考虑横向惯性效应时黏弹性支承桩纵向振动特性研究
吕述晖 王奎华 吴文兵
摘要: 考虑土体三维波动效应及桩身横向惯性效应,建立了均质滞回阻尼土中黏弹性支承桩受稳态或瞬态纵向激振时的定解问题,并获得了严格桩土耦合条件下的解析解。首先,将桩底土层对桩及桩侧土层的作用简化为均布Vogit体,桩视为RayleighLove杆,利用土体三维轴对称振动方程,土层边界条件,以及桩与桩侧土接触面上的纵向和径向位移连续条件,求解得到桩侧土作用在桩身的剪切复刚度。然后,结合桩底黏弹性支承条件,推导得到桩顶复阻抗函数的解析解。最后,采用参数分析方法,研究了横向惯性效应对单桩桩顶动力响应的影响规律及其与桩及土层参数的关系。结果表明:相对于不考虑横向惯性效应,计及横向惯性效应时单桩纵向振动特性的差异受桩及土共同的影响。
关键词: 桩; 纵向振动; 横向惯性效应; 滞回阻尼; 动力响应
中图分类号: TU473.1文献标志码: A文章编号: 10044523(2016)04067908
DOI:10.16385/j.cnki.issn.10044523.2016.04.015
引言
桩的纵向振动理论是动力基础设计、桩基础抗震设计、桩基动力检测的基础。桩的纵向振动理论研究主要关注桩和桩土相互作用两个方面。近年来,桩土相互作用模型历经动态Winkler模型[1],平面应变模型[23],不考虑桩侧土体径向位移的桩土耦合模型,考虑桩侧土体三维波动效应的严密耦合模型[45]等,已取得了较大的发展,而虚土桩模型[56]的提出进一步完善了这一理论体系。对于桩自身问题的研究,仍主要采用适用于细长杆件的经典Bernoulli理论,而桩的三维波动效应也受到了较多的关注[79],特别是对于一些不完全符合细长杆件条件的情况,如大直径灌注桩,经典Bernoulli理论计算结果与实测结果有所差异。
Rayleigh考虑杆的横向惯性效应,提出了对杆件的修正理论,Love基于能量原理,导出了计及横向惯性效应的杆件运动方程,即RayleighLove杆运动方程[10],它是一种三维简化杆件理论。在此基础上,李强等[11]研究了考虑横向惯性效应时饱和土中大直径嵌岩桩纵向振动特性。吴文兵等[23]研究了考虑横向惯性效应时楔形桩纵向振动问题。杨骁等[12]利用Novak薄层法分析了考虑横向惯性时成层饱和土中单桩振动问题。但已有的研究仍是基于特定的边界条件(桩端固定)或简化假设(不考虑桩土接触面处土体径向位移)。本文考虑土体三维波动效应,建立了考虑横向惯性效应下,均质滞回阻尼土中黏弹性支承桩受稳态或瞬态纵向激振时的定解问题,并获得了考虑桩土更为严格耦合条件下的解析解。通过参数分析,研究了横向惯性效应对单桩桩顶动力响应的影响规律及其与桩及土层参数的关系。
Abstract: By considering threedimensional wave effect of pile side soil and transverse inertia effect of pile, a definite problem for viscoelastic bearing piles embedded in homogeneous hysteretic damping soil layer is established under steadystate and transient excitation, and the analytical solution based on strict pilesoil coupling condition is derived. Firstly, the interactions between the soil layers beneath the pile end and pile as well as pile side soil are simplified to uniform Vogit model, meanwhile, the pile is assumed to be a RayleighLove rod, by means of soil boundary conditions, radial and vertical displacement continuity conditions at the pilesoil interface, the shear complex stiffness the pile side soil acting on pile is obtained in the 3D axisymmetric vibration mode. Then, combined the boundary condition at pile bottom, analytical form for complex impedance at the pile head is derived. On this basis, influence of transverse inertia effect on pile vertical vibration characteristics and its relationship with pilesoil parameters are studied. The results show that: difference whether the transverse inertia effect is taken into account or not is determined by both pile and soil parameters.
Key words: pile; longitudinal vibration; transverse inertia effect; hysteretic damping; dynamic response