分词做状语的概念解析
张艳红
非谓语动词之分词做状语是必考考点,本文主要对分词的基本概念和状语功能进行梳理总结。
一、5个分词的基本概念
1.doing: 现在分词 一般式 主动语态
2.being done: 现在分词一般式 被动语态
3.having done: 现在分词 完成式 主动语态
4.having been done:现在分词 完成式 被动语态
5.done :过去分词
二、解析概念
1.doing ----- 表示分词的动作:
①正在进行;②与谓语动词的动作同时发生;③相关名词与doing之间是主动关系
Hearing the bell ,the students began to enter the classroom .
解析:①主语the students和分詞Hearing 之间是主动关系;②分词Hearing和谓语动词began to enter 的动作同时发生。
2.being done ----- 表示分词的动作:
①正在进行;②与谓语的动作同时发;③名词 与being done 是被动关系。
Being painted now,the classroom can not be used .
解析:①主语the classroom和分词Being painted 之间是被动关系;②分词Being painted的动作正在发生。
3.having done ----- 表示分词的动作:
①发生在谓语的动作或状态之前;②名词与having done 是主动关系。
Having finished the work ,Tom went out for play .
解析:①主语Tom和分词Having finished 之间是主动关系;②分词Having finished的动作发生在谓语动词went out for play之前。
4.having been done ----- 表示分词的动作:
①发生在谓语的动作或状态之前;②名词与having been done是被动关系。
Having been used for many years ,the car needs repairing .
解析:①主语the car和分词Having been used 之间是被动关系;②分词Having been used的动作发生在谓语动词needs repairing之前。
5.done ----- 表示分词的动作:
①分词本身动作发生完了;②没时间性;③名词与done 之间是被动关系。
Seen from the hill ,our school is very beautiful .
解析:①our school和seen 之间是被动关系;②seen的动作没有时间性。
三、分词做状语的功能
时间,原因,条件,让步,结果,方式,伴随状况
1.时间状语:Having finished the work,Tom went out for play.
2.原因状语:Being painted now,the classroom can not be used.
3.条件状语:Seen from the hill,our schoolyard looks very beau-tiful.
4.让步状语:Having been warned many times,the boy still beca-me careless in doing the job.
5.结果状语:Football is played all over the world , making it the most popular sport.
6.方式状语:Being late for class , he came to school running all the way.
7.伴随状况状语:The students entered the classroom, talking and laughing.
四、分词做状语的判断技巧
分词5个做状语,逗号是标志;主语定语态,谓语定时态。
另,伴随状况状语通常在谓语后面,常不用逗号标志。例如:The students entered the classroom talking and laughing .
总之,分词做状语是高频考点,尤其在语法填空、改错和写作部分,成为必备要点。