州长大，当时被人认为是钢琴神童。child development the way a child grows and learns new skills 儿童成长 after her first baby was born, barb read child development books constantly. 第一个孩子出生以后，巴布不断阅读有关儿童成长的书。child care when someone looks after children while their parents work 托儿服务 the state will provide child care when both parents participate in the training program. 该州在父母俩同时参加培训计划时提供托儿服务。child abuse cruel or violent treatment of children by adults 虐待儿童 nationwide, only one in four cases of child abuse and neglect is reported. 在全国范围内，仅有四分之一虐待和疏忽照料儿童的案件被举报。 kid /kɪd/ [countable noun] informal a child 【非正式】小孩 jamie's a bright kid. 杰米是个聪明的孩子。 i really enjoy working with kids. 我着实喜欢与小孩子打交道。 when we were kids, we used to spend practically the whole summer outdoors. 小时候，整个夏天我们几乎都是在户外度过的。just a kid don't be so hard on him - he's just a kid. 别对他那么严——他还是孩子。 boy /bɔɪ/ [countable noun] a male child 男孩 i used to live in spain when i was a boy. 我小时候住在西班牙。 harry teaches in a boys’ school in glasgow. 哈里在格拉斯哥一所男童学校教书。 he put a hand on the boy's shoulder and walked with him down the hall. 他把手搭在男孩的肩上，一起朝走廊的另一头走去。little boy a very young boy 小男孩 why don't you go play with that little boy over there? 你为什么不到那边去和那个小男孩玩？ girl /gɜːʳl/ [countable noun] a female child 女孩 what's that girl's name? 那女孩叫什么名字? more girls play sports now than when i was younger. 和我年轻时相比，现在较多女孩子进行体育运动。 beth is one of the most popular girls in her class. 贝丝是班上人缘最好的女孩之一。little girl a very young girl 小女孩 a little girl was sitting on the front doorstep. 一个小女孩坐在门前台阶上。 toddler /ˈtɒdləʳǁˈtɑːd-/ [countable noun] a very young child who has just learned to walk 学步的儿童 as a toddler, he was attacked and injured by the family's pet dog. 在他还是个学步儿童的时候，他被家里的宠物狗袭击受伤了。 a toddler was squatting in the middle of the carpet, thumb in mouth. 一个蹒跚学步的小孩蹲在地毯中央，一只拇指含在嘴里。2. someone's son or daughter 某人的儿子或女儿 child /tʃaɪld/ [countable noun] someone's son or daughter, of any age 子女，孩子 she named her first child katrin. 她给第一个孩子取名凯特琳。 one of her children lives in australia now. 她有一个孩子目前住在澳大利亚。 the house seems very quiet now that all the children have left home. 孩子都已离家，现在屋子里似乎非常安静。an only child a child that has no brothers or sisters 独生子，独生女 alexandra was an only child and the centre of her mother's world. 亚历山德拉是独生女，是她母亲的掌上明珠。 kid /kɪd/ [countable noun] informal someone's son or daughter - use this about children aged up to 14 or 15 【非正式】［14或15岁前的］孩子 all i ever wanted was to get married and have kids. 我想要的就是结婚生子。 could you look after the kids this evening? 今晚你能照看孩子们吗？ son /sʌn/ [countable noun] someone's male child 儿子 we have two teenage sons. 我们有两个十几岁的儿子。 her son used to work in texas. 她的儿子过去在得克萨斯上班。 the family business has now been taken over by anderson's eldest son. 家族生意已经由安德森的大儿子接管。 daughter /ˈdɔːtəʳ/ [countable noun] someone's female child 女儿 our youngest daughter is getting married next month. 我们最小的女儿下个月结婚。 my aunt has five daughters and three sons. 我姑妈有五个女儿、三个儿子。 in traditional societies, parents were often reluctant to send their daughters to school. 在传统社会，父母常常不愿让女儿上学。 little boy/little girl /ˌlɪtl ˈbɔɪ, ˌlɪtl ˈgɜːʳl/ [countable noun] spoken someone's young son or daughter 【口】年幼的儿子/年幼的女儿 paula had to go home - her little girl's sick. 葆拉必须回家去—她年幼的女儿病了。 ‘how old's your little boy?’ ‘he's three.’ “你家的小男孩多大了？”“三岁。” offspring /ˈɒfˌsprɪŋǁˈɔːf-/ [singular or plural noun] a person's or animal's baby or babies - used humorously or in formal contexts about someone's children 子女；后代［幽默或正式用词］ somebody's offspring parents with the disease are likely to pass it on to their offspring. 患此病的父母亲可能会把病传给子女。 hardly a day goes by without mrs molt or one of her offspring calling around to borrow something. 莫尔特夫人或她的孩子几乎没有一天不到处借东西。3. a child whose parents have died 父母双亡的孩子 orphan /ˈɔːʳfən/ [countable noun] pepino was a ten-year-old orphan. his parents had been killed in the war. 佩皮诺是个十岁的孤儿。他的父母死于战争。 dr barnardo founded homes for orphans in the late nineteenth century. 19世纪末，巴纳多医生为孤儿们建造家园。 orphaned [adjective] orphaned at the age of six, laura grew up with her father's relatives. 劳拉六岁成了孤儿，在父亲的亲戚家长大。4. the time when someone is a child 童年时期 childhood /ˈtʃaɪldhʊd/ [countable/uncountable noun] since childhood margot had longed to be a dancer. 玛戈从小就渴望成为一名舞蹈家。 steven had happy memories of his childhood on the farm. 史蒂文还记得他在农场度过的快乐童年。childhood illness/experiences/dream etc that you have when you are a child 儿童疾病/童年经历/童年梦想等 of course, i had all the usual childhood illnesses, like measles and mumps. 当然，所有儿童常见病我小时候都得过，比如麻疹和腮腺炎。 it was his childhood dream to play professional baseball. 他的童年梦想是打职业棒球。early childhood much of my early childhood was spent with my aunt in california. 我童年早期的大部分时光是和我姨妈在加利福尼亚度过的。 in infancy/during infancy /ɪn ˈɪnfənsi, ˌdjʊərɪŋ ˈɪnfənsiǁˌdʊər-/ [uncountable noun] formal while someone is a baby or a very young child - use this especially to talk about children dying or getting diseases 【正式】在襁褓之中［尤用于谈论小孩天折或患病］ three of her children died in infancy. 她有三个孩子死于襁褓之中。 child /tʃaɪld; tʃaɪld/n [c] plural children /`tʃɪldrən; ˈtʃɪldrən/ 1. a young person who is not yet fully grown 小孩，儿童:◇there are over 30 children in each class. 每个班有三十多个孩子。◇a five-year-old child 一个五岁的孩子 2. a son or daughter 儿子; 女儿:◇both our children are married now. 我们的两个孩子现在都结婚了。◇an only child (=someone with no sisters or brothers) 独生子［女］ 3. be child's play to be very easy to do 是轻而易举的事:◇learning french had been child's play compared with learning arabic. 学法语与学阿拉伯语相比是轻而易举的事。usage note 用法说明: child, baby, infant, toddler, teenager, and 和 kidbaby and infant are both words for a very young child who was born not long ago, but the word infant is much more formal. a child who has just learned to walk is a toddler. children aged 13 to 19 are teenagers. kid is an informal word meaning a child or young person. baby 和 infant 都表示出生不久、非常年幼的孩子，但 infant 要正式得多。刚学会走路的孩子叫 toddler。十三至十九岁的孩子叫 teenager。kid 是指孩子或年轻人的非正式词语。 ☞ child |
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