英语倒装句用法归纳
倒装句可分为全部倒装和部分倒装两种。
一、部分倒装
1. 否定副词位于句首时的倒装
在正式文体中,never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, no longer, nowhere 等含有否定意義的副词若位于句首,则其后要用部分倒装:
Never shall I forgive him.
【注意】(1) not…until句型,当not until…位于句首时,其后的主句要用倒装语序:
Not until the rain stopped did he leave the room.
(2) 某些起副词作用的介词短语,由于含有否定词,若位于句首,其后要用部分倒装:
Under no circumstances will I lend money to him.
2.“only+状语”位于句首时的倒装
当一个状语受副词only的修饰且置于句首时,其后用部分倒装语序:
Only in this way are you able to do it well.
3. 副词so后接形容词或副词位于句首时,其后用部分倒装:
So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home.
4.“so/ neither/nor +助动词+主语”倒装
If he can do it, so can I.
You arent young and neither am I.
【注意】该结构与表示强调或同意的“so+主语+特殊动词”结构的区别:
“It was cold yesterday.” “So it was.” “昨天很冷。”“的确很冷。”
5. 由not only…but also引出的倒装
Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet.
6. 虚拟条件句的省略与倒装——当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had, were, should等时,如将if省略,则要将had, were, should等移到主语前,构成倒装句:
Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him.
7. 此外,一些介词 + no + 名词的结构中需要用部分倒装,at no time; by no means; by no manner of means; for no reason; in no case; in no way; on no account等。
a) 如果含有从句时,只要求主句倒装:
Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.
b) 如果上述否定副词出现在强调句型中的前半部分,不用倒装:
It was not until he went abroad that he knew the truth of the fact.
c) 如果hardly, scarcely后面接的是any, ever, at all时,意义类似almost no/ not/ never(几乎不、从不),则无须倒装。
Hardly any people invited went there.
8. 由as引导的部分倒装句:
a) 当as作为比较意义时,即用于as + adj./ adv. + as结构中时,如果把第一个as省略掉,就形成部分倒装句。
She charged the stairs, quick as a rabbit (ran).
b) 当 as引导让步状语时,和although, though一样,当用作“尽管”之义时,可以用于部分倒装句。
Hard as he worked, he did not pass the exam.
c) 表示原因时,为了强调起见,也可以倒装。
Tired as he was, we decided not to disturb him.
d) 等于so时,意义是“也,也是”
She worked hard, so/ as did her husband.
二、全部倒装
1. here 和there位于句首时的倒装表示地点的here和 there位于句首时,其后用完全倒装形式。这类倒装句的谓语通常是动词be和come, go等表示移动或动态的不及物动词:
Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。
2. away和down等位于句首时的倒装地点副词away, down, in, off, out, over, round, up 等位于句首时,其后用完全倒装语序。但若主语为人称代词,则不能用倒装:
Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas.
Away he went.
3. 状语或表语位于句首时的倒装为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密,有时可将状语或表语置于句首,句中主语和谓语完全倒装:
Among these people was his friend Jim.
4. 分词和不定式置于句首的倒装有时为了强调,可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首,从而构成倒装:
Standing beside the table was his wife.
三、倒装句中的主谓一致———在“副词here, there, now, then, up, down, in, out, away等、作状语或表语的介词短语或分词短语+谓语动词+主语”的倒装结构中,谓语动词的数由动词后面的主语决定。
On the wall hang two maps.
【作者简介】周宏,辽宁省抚顺市新宾满族自治县第二高级中学。
一、部分倒装
1. 否定副词位于句首时的倒装
在正式文体中,never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, no longer, nowhere 等含有否定意義的副词若位于句首,则其后要用部分倒装:
Never shall I forgive him.
【注意】(1) not…until句型,当not until…位于句首时,其后的主句要用倒装语序:
Not until the rain stopped did he leave the room.
(2) 某些起副词作用的介词短语,由于含有否定词,若位于句首,其后要用部分倒装:
Under no circumstances will I lend money to him.
2.“only+状语”位于句首时的倒装
当一个状语受副词only的修饰且置于句首时,其后用部分倒装语序:
Only in this way are you able to do it well.
3. 副词so后接形容词或副词位于句首时,其后用部分倒装:
So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home.
4.“so/ neither/nor +助动词+主语”倒装
If he can do it, so can I.
You arent young and neither am I.
【注意】该结构与表示强调或同意的“so+主语+特殊动词”结构的区别:
“It was cold yesterday.” “So it was.” “昨天很冷。”“的确很冷。”
5. 由not only…but also引出的倒装
Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet.
6. 虚拟条件句的省略与倒装——当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had, were, should等时,如将if省略,则要将had, were, should等移到主语前,构成倒装句:
Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him.
7. 此外,一些介词 + no + 名词的结构中需要用部分倒装,at no time; by no means; by no manner of means; for no reason; in no case; in no way; on no account等。
a) 如果含有从句时,只要求主句倒装:
Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.
b) 如果上述否定副词出现在强调句型中的前半部分,不用倒装:
It was not until he went abroad that he knew the truth of the fact.
c) 如果hardly, scarcely后面接的是any, ever, at all时,意义类似almost no/ not/ never(几乎不、从不),则无须倒装。
Hardly any people invited went there.
8. 由as引导的部分倒装句:
a) 当as作为比较意义时,即用于as + adj./ adv. + as结构中时,如果把第一个as省略掉,就形成部分倒装句。
She charged the stairs, quick as a rabbit (ran).
b) 当 as引导让步状语时,和although, though一样,当用作“尽管”之义时,可以用于部分倒装句。
Hard as he worked, he did not pass the exam.
c) 表示原因时,为了强调起见,也可以倒装。
Tired as he was, we decided not to disturb him.
d) 等于so时,意义是“也,也是”
She worked hard, so/ as did her husband.
二、全部倒装
1. here 和there位于句首时的倒装表示地点的here和 there位于句首时,其后用完全倒装形式。这类倒装句的谓语通常是动词be和come, go等表示移动或动态的不及物动词:
Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。
2. away和down等位于句首时的倒装地点副词away, down, in, off, out, over, round, up 等位于句首时,其后用完全倒装语序。但若主语为人称代词,则不能用倒装:
Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas.
Away he went.
3. 状语或表语位于句首时的倒装为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密,有时可将状语或表语置于句首,句中主语和谓语完全倒装:
Among these people was his friend Jim.
4. 分词和不定式置于句首的倒装有时为了强调,可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首,从而构成倒装:
Standing beside the table was his wife.
三、倒装句中的主谓一致———在“副词here, there, now, then, up, down, in, out, away等、作状语或表语的介词短语或分词短语+谓语动词+主语”的倒装结构中,谓语动词的数由动词后面的主语决定。
On the wall hang two maps.
【作者简介】周宏,辽宁省抚顺市新宾满族自治县第二高级中学。